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Moreland AS, Limwongyut J, Holton SJ, Bazan GC. Structural modulation of membrane-intercalating conjugated oligoelectrolytes decouples outer membrane permeabilizing and antimicrobial activities. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12172-12175. [PMID: 37747122 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02861e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
We report a series of membrane-intercalating conjugated oligoelectrolytes (MICOEs) to probe how structural features impact bacterial membrane integrity and antibiotic activity. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and outer membrane (OM) permeability correlated to different structural parameters suggesting that the antimicrobial mechanism is not related to OM permeabilization. However, lipid order parameters and MICs correlated to the same structural feature suggesting a possible link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S Moreland
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | | | - Samuel J Holton
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 117544, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 117544, Singapore.
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2
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Jia Y, Chen W, Tang R, Zhang J, Liu X, Dong R, Hu F, Jiang X. Multi-armed antibiotics for Gram-positive bacteria. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1101-1110.e5. [PMID: 37442098 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat to public health. Here, we propose a multi-armed chemical scaffold (MACS) for antibiotic screening, which refers to multi-armed molecules (MAMs) consisting of a core unit and three or four arms, neither of which is active for pathogens. Based on a structure-activity relationship study of MAMs, we discover a class of multi-armed antibiotics (MAAs) with a core similar to ethylene (E), carbon atom (C), benzene (B), nitrogen atom (N), and triazine (T) and three or four 4-phenylbenzoic acid (PBA) arms, or a B core and three 4-vinylbenzoic acid (VBA) or 4-ethynylbenzoic acid (EBA) arms. They can selectively interact with Gram-positive bacteria and inhibit cell wall assembly by targeting the lipid carriers of cell wall biosynthesis. MAAs have excellent antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria, including clinical multi-drug-resistant (MDR) isolates. Our study provides a chemical scaffold and identifies eight antibacterial lead compounds for the development of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexiao Jia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Rd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China; Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Rongbing Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Rd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Jiangjiang Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Rd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Rd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Ruihua Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Rd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Fupin Hu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Rd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China.
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3
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Zhou C, Chia GWN, Yong KT. Membrane-intercalating conjugated oligoelectrolytes. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9917-9932. [PMID: 36448452 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00014h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
By acting as effective biomimetics of the lipid bilayers, membrane-intercalating conjugated oligoelectrolytes (MICOEs) can spontaneously insert themselves into both synthetic lipid bilayers and biological membranes. The modular and intentional molecular design of MICOEs enable a range of applications, such as bioproduction, biocatalysis, biosensing, and therapeutics. This tutorial review provides a structural evolution of MICOEs, which originated from the broader class of conjugated molecules, and analyses the drivers behind this evolutionary process. Various representative applications of MICOEs, accompanied by insights into their molecular design principles, will be reviewed separately. Perspectives on the current challenges and opportunities in research on MICOEs will be discussed at the end of the review to highlight their potential as unconventional and value-added materials for biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Geraldine W N Chia
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia.
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4
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Pham TC, Nguyen VN, Choi Y, Lee S, Yoon J. Recent Strategies to Develop Innovative Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13454-13619. [PMID: 34582186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 532] [Impact Index Per Article: 177.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a robust strategy to design photosensitizers (PSs) for various species. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemical-based treatment approach that involves the use of light combined with a light-activated chemical, referred to as a PS. Attractively, PDT is one of the alternatives to conventional cancer treatment due to its noninvasive nature, high cure rates, and low side effects. PSs play an important factor in photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Although the concept of photosensitizer-based photodynamic therapy has been widely adopted for clinical trials and bioimaging, until now, to our surprise, there has been no relevant review article on rational designs of organic PSs for PDT. Furthermore, most of published review articles in PDT focused on nanomaterials and nanotechnology based on traditional PSs. Therefore, this review aimed at reporting recent strategies to develop innovative organic photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy, with each example described in detail instead of providing only a general overview, as is typically done in previous reviews of PDT, to provide intuitive, vivid, and specific insights to the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Chung Pham
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yeonghwan Choi
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.,Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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5
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McCuskey SR, Chatsirisupachai J, Zeglio E, Parlak O, Panoy P, Herland A, Bazan GC, Nguyen TQ. Current Progress of Interfacing Organic Semiconducting Materials with Bacteria. Chem Rev 2021; 122:4791-4825. [PMID: 34714064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microbial bioelectronics require interfacing microorganisms with electrodes. The resulting abiotic/biotic platforms provide the basis of a range of technologies, including energy conversion and diagnostic assays. Organic semiconductors (OSCs) provide a unique strategy to modulate the interfaces between microbial systems and external electrodes, thereby improving the performance of these incipient technologies. In this review, we explore recent progress in the field on how OSCs, and related materials capable of charge transport, are being used within the context of microbial systems, and more specifically bacteria. We begin by examining the electrochemical communication modes in bacteria and the biological basis for charge transport. Different types of synthetic organic materials that have been designed and synthesized for interfacing and interrogating bacteria are discussed next, followed by the most commonly used characterization techniques for evaluating transport in microbial, synthetic, and hybrid systems. A range of applications is subsequently examined, including biological sensors and energy conversion systems. The review concludes by summarizing what has been accomplished so far and suggests future design approaches for OSC bioelectronics materials and technologies that hybridize characteristic properties of microbial and OSC systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R McCuskey
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Jirat Chatsirisupachai
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Erica Zeglio
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Onur Parlak
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine(Solna), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.,AIMES Center of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Patchareepond Panoy
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Anna Herland
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.,AIMES Center of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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6
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Wu J, Zhu Y, You L, Dong PT, Mei J, Cheng JX. Polymer Electrochromism Driven by Metabolic Activity Facilitates Rapid and Facile Bacterial Detection and Susceptibility Evaluation. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2005192. [PMID: 33708032 PMCID: PMC7941207 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202005192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The electrochromism of a water-soluble naturally oxidized electrochromic polymer, ox-PPE, is harnessed for rapid and facile bacterial detection, discrimination, and susceptibility testing. The ox-PPE solution shows distinct colorimetric and spectroscopic changes within 30 min when mixed with live bacteria. For the underlying mechanism, it is found that ox-PPE responds to the reducing species (e.g. cysteine and glutathione) released by metabolically active bacteria. This reduction reaction is ubiquitous among various bacterial strains, with a noticeable difference that enables discrimination of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains. Combining ox-PPE with antibiotics, methicillin-susceptible and -resistant S. aureus can be differentiated within 2.5 h. Proof-of-concept demonstration of ox-PPE for antimicrobial susceptibility testing is carried out by incubating E. coli with various antibiotics. The obtained minimum inhibition concentrations are consistent with the conventional culture-based methods, but with the procedure time significantly shortened to 3 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayingzi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Liyan You
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Pu-Ting Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA; Department of Physics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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7
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Chilambi GS, Hinks J, Matysik A, Zhu X, Choo PY, Liu X, Chan-Park MB, Bazan GC, Kline KA, Rice SA. Enterococcus faecalis Adapts to Antimicrobial Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes by Lipid Rearrangement and Differential Expression of Membrane Stress Response Genes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:155. [PMID: 32117172 PMCID: PMC7033496 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) are emerging antimicrobials with broad spectrum activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria as well as fungi. Our previous in vitro evolution studies using Enterococcus faecalis grown in the presence of two related COEs (COE1-3C and COE1-3Py) led to the emergence of mutants (changes in liaF and liaR) with a moderate 4- to16-fold increased resistance to COEs. The contribution of liaF and liaR mutations to COE resistance was confirmed by complementation of the mutants, which restored sensitivity to COEs. To better understand the cellular target of COEs, and the mechanism of resistance to COEs, transcriptional changes associated with resistance in the evolved mutants were investigated in this study. The differentially transcribed genes encoded membrane transporters, in addition to proteins associated with cell envelope synthesis and stress responses. Genes encoding membrane transport proteins from the ATP binding cassette superfamily were the most significantly induced or repressed in COE tolerant mutants compared to the wild type when exposed to COEs. Additionally, differences in the membrane localization of a lipophilic dye in E. faecalis exposed to COEs suggested that resistance was associated with lipid rearrangement in the cell membrane. The membrane adaptation to COEs in EFC3C and EFC3Py resulted in an improved tolerance to bile salt and sodium chloride stress. Overall, this study showed that bacterial cell membranes are the primary target of COEs and that E. faecalis adapts to membrane interacting COE molecules by both lipid rearrangement and changes in membrane transporter activity. The level of resistance to COEs suggests that E. faecalis does not have a specific response pathway to elicit resistance against these molecules and this is supported by the rather broad and diverse suite of genes that are induced upon COE exposure as well as cross-resistance to membrane perturbing stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Shankar Chilambi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jamie Hinks
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Artur Matysik
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Zhu
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Yi Choo
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xianghui Liu
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mary B. Chan-Park
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Kline
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Scott A. Rice
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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8
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Panigrahi A, Are VN, Jain S, Nayak D, Giri S, Sarma TK. Cationic Organic Nanoaggregates as AIE Luminogens for Wash-Free Imaging of Bacteria and Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:5389-5402. [PMID: 31931570 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The increase in the use of bactericides is a matter of grave concern and a serious threat to human health. The present situation demands rapid and efficient detection and elimination of antibiotic-resistant microbes. Herein, we report the synthesis of a simple C3-symmetric molecular system (TGP) with an intrinsic positive charge through a single-step Schiff base condensation. In a water-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent mixture (80:20 v/v), TGP molecules self-aggregate to form spherical nanoparticles with a positively charged surface that displays efficient fluorescence owing to the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomenon. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria could be effectively detected through "turn-off" fluorescence spectroscopy as the electrostatic interaction of the resultant nanoaggregates with the negatively charged bacterial surface induced quenching of fluorescence of the nanoparticles. The fluorescence analysis and steady-state lifetime studies of TGP nanoparticles suggest that a nonradiative decay through photoinduced electron transfer from the nanoparticles to the bacterial surface leads to effective fluorescence quenching. Further, the TGP nanoaggregates demonstrate potent antimicrobial activity against microbes such as multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi at a concentration as low as 74 μg/mL. A combination of factors including ionic surface characteristics of the nanoparticles for strong electrostatic binding on the bacterial surface followed by possible photoinduced electron transfer from the nanoaggregates to the bacterial membrane and enhanced oxidative stress in the membrane resulting from reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is found accountable for the high antimicrobial activity of the TGP nanoparticles. The effective disruption of membrane integrity in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria upon interaction with the nanoaggregates can be observed from field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) studies. The development of simple pathways for the molecular design of multifunctional broad-spectrum antimicrobial systems for rapid and real-time detection, wash-free imaging, and eradication of drug-resistant microbes might be crucial to combat pathogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhiram Panigrahi
- Discipline of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Indore , Simrol, Khandwa Road , Indore 453552 , India
| | - Venkata N Are
- Centre of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Indore , Simrol, Khandwa Road , Indore 453552 , India
| | - Siddarth Jain
- Discipline of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Indore , Simrol, Khandwa Road , Indore 453552 , India
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Centre of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Indore , Simrol, Khandwa Road , Indore 453552 , India
| | - Santanab Giri
- School of Applied Sciences and Humanities , Haldia Institute of Technology , Haldia 721657 , West Bengal , India
| | - Tridib K Sarma
- Discipline of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Indore , Simrol, Khandwa Road , Indore 453552 , India
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9
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Zhou K, Tian R, Li G, Qiu X, Xu L, Guo M, Chigan D, Zhang Y, Chen X, He G. Cationic Chalcogenoviologen Derivatives for Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy and Skin Regeneration. Chemistry 2019; 25:13472-13478. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhou
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Ran Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyShaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process IntensificationInstitute of Polymer Science in Chemical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Guoping Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Xinyu Qiu
- Center for Tissue Engineering, School of StomatologyFourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710032 China
| | - Letian Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Mengying Guo
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Dongdong Chigan
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyShaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process IntensificationInstitute of Polymer Science in Chemical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Gang He
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
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10
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Zeglio E, Rutz AL, Winkler TE, Malliaras GG, Herland A. Conjugated Polymers for Assessing and Controlling Biological Functions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806712. [PMID: 30861237 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The field of organic bioelectronics is advancing rapidly in the development of materials and devices to precisely monitor and control biological signals. Electronics and biology can interact on multiple levels: organs, complex tissues, cells, cell membranes, proteins, and even small molecules. Compared to traditional electronic materials such as metals and inorganic semiconductors, conjugated polymers (CPs) have several key advantages for biological interactions: tunable physiochemical properties, adjustable form factors, and mixed conductivity (ionic and electronic). Herein, the use of CPs in five biologically oriented research topics, electrophysiology, tissue engineering, drug release, biosensing, and molecular bioelectronics, is discussed. In electrophysiology, implantable devices with CP coating or CP-only electrodes are showing improvements in signal performance and tissue interfaces. CP-based scaffolds supply highly favorable static or even dynamic interfaces for tissue engineering. CPs also enable delivery of drugs through a variety of mechanisms and form factors. For biosensing, CPs offer new possibilities to incorporate biological sensing elements in a conducting matrix. Molecular bioelectronics is today used to incorporate (opto)electronic functions in living tissue. Under each topic, the limits of the utility of CPs are discussed and, overall, the major challenges toward implementation of CPs and their devices to real-world applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Zeglio
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandra L Rutz
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave., Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Thomas E Winkler
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave., Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Anna Herland
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Wang B, Queenan BN, Wang S, Nilsson KPR, Bazan GC. Precisely Defined Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes for Biosensing and Therapeutics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806701. [PMID: 30698856 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) are a relatively new class of synthetic organic molecules with, as of yet, untapped potential for use in organic optoelectronic devices and bioelectronic systems. COEs also offer a novel molecular approach to biosensing, bioimaging, and disease therapy. Substantial progress has been made in the past decade at the intersection of chemistry, materials science, and the biological sciences developing COEs and their polymer analogues, namely, conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs), into synthetic systems with biological and biomedical utility. CPEs have traditionally attracted more attention in arenas of sensing, imaging, and therapy. However, the precisely defined molecular structures and interactions of COEs offer potential key advantages over CPEs, including higher reliability and fluorescence quantum efficiency, larger diversity of subcellular targeting strategies, and improved selectivity to biomolecules. Here, the unique-and sometimes overlooked-properties of COEs are discussed and the noticeable progress in their use for biological sensing, imaging, and therapy is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Bridget N Queenan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - K Peter R Nilsson
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, SE, -581 83, Sweden
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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12
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Zehra N, Dutta D, Malik AH, Ghosh SS, Iyer PK. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Wash-Free Bacterial Imaging and Antibacterial Application Using a Cationic Conjugated Polyelectrolyte. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:27603-27611. [PMID: 30052034 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The increase in bacterial infection and antibiotic resistance has posed a severe threat to the human health. This threat has warranted an imperative demand for the development of a new and effective bactericidal material to eradicate the antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria. In this work, we report the wash-free imaging of Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) bacteria using cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte[9,9-bis(6'-methylimidazoliumbromide)hexyl-fluorene- co-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PFBT-MI) based on aggregation-induced fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Cationic imidazolium group strapped on the polymer side chain not only increases its solubility in water but also helps in binding with the negatively charged bacterial membrane via electrostatic interactions to turn on its bright yellow emission. The change in the fluorescence color of conjugated polyelectrolyte in the presence of bacteria could be visualized very easily via naked eyes under a UV lamp (365 nm). Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of PFBT-MI against both S. aureus and E. coli was observed because of the amphiphilic nature of the conjugated polyelectrolyte which in turn is due to the presence of ionic functionality and conjugated polymer backbone that can intercalate very proficiently into the bacterial membrane, which disrupts the membrane integrity and thus results in toxicity. Morphologically, the membrane damage was perceived via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images, which clearly indicated the disruption of cell membrane upon exposure to PFBT-MI. The PFBT-MI acts as an effective antibacterial agent, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value of (30 μM or 23.7 μg/mL) and (60 μM or 47.7 μg/mL) for S. aureus and for E. coli (60 μM or 47.7 μg/mL) and (100 μM or 79 μg/mL), respectively. Moreover, PFBT-MI shows less cytotoxicity against mammalian cells at concentration greater than MIC.
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13
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Neidhardt MM, Schmitt K, Baro A, Schneider C, Bilitewski U, Laschat S. Self-assembly and biological activities of ionic liquid crystals derived from aromatic amino acids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:20371-20381. [PMID: 30043016 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03404d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of amino acid-derived ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) into lamellar or micellar-like aggregates suggests that they might interact with biological membranes. To get some insight, guanidinium chlorides derived from the natural l-amino acids phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) were synthesized and their mesomorphic properties were investigated via polarizing optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (SAXS, WAXS). Mesophase types depended on the number of alkoxy side chains. Phe- and Tyr-based ILCs with one and two side chains, respectively, self-assembled into smectic A bilayers (SmA2), while Dopa-derived ILCs with three side chains formed columnar (Colh) mesophases. The mesophase ranges for Phe ILCs increased steadily with side chain length, for Tyr- and Dopa-based ILCs, however, size matching effects were observed. To clarify whether the mesomorphic behaviour has an impact on biological properties, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of the ILCs were studied. Phe and Tyr ILCs exhibited much higher cytotoxicities (against the L-929 mouse fibroblast cell line) and/or antibacterial activities (against Staphylococcus aureus) than Dopa ILCs, which were mostly inactive. Furthermore, within each series, the side chain length largely influenced the biological activity. Thus, the bulk mesophase behaviour appeared to correlate with the biological properties, in particular, the interactions with membranes, as shown by measuring the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in human monocytic U937 cells after treatment with the amino acid-based ILCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel M Neidhardt
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart D-70569, Germany.
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Limwongyut J, Liu Y, Chilambi GS, Seviour T, Hinks J, Mu Y, Bazan GC. Interactions of a paracyclophane-based conjugated oligoelectrolyte with biological membranes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:39849-39853. [PMID: 35558200 PMCID: PMC9091243 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08069k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a non-planar conjugated oligoelectrolyte as a membrane permeabilizing material and its membrane interactions compared to the linear analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakkarin Limwongyut
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Biological Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Gayatri Shankar Chilambi
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE)
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Thomas Seviour
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE)
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Jamie Hinks
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE)
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Yuguang Mu
- School of Biological Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
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15
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Milczarek J, Pawlowska R, Zurawinski R, Lukasik B, Garner LE, Chworos A. Fluorescence and confocal imaging of mammalian cells using conjugated oligoelectrolytes with phenylenevinylene core. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 170:40-48. [PMID: 28388462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Milczarek
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Roza Pawlowska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Remigiusz Zurawinski
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Lukasik
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Logan E Garner
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Arkadiusz Chworos
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
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Wang B, Wang M, Mikhailovsky A, Wang S, Bazan GC. A Membrane‐Intercalating Conjugated Oligoelectrolyte with High‐Efficiency Photodynamic Antimicrobial Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Ming Wang
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Alexander Mikhailovsky
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
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17
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Wang B, Wang M, Mikhailovsky A, Wang S, Bazan GC. A Membrane‐Intercalating Conjugated Oligoelectrolyte with High‐Efficiency Photodynamic Antimicrobial Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5031-5034. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Ming Wang
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Alexander Mikhailovsky
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
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18
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Ong MJH, Debieu S, Moreau M, Romieu A, Richard JA. Synthesis ofN,N-Dialkylamino-nor-Dihydroxanthene-Hemicyanine Fused Near-Infrared Fluorophores and Their First Water-Soluble and/or Bioconjugatable Analogues. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:936-946. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Jui Hsien Ong
- Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, ICES; Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR; 8 Biomedical Grove, Neuros, #07-01 Singapore 138665 Singapore
| | - Sylvain Debieu
- ICMUB, UMR 6302, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté; 9, Avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon cedex France
| | - Mathieu Moreau
- ICMUB, UMR 6302, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté; 9, Avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon cedex France
| | - Anthony Romieu
- ICMUB, UMR 6302, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté; 9, Avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon cedex France
- Institut Universitaire de France; 103, Boulevard Saint-Michel 75005 Paris France
| | - Jean-Alexandre Richard
- Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, ICES; Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR; 8 Biomedical Grove, Neuros, #07-01 Singapore 138665 Singapore
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Kirchhofer ND, Rengert ZD, Dahlquist FW, Nguyen TQ, Bazan GC. A Ferrocene-Based Conjugated Oligoelectrolyte Catalyzes Bacterial Electrode Respiration. Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Yan H, Rengert ZD, Thomas AW, Rehermann C, Hinks J, Bazan GC. Influence of molecular structure on the antimicrobial function of phenylenevinylene conjugated oligoelectrolytes. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5714-5722. [PMID: 30034711 PMCID: PMC6021957 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00630b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Structure/property relationships were obtained to understand the antimicrobial function of conjugated oligoelectrolytes toward Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
Conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) with phenylenevinylene (PV) repeat units are known to spontaneously intercalate into cell membranes. Twelve COEs, including seven structures reported here for the first time, were investigated for the relationship between their membrane disrupting properties and structural modifications, including the length of the PV backbone and the presence of either a tetraalkylammonium or a pyridinium ionic pendant group. Optical characteristics and interactions with cell membranes were determined using UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopies, and confocal microscopy. Toxicity tests on representative Gram-positive (Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria reveal generally greater toxicity to E. faecalis than to E. coli and indicate that shorter molecules have superior antimicrobial activity. Increased antimicrobial potency was observed in three-ring COEs appended with pyridinium ionic groups but not with COEs with four or five PV repeat units. Studies with mutants having cell envelope modifications indicate a possible charge based interaction with pyridinium-appended compounds. Fluorine substitutions on COE backbones result in structures that are less toxic to E. coli, while the addition of benzothiadiazole to COE backbones has no effect on increasing antimicrobial function. A weakly membrane-intercalating COE with only two PV repeat units allowed us to determine the synthetic limitations as a result of competition between solubility in aqueous media and association with cell membranes. We describe, for the first time, the most membrane disrupting structure achievable within two homologous series of COEs and that around a critical three-ring backbone length, structural modifications have the most effect on antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjing Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Center for Polymers and Organic Solids , University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , CA , USA .
| | - Zachary D Rengert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Center for Polymers and Organic Solids , University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , CA , USA .
| | - Alexander W Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Center for Polymers and Organic Solids , University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , CA , USA .
| | - Carolin Rehermann
- Department of Chemistry , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Germany
| | - Jamie Hinks
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore .
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Center for Polymers and Organic Solids , University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , CA , USA . .,Department of Materials , University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , CA , USA
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Tao L, Xie M, Chiew GGY, Wang Z, Chen WN, Wang X. Improving electron trans-inner membrane movements in microbial electrocatalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:6292-5. [PMID: 27086742 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00976j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel nondestructive strategy of improving electron trans-inner membrane movements in bioelectrocatalysts is realized by overexpressing NADH dehydrogenase II in the inner membrane. A microbial fuel cell loaded with these improved bioelectrocatalysts shows significantly enhanced performance based on promoting the utilization of intracellular primary electron donors in bioelectrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Tao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Avenue, 637459, Singapore.
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22
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Catania C, Ajo-Franklin C, Bazan GC. Membrane permeabilization by conjugated oligoelectrolytes accelerates whole-cell catalysis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23083k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COE) increase outer membrane permeability inEscherichia coli,improve transport of small molecules through the cell envelope and thus accelerate whole-cell catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Catania
- Materials Department
- University of California
- Santa Barbara 93106
- USA
| | - Caroline M. Ajo-Franklin
- Physical Biosciences Division
- Materials Science Division and Synthetic Biology Institute
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara 93106
- USA
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23
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Catania C, Thomas AW, Bazan GC. Tuning cell surface charge in E. coli with conjugated oligoelectrolytes. Chem Sci 2015; 7:2023-2029. [PMID: 29899927 PMCID: PMC5968544 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03046c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated oligoelectrolytes intercalate into and associate with membranes, thereby changing the surface charge of microbes, as determined by zeta potential measurements.
Cationic conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) varying in length and structural features are compared with respect to their association with E. coli and their effect on cell surface charge as determined by zeta potential measurements. Regardless of structural features, at high staining concentrations COEs with longer molecular dimensions associate less, but neutralize the negative surface charge of E. coli to a greater degree than shorter COEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Catania
- Materials Department , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA 93106 , USA
| | - Alexander W Thomas
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA 93106 , USA .
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Materials Department , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA 93106 , USA.,Center for Polymers and Organic Solids , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA 93106 , USA .
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