1
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Yu J, Liu J, Li C, Huang J, Zhu Y, You H. Recent advances and applications in high-throughput continuous flow. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3217-3225. [PMID: 38436212 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06180a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
High-throughput continuous flow technology has emerged as a revolutionary approach in chemical synthesis, offering accelerated experimentation and improved efficiency. With the aid of process analytical technology and automation, this system not only enables rapid optimisation of reaction conditions at the millimole to the picomole scale, but also facilitates automated scale-up synthesis. It can even achieve the self-planning and self-synthesis of small drug molecules with artificial intelligence incorporated in the system. The versatility of the system is highlighted by its compatibility with both electrochemistry and photochemistry, and its significant applications in organic synthesis and drug discovery. This highlight summarises its recent developments and applications, emphasising its significant impact on advancing research across multiple disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Yu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Institute of Advanced Technology of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Chaoyi Li
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Junrong Huang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yuxiang Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Hengzhi You
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Centre, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
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2
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Lennon G, Dingwall P. Enabling High Throughput Kinetic Experimentation by Using Flow as a Differential Kinetic Technique. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318146. [PMID: 38078481 PMCID: PMC10952970 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic data is most commonly collected through the generation of time-series data under either batch or flow conditions. Existing methods to generate kinetic data in flow collect integral data (concentration over time) only. Here, we report a method for the rapid and direct collection of differential kinetic data (direct measurement of rate) in flow by performing a series of instantaneous rate measurements on sequential small-scale reactions. This technique decouples the time required to generate a full kinetic profile from the time required for a reaction to reach completion, enabling high throughput kinetic experimentation. In addition, comparison of kinetic profiles constructed at different residence times allows the robustness, or stability, of homogeneously catalysed reactions to be interrogated. This approach makes use of a segmented flow platform which was shown to quantitatively reproduce batch kinetic data. The proline mediated aldol reaction was chosen as a model reaction to perform a high throughput kinetic screen of 216 kinetic profiles in 90 hours, one every 25 minutes, which would have taken an estimated continuous 3500 hours in batch, an almost 40-fold increase in experimental throughput matched by a corresponding reduction in material consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Lennon
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQueen's University BelfastDavid Keir Building, Stranmillis RoadBelfastBT9 5AGUK
| | - Paul Dingwall
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQueen's University BelfastDavid Keir Building, Stranmillis RoadBelfastBT9 5AGUK
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3
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Davis B, Genzer J, Efimenko K, Abolhasani M. Continuous Ligand-Free Catalysis Using a Hybrid Polymer Network Support. JACS AU 2023; 3:2226-2236. [PMID: 37654589 PMCID: PMC10466318 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Although the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries primarily utilize batch homogeneous reactions to carry out chemical transformations, emerging platforms seek to improve existing shortcomings by designing effective heterogeneous catalysis systems in continuous flow reactors. In this work, we present a versatile network-supported palladium (Pd) catalyst using a hybrid polymer of poly(methylvinylether-alt-maleic anhydride) and branched polyethyleneimine for intensified continuous flow synthesis of complex organic compounds via heterogeneous Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and nitroarene hydrogenation reactions. The hydrophilicity of the hybrid polymer network facilitates the reagent mass transfer throughout the bulk of the catalyst particles. Through rapid automated exploration of the continuous and discrete parameters, as well as substrate scope screening, we identified optimal hybrid network-supported Pd catalyst composition and process parameters for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of aryl bromides with steady-state yields up to 92% with a nominal residence time of 20 min. The developed heterogeneous catalytic system exhibits high activity and mechanical stability with no detectable Pd leaching at reaction temperatures up to 95 °C. Additionally, the versatility of the hybrid network-supported Pd catalyst is demonstrated by successfully performing continuous nitroarene hydrogenation with short residence times (<5 min) at room temperature. Room temperature hydrogenation yields of >99% were achieved in under 2 min nominal residence times with no leaching and catalyst deactivation for more than 20 h continuous time on stream. This catalytic system shows its industrial utility with significantly improved reaction yields of challenging substrates and its utility of environmentally-friendly solvent mixtures, high reusability, scalable and cost-effective synthesis, and multi-reaction successes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley
A. Davis
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Kirill Efimenko
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
- Biomanufacturing
Training and Education Center, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Milad Abolhasani
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
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4
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Volk AA, Epps RW, Yonemoto DT, Masters BS, Castellano FN, Reyes KG, Abolhasani M. AlphaFlow: autonomous discovery and optimization of multi-step chemistry using a self-driven fluidic lab guided by reinforcement learning. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1403. [PMID: 36918561 PMCID: PMC10015005 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Closed-loop, autonomous experimentation enables accelerated and material-efficient exploration of large reaction spaces without the need for user intervention. However, autonomous exploration of advanced materials with complex, multi-step processes and data sparse environments remains a challenge. In this work, we present AlphaFlow, a self-driven fluidic lab capable of autonomous discovery of complex multi-step chemistries. AlphaFlow uses reinforcement learning integrated with a modular microdroplet reactor capable of performing reaction steps with variable sequence, phase separation, washing, and continuous in-situ spectral monitoring. To demonstrate the power of reinforcement learning toward high dimensionality multi-step chemistries, we use AlphaFlow to discover and optimize synthetic routes for shell-growth of core-shell semiconductor nanoparticles, inspired by colloidal atomic layer deposition (cALD). Without prior knowledge of conventional cALD parameters, AlphaFlow successfully identified and optimized a novel multi-step reaction route, with up to 40 parameters, that outperformed conventional sequences. Through this work, we demonstrate the capabilities of closed-loop, reinforcement learning-guided systems in exploring and solving challenges in multi-step nanoparticle syntheses, while relying solely on in-house generated data from a miniaturized microfluidic platform. Further application of AlphaFlow in multi-step chemistries beyond cALD can lead to accelerated fundamental knowledge generation as well as synthetic route discoveries and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Volk
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7905, USA
| | - Robert W Epps
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7905, USA
| | - Daniel T Yonemoto
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8204, USA
| | - Benjamin S Masters
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8204, USA
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8204, USA
| | - Kristofer G Reyes
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7905, USA.
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5
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van Putten R, Eyke NS, Baumgartner LM, Schultz VL, Filonenko GA, Jensen KF, Pidko EA. Automation and Microfluidics for the Efficient, Fast, and Focused Reaction Development of Asymmetric Hydrogenation Catalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200333. [PMID: 35470567 PMCID: PMC9401021 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Automation and microfluidic tools potentially enable efficient, fast, and focused reaction development of complex chemistries, while minimizing resource- and material consumption. The introduction of automation-assisted workflows will contribute to the more sustainable development and scale-up of new and improved catalytic technologies. Herein, the application of automation and microfluidics to the development of a complex asymmetric hydrogenation reaction is described. Screening and optimization experiments were performed using an automated microfluidic platform, which enabled a drastic reduction in the material consumption compared to conventional laboratory practices. A suitable catalytic system was identified from a library of RuII -diamino precatalysts. In situ precatalyst activation was studied with 1 H/31 P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the reaction was scaled up to multigram quantities in a batch autoclave. These reactions were monitored using an automated liquid-phase sampling system. Ultimately, in less than a week of total experimental time, multigram quantities of the target enantiopure alcohol product were provided by this automation-assisted approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert van Putten
- Inorganic Systems EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftNetherlands
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts Avenue02139CambridgeMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Natalie S. Eyke
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts Avenue02139CambridgeMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Lorenz M. Baumgartner
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts Avenue02139CambridgeMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Victor L. Schultz
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts Avenue02139CambridgeMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Georgy A. Filonenko
- Inorganic Systems EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftNetherlands
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts Avenue02139CambridgeMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- Inorganic Systems EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftNetherlands
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6
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Volk AA, Epps RW, Yonemoto D, Castellano FN, Abolhasani M. Continuous biphasic chemical processes in a four-phase segmented flow reactor. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00247c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A four-phase segmented flow regime for continuous biphasic reaction processes is introduced, characterized over 1500 automatically conducted experiments, and used for biphasic ligand exchange of CdSe quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A. Volk
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Robert W. Epps
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Daniel Yonemoto
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | | | - Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
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7
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Sun AC, Steyer DJ, Allen AR, Payne EM, Kennedy RT, Stephenson CRJ. A droplet microfluidic platform for high-throughput photochemical reaction discovery. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6202. [PMID: 33273454 PMCID: PMC7712835 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The implementation of continuous flow technology is critical towards enhancing the application of photochemical reactions for industrial process development. However, there are significant time and resource constraints associated with translating discovery scale vial-based batch reactions to continuous flow scale-up conditions. Herein we report the development of a droplet microfluidic platform, which enables high-throughput reaction discovery in flow to generate pharmaceutically relevant compound libraries. This platform allows for enhanced material efficiency, as reactions can be performed on picomole scale. Furthermore, high-throughput data collection via on-line ESI mass spectrometry facilitates the rapid analysis of individual, nanoliter-sized reaction droplets at acquisition rates of 0.3 samples/s. We envision this high-throughput screening platform to expand upon the robust capabilities and impact of photochemical reactions in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel J Steyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anthony R Allen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emory M Payne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert T Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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8
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Abstract
AbstractOscillatory flow reactors (OFRs) superimpose an oscillatory flow to the net movement through a flow reactor. OFRs have been engineered to enable improved mixing, excellent heat- and mass transfer and good plug flow character under a broad range of operating conditions. Such features render these reactors appealing, since they are suitable for reactions that require long residence times, improved mass transfer (such as in biphasic liquid-liquid systems) or to homogeneously suspend solid particles. Various OFR configurations, offering specific features, have been developed over the past two decades, with significant progress still being made. This review outlines the principles and recent advances in OFR technology and overviews the synthetic applications of OFRs for liquid-liquid and solid-liquid biphasic systems.
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9
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Raghuvanshi K, Zhu C, Ramezani M, Menegatti S, Santiso EE, Mason D, Rodgers J, Janka ME, Abolhasani M. Highly Efficient 1-Octene Hydroformylation at Low Syngas Pressure: From Single-Droplet Screening to Continuous Flow Synthesis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Raghuvanshi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Mahdi Ramezani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Erik E. Santiso
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Dawn Mason
- Eastman Chemical Company, Technology, 200 S. Wilcox Dr., Kingsport, Tennessee 37660, United States
| | - Jody Rodgers
- Eastman Chemical Company, Technology, 200 S. Wilcox Dr., Kingsport, Tennessee 37660, United States
| | - Mesfin E. Janka
- Eastman Chemical Company, Technology, 200 S. Wilcox Dr., Kingsport, Tennessee 37660, United States
| | - Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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10
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Sui J, Yan J, Liu D, Wang K, Luo G. Continuous Synthesis of Nanocrystals via Flow Chemistry Technology. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1902828. [PMID: 31755221 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Modern nanotechnologies bring humanity to a new age, and advanced methods for preparing functional nanocrystals are cornerstones. A considerable variety of nanomaterials has been created over the past decades, but few were prepared on the macro scale, even fewer making it to the stage of industrial production. The gap between academic research and engineering production is expected to be filled by flow chemistry technology, which relies on microreactors. Microreaction devices and technologies for synthesizing different kinds of nanocrystals are discussed from an engineering point of view. The advantages of microreactors, the important features of flow chemistry systems, and methods to apply them in the syntheses of salt, oxide, metal, alloy, and quantum dot nanomaterials are summarized. To further exhibit the scaling-up of nanocrystal synthesis, recent reports on using microreactors with gram per hour and larger production rates are highlighted. Finally, an industrial example for preparing 10 tons of CaCO3 nanoparticles per day is introduced, which shows the great potential for flow chemistry processes to transfer lab research to industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Sui
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Junyu Yan
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Di Liu
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kai Wang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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11
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Manipulation of gas-liquid-liquid systems in continuous flow microreactors for efficient reaction processes. J Flow Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-019-00062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGas-liquid-liquid flow in microreactors holds great potential towards process intensification of operation in multiphase systems, particularly by a precise control over the three-phase contact patterns and the associated mass transfer enhancement. This work reviews the manipulation of gas-liquid-liquid three-phase flow in microreactors for carrying out efficient reaction processes, including gas-liquid-liquid reactions with catalysts residing in either liquid phase, coupling of a gas-liquid reaction with the liquid-liquid extraction, inert gas assisted liquid-liquid reactions and particle synthesis under three-phase flow. Microreactors are shown to be able to provide well-defined flow patterns and enhanced gas-liquid/liquid-liquid mass transfer rates towards the optimized system performance. The interplay between hydrodynamics and mass transfer, as well as its influence on the overall microreactor system performance is discussed. Meanwhile, future perspectives regarding the scale-up of gas-liquid-liquid microreactors in order to meet the industrial needs and their potential applications especially in biobased chemicals and fuels synthesis are further addressed.
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12
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Epps RW, Volk AA, Abdel-Latif K, Abolhasani M. An automated flow chemistry platform to decouple mixing and reaction times. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00129e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a flow chemistry platform that decouples precursor mixing rates from reaction time using solely off-the-shelf components. We then utilize this platform towards material-efficient studies of mass transfer-controlled synthesis of inorganic perovskite quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Epps
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Amanda A. Volk
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Kameel Abdel-Latif
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
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13
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Liu Y, Yue J, Xu C, Zhao S, Yao C, Chen G. Hydrodynamics and local mass transfer characterization under gas–liquid–liquid slug flow in a rectangular microchannel. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jun Yue
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Chao Xu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Shuainan Zhao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Chaoqun Yao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Guangwen Chen
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
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14
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Baumgartner LM, Dennis JM, White NA, Buchwald SL, Jensen KF. Use of a Droplet Platform To Optimize Pd-Catalyzed C–N Coupling Reactions Promoted by Organic Bases. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz M. Baumgartner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joseph M. Dennis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nicholas A. White
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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15
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Sontti SG, Pallewar PG, Ghosh AB, Atta A. Understanding the Influence of Rheological Properties of Shear‐Thinning Liquids on Segmented Flow in Microchannel using CLSVOF Based CFD Model. CAN J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Somasekhara Goud Sontti
- Multiscale Computational Fluid Dynamics (mCFD) LaboratoryDepartment of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology KharagpurWest Bengal 721302India
| | - Pankaj G. Pallewar
- Multiscale Computational Fluid Dynamics (mCFD) LaboratoryDepartment of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology KharagpurWest Bengal 721302India
| | - Amritendu Bhuson Ghosh
- Multiscale Computational Fluid Dynamics (mCFD) LaboratoryDepartment of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology KharagpurWest Bengal 721302India
| | - Arnab Atta
- Multiscale Computational Fluid Dynamics (mCFD) LaboratoryDepartment of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology KharagpurWest Bengal 721302India
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16
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Lu S, Wang K. Kinetic study of TBD catalyzed δ-valerolactone polymerization using a gas-driven droplet flow reactor. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00046a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction kinetics of 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) catalyzed δ-valerolactone polymerization was determined using a gas-driven droplet reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Lu
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Kai Wang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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17
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Abstract
This minireview offers an up-to-date overview of enabling tools for biphasic liquid–liquid reactions in flow.
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18
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Zhu C, Raghuvanshi K, Coley CW, Mason D, Rodgers J, Janka ME, Abolhasani M. Flow chemistry-enabled studies of rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8567-8570. [PMID: 29989636 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04650f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present an automated microscale flow chemistry platform for rapid performance evaluation of continuous and discrete reaction parameters in homogeneous hydroformylation reactions. We demonstrate the versatility of the developed microfluidic platform through a systematic study of the effects of a library of phosphine-based ligands on catalytic activity and regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Keshav Raghuvanshi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Connor W Coley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dawn Mason
- Eastman Chemical Company, 200 S. Wilcox Dr., Kingsport, TN 37660, USA
| | - Jody Rodgers
- Eastman Chemical Company, 200 S. Wilcox Dr., Kingsport, TN 37660, USA
| | - Mesfin E Janka
- Eastman Chemical Company, 200 S. Wilcox Dr., Kingsport, TN 37660, USA
| | - Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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19
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Alizadehgiashi M, Khabibullin A, Li Y, Prince E, Abolhasani M, Kumacheva E. Shear-Induced Alignment of Anisotropic Nanoparticles in a Single-Droplet Oscillatory Microfluidic Platform. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:322-330. [PMID: 29202244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Flow-induced alignment of shape-anisotropic colloidal particles is of great importance in fundamental research and in the fabrication of structurally anisotropic materials; however, rheo-optical studies of shear-induced particle orientation are time- and labor-intensive and require complicated experimental setups. We report a single-droplet oscillatory microfluidic strategy integrated with in-line polarized light imaging as a strategy for studies of shear-induced alignment of rod-shape nanoparticles. Using an oscillating droplet of an aqueous isotropic suspension of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), we explore the effect of the shear rate and suspension viscosity on the flow-induced CNC alignment and subsequent relaxation to the isotropic state. The proposed microfluidic strategy enables high-throughput studies of shear-induced orientations in structured liquid under precisely controlled experimental conditions. The results of such studies can be used in the development of structure-anisotropic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moien Alizadehgiashi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Amir Khabibullin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Prince
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University , 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto , 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , 4 Taddle Creek Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
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20
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Shen Y, Abolhasani M, Chen Y, Xie L, Yang L, Coley CW, Bawendi MG, Jensen KF. In-Situ Microfluidic Study of Biphasic Nanocrystal Ligand-Exchange Reactions Using an Oscillatory Flow Reactor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; North Carolina State University; 911 Partners Way Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Lisi Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Connor W. Coley
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Moungi G. Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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21
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Shen Y, Abolhasani M, Chen Y, Xie L, Yang L, Coley CW, Bawendi MG, Jensen KF. In-Situ Microfluidic Study of Biphasic Nanocrystal Ligand-Exchange Reactions Using an Oscillatory Flow Reactor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16333-16337. [PMID: 29073335 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oscillatory flow reactors provide a surface energy-driven approach for automatically screening reaction conditions and studying reaction mechanisms of biphasic nanocrystal ligand-exchange reactions. Sulfide and cysteine ligand-exchange reactions with as-synthesized CdSe quantum dots (QDs) are chosen as two model reactions. Different reaction variables including the new-ligand-to-QD ratio, the size of the particles, and the original ligand type are examined systematically. Based on the in situ-obtained UV/Vis absorption spectra during the reaction, we propose two different exchange pathways for the sulfide exchange reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lisi Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Connor W Coley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Klavs F Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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22
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Liu Y, Yue J, Zhao S, Yao C, Chen G. Bubble splitting under gas-liquid-liquid three-phase flow in a double T-junction microchannel. AIChE J 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Jun Yue
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen; University of Groningen; 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Shuainan Zhao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Chaoqun Yao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Guangwen Chen
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
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23
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Coley CW, Abolhasani M, Lin H, Jensen KF. Material‐Efficient Microfluidic Platform for Exploratory Studies of Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Connor W. Coley
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachsuetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachsuetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University 911 Partners Way Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Hongkun Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachsuetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachsuetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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24
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Coley CW, Abolhasani M, Lin H, Jensen KF. Material‐Efficient Microfluidic Platform for Exploratory Studies of Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Connor W. Coley
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachsuetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachsuetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University 911 Partners Way Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Hongkun Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachsuetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachsuetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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25
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Karl D, Börner P, Misuk V, Löwe H. Opening of New Synthetic Routes Using Segmented Microflow in Multistep Syntheses. Chem Eng Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201600367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Karl
- Fraunhofer ICT-IMM; CAFE - Center for Applied Fluidics and Engineering; Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 18-20 55129 Mainz Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Institute for Organic Chemistry; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Pia Börner
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Institute for Organic Chemistry; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Viktor Misuk
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Institute for Organic Chemistry; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Holger Löwe
- Fraunhofer ICT-IMM; CAFE - Center for Applied Fluidics and Engineering; Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 18-20 55129 Mainz Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Institute for Organic Chemistry; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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26
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Hwang YJ, Coley CW, Abolhasani M, Marzinzik AL, Koch G, Spanka C, Lehmann H, Jensen KF. A segmented flow platform for on-demand medicinal chemistry and compound synthesis in oscillating droplets. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6649-6652. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03584e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An automated flow chemistry platform performs single/multi-phase and single/multi-step chemistries in 14 μL droplets with online analysis and product collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Jin Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Connor W. Coley
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | | | - Guido Koch
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
- CH-4056 Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Carsten Spanka
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
- CH-4056 Basel
- Switzerland
| | | | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
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27
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Kaminski TS, Garstecki P. Controlled droplet microfluidic systems for multistep chemical and biological assays. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:6210-6226. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00717h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics is a relatively new and rapidly evolving field of science focused on studying the hydrodynamics and properties of biphasic flows at the microscale, and on the development of systems for practical applications in chemistry, biology and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. S. Kaminski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - P. Garstecki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
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28
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Abstract
Engineering characteristics of liquid–liquid microflow and its advantages in chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Liantang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Pei Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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29
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Yao C, Liu Y, Zhao S, Dong Z, Chen G. Bubble/droplet formation and mass transfer during gas-liquid-liquid segmented flow with soluble gas in a microchannel. AIChE J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Yao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Shuainan Zhao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhengya Dong
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Guangwen Chen
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing 211816 China
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30
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31
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Abolhasani M, Jensen KF. Oscillatory multiphase flow strategy for chemistry and biology. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2775-2784. [PMID: 27397146 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00728g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Continuous multiphase flow strategies are commonly employed for high-throughput parameter screening of physical, chemical, and biological processes as well as continuous preparation of a wide range of fine chemicals and micro/nano particles with processing times up to 10 min. The inter-dependency of mixing and residence times, and their direct correlation with reactor length have limited the adaptation of multiphase flow strategies for studies of processes with relatively long processing times (0.5-24 h). In this frontier article, we describe an oscillatory multiphase flow strategy to decouple mixing and residence times and enable investigation of longer timescale experiments than typically feasible with conventional continuous multiphase flow approaches. We review current oscillatory multiphase flow technologies, provide an overview of the advancements of this relatively new strategy in chemistry and biology, and close with a perspective on future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 66-342, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Klavs F Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 66-342, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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32
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Lestari G, Salari A, Abolhasani M, Kumacheva E. A microfluidic study of liquid-liquid extraction mediated by carbon dioxide. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2710-2718. [PMID: 27327198 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00597g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid extraction is an important separation and purification method; however, it faces a challenge in reducing the energy consumption and the environmental impact of solvent (extractant) recovery. The reversible chemical reactions of switchable solvents (nitrogenous bases) with carbon dioxide (CO2) can be implemented in reactive liquid-liquid extraction to significantly reduce the cost and energy requirements of solvent recovery. The development of new effective switchable solvents reacting with CO2 and the optimization of extraction conditions rely on the ability to evaluate and screen the performance of switchable solvents in extraction processes. We report a microfluidic strategy for time- and labour-efficient studies of CO2-mediated solvent extraction. The platform utilizes a liquid segment containing an aqueous extractant droplet and a droplet of a solution of a switchable solvent in a non-polar liquid, with gaseous CO2 supplied to the segment from both sides. Following the reaction of the switchable solvent with CO2, the solvent becomes hydrophilic and transfers from the non-polar solvent to the aqueous droplet. By monitoring the time-dependent variation in droplet volumes, we determined the efficiency and extraction time for the CO2-mediated extraction of different nitrogenous bases in a broad experimental parameter space. The platform enables a significant reduction in the amount of switchable solvents used in these studies, provides accurate temporal characterization of the liquid-liquid extraction process, and offers the capability of high-throughput screening of switchable solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Lestari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Alinaghi Salari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 66-525, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada and Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
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33
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Cole KP, Campbell BM, Forst MB, McClary Groh J, Hess M, Johnson MD, Miller RD, Mitchell D, Polster CS, Reizman BJ, Rosemeyer M. An Automated Intermittent Flow Approach to Continuous Suzuki Coupling. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P. Cole
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | | | - Mindy B. Forst
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | | | - Molly Hess
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | | | | | - David Mitchell
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | | | | | - Morgan Rosemeyer
- D&M Continuous Solutions, LLC, Greenwood, Indiana 46143, United States
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34
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Abolhasani M, Coley CW, Jensen KF. Multiphase Oscillatory Flow Strategy for in Situ Measurement and Screening of Partition Coefficients. Anal Chem 2015; 87:11130-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 66-342, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Connor W. Coley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 66-342, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 66-342, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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