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Kass D, Larson VA, Corona T, Kuhlmann U, Hildebrandt P, Lohmiller T, Bill E, Lehnert N, Ray K. Trapping of a phenoxyl radical at a non-haem high-spin iron(II) centre. Nat Chem 2024; 16:658-665. [PMID: 38216752 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The activation of dioxygen at haem and non-haem metal centres, and subsequent functionalization of unactivated C‒H bonds, has been a focal point of much research. In iron-mediated oxidation reactions, O2 binding at an iron(II) centre is often accompanied by an oxidation of the iron centre. Here we demonstrate dioxygen activation by sodium tetraphenylborate and protons in the presence of an iron(II) complex to form a reactive radical species, whereby the iron oxidation state remains unaltered in the presence of a highly oxidizing phenoxyl radical and O2. This complex, containing an unusual iron(II)-phenoxyl radical motif, represents an elusive example of a spectroscopically characterized oxygen-derived iron(II)-reactive intermediate during chemical and biological dioxygen activation at haem and non-haem iron active centres. The present report opens up strategies for the stabilization of a phenoxyl radical cofactor, with its full oxidizing capabilities, to act as an independent redox centre next to an iron(II) site during substrate oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Kass
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Virginia A Larson
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Teresa Corona
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Kuhlmann
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Lohmiller
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- EPR4Energy Joint Lab, Department Spins in Energy Conversion and Quantum Information Science, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Nicolai Lehnert
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Kallol Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Vitkova A, Walker SJI, Sykulska-Lawrence H. Cryogenically induced signal enhancement of Raman spectra of porphyrin molecules. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3307-3314. [PMID: 35968707 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00538g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique in contemporary medicine and biomedical research due to its exceptional ability to provide an unambiguous spectroscopic signature of the molecular chemical composition, structure and atom arrangements. Among other applications, investigations of the Raman spectra of porphyrins and their derivatives have been critical in the study of ligand binding mechanisms and drug interactions with healthy and diseased blood cells, as well as for the analysis of blood, hemoproteins and the oxygenation process of human erythrocyte. However, obtaining Raman spectra with satisfactory definition of porphyrin-based molecules can be challenging due to their inherent photo- and thermal sensitivity which leads to laser damage even at low laser power. This severely affects the Raman spectra of porphyrins and limits the Raman signal strength and spectra quality. In this study, we examine two important porphyrins, hemin and protoporphyrin IX, at cryogenic temperatures down to 77 K using a 532 nm excitation Raman instrument in order to study the Raman signal strength and spectral quality dependence on the sample temperature at these extreme low temperatures. We report a significant Raman signal enhancement of up to 310% in the spectra at cryogenic temperatures compared to room temperature measurements. This provides a remarkable improvement of the quality and definition within the spectra and demonstrates that cryogenic Raman measurements can be used as an exceptionally effective method of enhancing the Raman signal and spectra quality for investigations of porphyrins and their derivatives regardless of the excitation wavelength selection. This can greatly improve the effectiveness of Raman spectroscopy in biomedical research, especially in the field of drug design and development, medical diagnostics and disease monitoring and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria Vitkova
- Astronautics Research Group, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Scott J I Walker
- Astronautics Research Group, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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3
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Davydov R, Herzog AE, Jodts RJ, Karlin KD, Hoffman BM. End-On Copper(I) Superoxo and Cu(II) Peroxo and Hydroperoxo Complexes Generated by Cryoreduction/Annealing and Characterized by EPR/ENDOR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:377-389. [PMID: 34981938 PMCID: PMC8785356 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we investigate the physical and chemical properties of monocopper Cu(I) superoxo and Cu(II) peroxo and hydroperoxo complexes. These are prepared by cryoreduction/annealing of the parent [LCuI(O2)]+ Cu(I) dioxygen adducts with the tripodal, N4-coordinating, tetradentate ligands L = PVtmpa, DMMtmpa, TMG3tren and are best described as [LCuII(O2•-)]+ Cu(II) complexes that possess end-on (η1-O2•-) superoxo coordination. Cryogenic γ-irradiation (77 K) of the EPR-silent parent complexes generates mobile electrons from the solvent that reduce the [LCuII(O2•-)]+ within the frozen matrix, trapping the reduced form fixed in the structure of the parent complex. Cryoannealing, namely progressively raising the temperature of a frozen sample in stages and then cooling back to low temperature at each stage for examination, tracks the reduced product as it relaxes its structure and undergoes chemical transformations. We employ EPR and ENDOR (electron-nuclear double resonance) as powerful spectroscopic tools for examining the properties of the states that form. Surprisingly, the primary products of reduction of the Cu(II) superoxo species are metastable cuprous superoxo [LCuI(O2•-)]+ complexes. During annealing to higher temperatures this state first undergoes internal electron transfer (IET) to form the end-on Cu(II) peroxo state, which is then protonated to form Cu(II)-OOH species. This is the first time these methods, which have been used to determine key details of metalloenzyme catalytic cycles and are a powerful tools for tracking PCET reactions, have been applied to copper coordination compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Davydov
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Austin E Herzog
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Richard J Jodts
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Kenneth D Karlin
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Brian M Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
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Self-Assembled Nanoscaled Metalloporphyrin for Optical Detection of Dimethylmethylphosphonate. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7689183. [PMID: 31011578 PMCID: PMC6442447 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7689183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly approach has been widely adopted in the effort to design and prepare functional materials. Herein, we report the synthesis and optical properties of metalloporphyrin nanoparticles. Nanoscaled particles of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin manganese (MnTPP) and 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin indium (InTPP) were produced in the water/dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) mixed solution by self-assembly approach. The absorbance intensity at the characteristic peak of the monomeric and nanoscaled metalloporphyrins decreased when they interact with dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP). Detection limits of MnTPP and InTPP nanoparticles to DMMP were 10−9 and 10−10 L/L, respectively, and detection limits of monomeric MnTPP and InTPP to DMMP were 10−6 and 10−7 L/L, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on MnTPP and InTPP with DMMP as axial ligands had been performed in the B3LYP/6-31g (d) approximation. Their optimized geometries and binding energies were found to depend very strongly on the central metal ion, and InTPP was more sensitive for DMMP detection in contract to MnTPP. All the experimental and theoretical results demonstrated that nanoscaled metalloporphyrin have potential prospects in determination for public safety.
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Fukuzumi S, Lee YM, Nam W. Structure and reactivity of the first-row d-block metal-superoxo complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9469-9489. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01402k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the structure and reactivity of metal-superoxo complexes covering all ten first-row d-block metals from Sc to Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 03760
- Korea
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 03760
- Korea
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 03760
- Korea
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation
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6
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Zhao Y, Yu G, Wang F, Wei P, Liu J. Bioinspired Transition‐Metal Complexes as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Chemistry 2018; 25:3726-3739. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye‐Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry & Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Guo‐Qiang Yu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry & Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Fei‐Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry & Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Ping‐Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry & Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Jin‐Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry & Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
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7
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Adam SM, Wijeratne GB, Rogler PJ, Diaz DE, Quist DA, Liu JJ, Karlin KD. Synthetic Fe/Cu Complexes: Toward Understanding Heme-Copper Oxidase Structure and Function. Chem Rev 2018; 118:10840-11022. [PMID: 30372042 PMCID: PMC6360144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heme-copper oxidases (HCOs) are terminal enzymes on the mitochondrial or bacterial respiratory electron transport chain, which utilize a unique heterobinuclear active site to catalyze the 4H+/4e- reduction of dioxygen to water. This process involves a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) from a tyrosine (phenolic) residue and additional redox events coupled to transmembrane proton pumping and ATP synthesis. Given that HCOs are large, complex, membrane-bound enzymes, bioinspired synthetic model chemistry is a promising approach to better understand heme-Cu-mediated dioxygen reduction, including the details of proton and electron movements. This review encompasses important aspects of heme-O2 and copper-O2 (bio)chemistries as they relate to the design and interpretation of small molecule model systems and provides perspectives from fundamental coordination chemistry, which can be applied to the understanding of HCO activity. We focus on recent advancements from studies of heme-Cu models, evaluating experimental and computational results, which highlight important fundamental structure-function relationships. Finally, we provide an outlook for future potential contributions from synthetic inorganic chemistry and discuss their implications with relevance to biological O2-reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. Adam
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Gayan B. Wijeratne
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Patrick J. Rogler
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Daniel E. Diaz
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David A. Quist
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jeffrey J. Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kenneth D. Karlin
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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8
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Baglia RA, Zaragoza JPT, Goldberg DP. Biomimetic Reactivity of Oxygen-Derived Manganese and Iron Porphyrinoid Complexes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13320-13352. [PMID: 28991451 PMCID: PMC6058703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Heme proteins utilize the heme cofactor, an iron porphyrin, to perform a diverse range of reactions including dioxygen binding and transport, electron transfer, and oxidation/oxygenations. These reactions share several key metalloporphyrin intermediates, typically derived from dioxygen and its congeners such as hydrogen peroxide. These species are composed of metal-dioxygen, metal-superoxo, metal-peroxo, and metal-oxo adducts. A wide variety of synthetic metalloporphyrinoid complexes have been synthesized to generate and stabilize these intermediates. These complexes have been studied to determine the spectroscopic features, structures, and reactivities of such species in controlled and well-defined environments. In this Review, we summarize recent findings on the reactivity of these species with common porphyrinoid scaffolds employed for biomimetic studies. The proposed mechanisms of action are emphasized. This Review is organized by structural type of metal-oxygen intermediate and broken into subsections based on the metal (manganese and iron) and porphyrinoid ligand (porphyrin, corrole, and corrolazine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina A. Baglia
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jan Paulo T. Zaragoza
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David P. Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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9
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Ohta T, Nagaraju P, Liu JG, Ogura T, Naruta Y. The secondary coordination sphere and axial ligand effects on oxygen reduction reaction by iron porphyrins: a DFT computational study. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 21:745-55. [PMID: 27501847 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1380-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyzed by a bio-inspired iron porphyrin bearing a hanging carboxylic acid group over the porphyrin ring, and a tethered axial imidazole ligand was studied by DFT calculations. BP86 free energy calculations of the redox potentials and pK a's of reaction components involved in the proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions of the ferric-hydroxo and -superoxo complexes were performed based on Born-Haber thermodynamic cycle in conjunction with a continuum solvation model. The comparison was made with iron porphyrins that lack either in the hanging acid group or axial ligand, suggesting that H-bond interaction between the carboxylic acid and iron-bound hydroxo, aquo, superoxo, and peroxo ligands (de)stabilizes the Fe-O bonding, resulting in the increase in the reduction potential of the ferric complexes. The axial ligand interaction with the imidazole raises the affinity of the iron-bound superoxo and peroxo ligands for proton. In addition, a low-spin end-on ferric-hydroperoxo intermediate, a key precursor for O-O cleavage, can be stabilized in the presence of axial ligation. Thus, selective and efficient ORR of iron porphyrin can be achieved with the aid of the secondary coordination sphere and axial ligand interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Ohta
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, RSC-UH LP Center, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan. .,Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Perumandla Nagaraju
- Institute of Science and Technology Research, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan.,Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Jin-Gang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, RSC-UH LP Center, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Naruta
- Institute of Science and Technology Research, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan.,Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
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Nagaraju P, Ohta T, Liu JG, Ogura T, Naruta Y. The secondary coordination sphere controlled reactivity of a ferric-superoxo heme: unexpected conversion to a ferric hydroperoxo intermediate by reaction with a high-spin ferrous heme. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7213-6. [PMID: 27105471 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02162j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A bio-inspired heme complex involving both a proton donor and an axial imidazole ligand reduces the activation energy for the formation of a ferric hydroperoxo intermediate. A high-spin ferrous heme is shown to be capable of reducing its superoxy species to generate a ferric hydroperoxo intermediate for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumandla Nagaraju
- Institute of Science and Technology Research, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
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