1
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Tong R, Liu S, Zhao C, Jiang D, Gao L, Wang W, Ye B, Song Z. 3-Silyl-3-Borylhex-4-Enoate: A Chiral Reagent for Asymmetric Crotylboration of Aldehydes. Org Lett 2022; 24:7822-7827. [PMID: 36250588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A nonracemic 3-silyl-3-borylhex-4-enoate reagent has been developed. Its asymmetric crotylboration of aldehydes provides Z-anti-homoallylic alcohols possessing a trisubstituted vinylsilane in high yields with excellent stereo- and enantioselectivity. Diverse decoration of vinylsilane and ester groups, as well as formation of functionalized THF rings, showcase the potential of the approach in the synthesis of polyketide natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Tong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Song Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dongyang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wanshu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bengui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhenlei Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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2
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Mizukami D, Iio K, Oda M, Onodera Y, Fuwa H. Tandem Macrolactone Synthesis: Total Synthesis of (-)-Exiguolide by a Macrocyclization/Transannular Pyran Cyclization Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202549. [PMID: 35243740 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydropyran-containing macrolactones were synthesized by integrating Meyer-Schuster rearrangement, macrocyclic ring-closing metathesis, and transannular oxa-Michael addition under gold and ruthenium catalysis. Single-step access to a variety of 14- to 20-membered macrolactones containing a tetrahydropyran ring was possible from readily available linear precursors in good yields and with moderate to excellent diastereoselectivity. A 13-step synthesis of (-)-exiguolide, an anticancer marine macrolide, showcased the feasibility of our tandem reaction sequence for macrolactone synthesis and also demonstrated the power of transannular reactions for rapid assembly of the tetrahydropyran rings of the target natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Mizukami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Kei Iio
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Mami Oda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Yu Onodera
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8577, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Fuwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
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3
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Mizukami D, Iio K, Oda M, Onodera Y, Fuwa H. Tandem Macrolactone Synthesis: Total Synthesis of (−)‐Exiguolide by a Macrocyclization/Transannular Pyran Cyclization Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Mizukami
- Chuo University - Korakuen Campus: Chuo Daigaku - Korakuen Campus Department of Applied Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Kei Iio
- Chuo University - Korakuen Campus: Chuo Daigaku - Korakuen Campus Department of Applied Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Mami Oda
- Chuo University - Korakuen Campus: Chuo Daigaku - Korakuen Campus Department of Applied Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Yu Onodera
- Tohoku University - Katahira Campus: Tohoku Daigaku Graduate School of Life Sciences JAPAN
| | - Haruhiko Fuwa
- Chuo University Department of Applied Chemistry 1-13-27 KasugaBunkyo-ku 112-8551 Tokyo JAPAN
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4
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Fuwa H. Total Synthesis of (−)-Exiguolide, a Potent Anticancer Marine Macrolide. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-22-983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Heravi MM, Momeni T, Zadsirjan V, Mohammadi L. Application of The Dess-Martin Oxidation in Total Synthesis of Natural Products. Curr Org Synth 2020; 18:125-196. [PMID: 32940184 DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666200917102634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dess-Martin periodinane (DMP), a commercially available chemical, is frequently utilized as a mild oxidative agent for the selective oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes and ketones, respectively. DMP shows several merits over other common oxidative agents such as chromiumand DMSO-based oxidants; thus, it is habitually employed in the total synthesis of natural products. In this review, we try to underscore the applications of DMP as an effective oxidant in an appropriate step (steps) in the multi-step total synthesis of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, POBox 1993891176, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebe Momeni
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, POBox 1993891176, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, POBox 1993891176, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, POBox 1993891176, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Rivas A, Pequerul R, Barracco V, Domínguez M, López S, Jiménez R, Parés X, Alvarez R, Farrés J, de Lera AR. Synthesis of C11-to-C14 methyl-shifted all-trans-retinal analogues and their activities on human aldo-keto reductases. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4788-4801. [PMID: 32530010 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01084g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are enzymes involved in the reduction, among other substrates, of all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinol (vitamin A), thus contributing to the control of the levels of retinoids in organisms. Structure-activity relationship studies of a series of C11-to-C14 methyl-shifted (relative to natural C13-methyl) all-trans-retinal analogues as putative substrates of AKRs have been reported. The synthesis of these retinoids was based on the formation of a C10-C11 single bond of the pentaene skeleton starting from a trienyl iodide and the corresponding dienylstannanes and dienylsilanes, using the Stille-Kosugi-Migita and Hiyama-Denmark cross-coupling reactions, respectively. Since these reagents differ by the location and presence of methyl groups at the dienylorganometallic fragment, the study also provided insights into the ability of the different positional isomers to undergo cross-coupling and the sensitivity of these processes to steric hindrance. The resulting C11-to-C14 methyl-shifted all-trans-retinal analogues were found to be active substrates when tested with AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 enzymes, although relevant differences in substrate specificities were noted. For AKR1B1, all analogues exhibited higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than parent all-trans-retinal. In addition, only all-trans-11-methylretinal, the most hydrophobic derivative, showed a higher value of kcat/Km = 106 000 ± 23 200 mM-1 min-1 for AKR1B10, which is in fact the highest value from all known retinoid substrates of this enzyme. The novel structures, identified as efficient AKR substrates, may serve in the design of selective inhibitors with potential pharmacological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurea Rivas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, CINBIO and IIS Galicia Sur, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Raquel Pequerul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vito Barracco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain and Department of Biology, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Domínguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, CINBIO and IIS Galicia Sur, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Susana López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago, Spain
| | - Rafael Jiménez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Parés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosana Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, CINBIO and IIS Galicia Sur, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Jaume Farrés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel R de Lera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, CINBIO and IIS Galicia Sur, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain.
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7
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Kämmler L, Maier ME. Total Synthesis of Biselyngbyolide B and Its C21–C22 Z-Isomer. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4554-4567. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Kämmler
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin E. Maier
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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8
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Díez-Poza C, Barbero A. Synthesis of O- and N-Heterocycles by Silyl-Prins Cyclization of Allylsilanes. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Díez-Poza
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Valladolid; Campus Miguel Delibes 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - Asunción Barbero
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Valladolid; Campus Miguel Delibes 47011 Valladolid Spain
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9
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Zhang S, Cai J, Yamamoto Y, Bao M. Palladium-Catalyzed sp2–sp3 Coupling of Chloromethylarenes with Allyltrimethoxysilane: Synthesis of Allyl Arenes. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5974-5980. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jinfang Cai
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yoshinori Yamamoto
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
- WPI-AIMR
(WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Ming Bao
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
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10
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Fuwa H, Sasaki M. Exploiting Ruthenium Carbene-Catalyzed Reactions in Total Synthesis of Marine Oxacyclic Natural Products. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2015. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Gan Z, Chu Z, Hu J, Su Z, Hu C, Gao L, Song Z. Tunable reactivity of geminal bis(silyl) enol derivatives leading to selective exo-IEDDA or Sakurai allylation with a β,γ-unsaturated ketoester. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:10137-40. [PMID: 27457733 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04593f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Two contrasting pathways in a SnCl4-catalyzed reaction of geminal bis(silyl) enol derivatives with β,γ-unsaturated ketoesters have been achieved by tuning the R group in the enol moiety. While the electron-donating Bn-substituted enol ether undergoes an exo-selective inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction to give dihydropyran, the electron-withdrawing Ac-substituted enol ester reacts as an allylsilane to provide a Sakurai-allylated product with predominant syn-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubao Gan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Zhiwen Chu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Changwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Lu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Zhenlei Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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13
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Foubelo F, Nájera C, Yus M. The Hiyama Cross-Coupling Reaction: New Discoveries. CHEM REC 2016; 16:2521-2533. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Li L, Sun X, He Y, Gao L, Song Z. TMSBr/InBr3-promoted Prins cyclization/homobromination of dienyl alcohol with aldehyde to construct cis-THP containing an exocyclic E-alkene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:14925-8. [PMID: 26303284 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06270e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A TMSBr/InBr3-promoted Prins cyclization/homobromination reaction of dienyl alcohol with aldehyde has been developed to construct a unique cis-E THP shown as the A ring in (-)-exiguolide and the B ring in bryostatins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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15
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Liu Z, Lin X, Yang N, Su Z, Hu C, Xiao P, He Y, Song Z. Unique Steric Effect of Geminal Bis(silane) To Control the High Exo-selectivity in Intermolecular Diels–Alder Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1877-83. [PMID: 26799581 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zengjin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug
Delivery System,
Ministry of Education, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China
School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xinglong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug
Delivery System,
Ministry of Education, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China
School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Na Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Changwei Hu
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Peihong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug
Delivery System,
Ministry of Education, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China
School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yanyang He
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug
Delivery System,
Ministry of Education, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China
School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhenlei Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug
Delivery System,
Ministry of Education, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China
School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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16
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Abstract
A concise total synthesis of (-)-exiguolide has been completed in an overall 2.8% yield over 20 steps in the longest linear path. The key strategies involve (1) Prins cyclization/homobromination of dienyl alcohol with the B ring-substituted aldehyde, prepared by Prins cyclization/bromination, to construct the A ring with excellent cis-Z stereochemical control and (2) an unusual side chain installation/macrocyclization strategy featuring Sonogashira cross-coupling followed by a ring-closing metathesis reaction to deliver the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, ‡State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Hengmu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, ‡State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Hongze Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, ‡State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Lu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, ‡State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhenlei Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, ‡State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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