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Ratwani CR, Zhao S, Huang Y, Hadfield M, Kamali AR, Abdelkader AM. Surface Modification of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets for Intrinsically Self-Healing Hydrogels with Enhanced Mechanical Properties. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207081. [PMID: 36861293 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties and efficient self-healing characteristics can change how the artificially engineered materials' life cycle is perceived. Improved adhesion of nanomaterials with the host matrix can drastically improve the structural properties and confer the material with repeatable bonding/debonding capabilities. In this work, exfoliated 2H-WS2 nanosheets are modified using an organic thiol to impart hydrogen bonding sites on the otherwise inert nanosheets by surface functionalization. These modified nanosheets are incorporated within the PVA hydrogel matrix and analyzed for their contribution to the composite's intrinsic self-healing and mechanical strength. The resulting hydrogel forms a highly flexible macrostructure with an impressive enhancement in mechanical properties and a very high autonomous healing efficiency of 89.92%. Interesting changes in the surface properties after functionalization show that such modification is highly suitable for water-based polymeric systems. Probing into the healing mechanism using advanced spectroscopic techniques reveals the formation of a stable cyclic structure on the surface of nanosheets, mainly responsible for the improved healing response. This work opens an avenue toward the development of self-healing nanocomposites where chemically inert nanoparticles participate in the healing network rather than just mechanically reinforcing the matrix by slender adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag R Ratwani
- Department of Design and Engineering, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Poole, BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Shengxi Zhao
- Energy and Environmental Materials Research Centre (E2MC), School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Design and Engineering, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Poole, BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Mark Hadfield
- Department of Design and Engineering, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Poole, BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Ali Reza Kamali
- Energy and Environmental Materials Research Centre (E2MC), School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Amr M Abdelkader
- Department of Design and Engineering, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Poole, BH12 5BB, UK
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2
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Lam D, Lebedev D, Kuo L, Sangwan VK, Szydłowska BM, Ferraresi F, Söll A, Sofer Z, Hersam MC. Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Magnetically and Optoelectronically Active Ruthenium Trichloride Nanosheets. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11315-11324. [PMID: 35714054 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
α-RuCl3 is a layered transition metal halide that possesses a range of exotic magnetic, optical, and electronic properties including fractional excitations indicative of a proximate Kitaev quantum spin liquid (QSL). While previous reports have explored these properties on idealized single crystals or mechanically exfoliated samples, the scalable production of α-RuCl3 nanosheets has not yet been demonstrated. Here, we perform liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) of α-RuCl3 through an electrochemically assisted approach, which yields ultrathin, electron-doped α-RuCl3 nanosheets that are then assembled into electrically conductive large-area thin films. The crystalline integrity of the α-RuCl3 nanosheets following LPE is confirmed through a wide range of structural and chemical analyses. Moreover, the physical properties of the LPE α-RuCl3 nanosheets are investigated through electrical, optical, and magnetic characterization methods, which reveal a structural phase transition at 230 K that is consistent with the onset of Kitaev paramagnetism in addition to an antiferromagnetic transition at 2.6 K. Intercalated ions from the electrochemical LPE protocol favorably alter the optical response of the α-RuCl3 nanosheets, enabling large-area Mott insulator photodetectors that operate at telecommunications-relevant infrared wavelengths near 1.55 μm. These photodetectors show a linear photocurrent response as a function of incident power, which suggests negligible trap-mediated recombination or photothermal effects, ultimately resulting in a photoresponsivity of ≈2 mA/W.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dmitry Lebedev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lidia Kuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinod K Sangwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Beata M Szydłowska
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Filippo Ferraresi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Aljoscha Söll
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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3
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High-Yield Production of Selected 2D Materials by Understanding Their Sonication-Assisted Liquid-Phase Exfoliation. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123253. [PMID: 34947601 PMCID: PMC8705847 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) is a widely used and promising method for the production of 2D nanomaterials because it can be scaled up relatively easily. Nevertheless, the yields achieved by this process are still low, ranging between 2% and 5%, which makes the large-scale production of these materials difficult. In this report, we investigate the cause of these low yields by examining the sonication-assisted LPE of graphene, boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs), and molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MoS2 NS). Our results show that the low yields are caused by an equilibrium that is formed between the exfoliated nanosheets and the flocculated ones during the sonication process. This study provides an understanding of this behaviour, which prevents further exfoliation of nanosheets. By avoiding this equilibrium, we were able to increase the total yields of graphene, BNNSs, and MoS2 NS up to 14%, 44%, and 29%, respectively. Here, we demonstrate a modified LPE process that leads to the high-yield production of 2D nanomaterials.
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4
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Maddalena L, Benselfelt T, Gomez J, Hamedi MM, Fina A, Wågberg L, Carosio F. Polyelectrolyte-Assisted Dispersions of Reduced Graphite Oxide Nanoplates in Water and Their Gas-Barrier Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:43301-43313. [PMID: 34474558 PMCID: PMC8447182 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dispersion of graphene and related materials in water is needed to enable sustainable processing of these 2D materials. In this work, we demonstrate the capability of branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) to stabilize reduced graphite oxide (rGO) dispersions in water. Atomic force microscopy colloidal probe measurements were carried out to investigate the interaction mechanisms between rGO and the polyelectrolytes (PEs). Our results show that for positive PEs, the interaction appears electrostatic, originating from the weak negative charge of graphene in water. For negative PEs, however, van der Waals forces may result in the formation of a PE shell on rGO. The PE-stabilized rGO dispersions were then used for the preparation of coatings to enhance gas barrier properties of polyethylene terephthalate films using the layer-by-layer self-assembly. Ten bilayers of rGOBPEI/rGOPAA resulted in coatings with excellent barrier properties as demonstrated by oxygen transmission rates below detection limits [<0.005 cm3/(m2 day atm)]. The observed excellent performance is ascribed to both the high density of the deposited coating and its efficient stratification. These results can enable the design of highly efficient gas barrier solutions for demanding applications, including oxygen-sensitive pharmaceutical products or flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Maddalena
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Tobias Benselfelt
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julio Gomez
- AVANZARE
Innovacion Tecnologica S.L., 26370 Navarrete, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Mahiar Max Hamedi
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federico Carosio
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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5
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Li Z, Dong J, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhuang T, Wang H, Cui X, Wang Z. A power-triggered preparation strategy of nano-structured inorganics: sonosynthesis. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2423-2447. [PMID: 36134164 PMCID: PMC9418414 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound irradiation covers many chemical reactions crucially aiming to design and synthesize various structured materials as an enduring trend in frontier research studies. Here, we focus on the latest progress of ultrasound-assisted synthesis and present the basic principles or mechanisms of sonosynthesis (or sonochemical synthesis) from ultrasound irradiation in a brand new way, including primary sonosynthesis, secondary sonosynthesis, and synergetic sonosynthesis. This current review describes in detail the various sonochemical synthesis strategies for nano-structured inorganic materials and the unique aspects of products including the size, morphology, structure, and properties. In addition, the review points out the probable challenges and technological potential for future advancement. We hope that such a review can provide a comprehensive understanding of sonosynthesis and emphasize the great significance of structured materials synthesis as a power-induced strategy broadening the updated applications of ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfeng Li
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University 266071 Qingdao China
| | - Jun Dong
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University 266071 Qingdao China
| | - Lun Wang
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University 266071 Qingdao China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University 130012 Changchun China
- Junan Sub-Bureau of Linyi Ecological Environmental Bureau 276600 Linyi China
| | - Tingting Zhuang
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University 266071 Qingdao China
| | - Huiqi Wang
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University 266071 Qingdao China
| | - Xuejun Cui
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University 130012 Changchun China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University 266071 Qingdao China
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6
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Kaur H, Tian R, Roy A, McCrystall M, Horvath DV, Lozano Onrubia G, Smith R, Ruether M, Griffin A, Backes C, Nicolosi V, Coleman JN. Production of Quasi-2D Platelets of Nonlayered Iron Pyrite (FeS 2) by Liquid-Phase Exfoliation for High Performance Battery Electrodes. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13418-13432. [PMID: 32960568 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, two-dimensional (2D) materials have been studied and exploited for many applications. In many cases, 2D materials are formed by the exfoliation of layered crystals such as transition-metal disulfides. However, it has recently become clear that it is possible to exfoliate nonlayered materials so long as they have a nonisotropic bonding arrangement. Here, we report the synthesis of 2D-platelets from the earth-abundant, nonlayered metal sulfide, iron pyrite (FeS2), using liquid-phase exfoliation. The resultant 2D platelets exhibit the same crystal structure as bulk pyrite but are surface passivated with a density of 14 × 1018 groups/m2. They form stable suspensions in common solvents and can be size-selected and liquid processed. Although the platelets have relatively low aspect ratios (∼5), this is in line with the anisotropic cleavage energy of bulk FeS2. We observe size-dependent changes to optical properties leading to spectroscopic metrics that can be used to estimate the dimensions of platelets. These platelets can be used to produce lithium ion battery anodes with capacities approaching 1000 mAh/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harneet Kaur
- CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D2, Ireland
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D2, Ireland
| | - Ruiyuan Tian
- CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D2, Ireland
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D2, Ireland
| | - Ahin Roy
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D2, Ireland
| | - Mark McCrystall
- CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D2, Ireland
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D2, Ireland
| | - Dominik Valter Horvath
- CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D2, Ireland
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D2, Ireland
| | - Guillermo Lozano Onrubia
- Chair of Applied Physical Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ross Smith
- CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D2, Ireland
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D2, Ireland
| | - Manuel Ruether
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D2, Ireland
| | - Aideen Griffin
- CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D2, Ireland
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D2, Ireland
| | - Claudia Backes
- Chair of Applied Physical Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valeria Nicolosi
- CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D2, Ireland
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D2, Ireland
| | - Jonathan N Coleman
- CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D2, Ireland
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D2, Ireland
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7
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Wang J, Liu X, Jiang X, Zhang L, Hou C, Su G, Wang L, Mu Y, Shen J. Nitrate stimulation of N-Methylpyrrolidone biodegradation by Paracoccus pantotrophus: Metabolite mechanism and Genomic characterization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 294:122185. [PMID: 31569046 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to the toxicological nature of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), the conventional anaerobic bioprocess is quite ineffective for NMP removal from wastewater. In order to achieve effective NMP biodegradation under anoxic condition, Paracoccus pantotrophus NJUST38 was isolated for the first time. The supplementation of nitrate into anoxic system resulted in complete removal of 5 mM NMP by NJUST38 within 11 h compared to 24% in the anaerobic control system in the absence of nitrate. Genome characterization revealed that NMP biodegradation catalyzed by several key enzymes/genes, including N-methylhydantoin amidohydrolase (hyuB), methyltransferase (cobA), 4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase (gabT), succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (gabD) and so on. NMP biodegradation pathway was proposed based on several intermediates, where NMP was biodegraded mainly for providing electrons and reducing power to support microbial denitrification through tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The proposed mechanism should aid our mechanistic understanding of NMP biodegradation by Paracoccus pantotrophus and the development of sustainable bioremediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xinbai Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Cheng Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Guanyong Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yang Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jinyou Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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8
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Lee HJ, Lim J, Cho SY, Kim H, Lee C, Lee GY, Sasikala SP, Yun T, Choi DS, Jeong MS, Jung HT, Hong S, Kim SO. Intact Crystalline Semiconducting Graphene Nanoribbons from Unzipping Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:38006-38015. [PMID: 31544452 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Unzipping carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may offer a valuable route to synthesize graphene nanoribbon (GNR) structures with semiconducting properties. Unfortunately, currently available unzipping methods commonly rely on a random harsh chemical reaction and thereby cause significant degradation of the crystalline structure and electrical properties of GNRs. Herein, crystalline semiconducting GNRs are achieved by a synergistic, judiciously designed two-step unzipping method for N-doped CNTs (NCNTs). NCNTs are effectively unzipped by damage-minimized, dopant-specific electrochemical unzipping and subsequent sonochemical treatment into long ribbon-like nanostructures with crystalline basal planes. Owing to the nanoscale dimension originating from the dense nucleation of the unzipping reaction at highly NCNTs, the resultant GNRs demonstrate semiconducting properties, which can be exploited for chemiresistor-type gas-sensing devices and many other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soo-Yeon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | | | - Chanwoo Lee
- Department of Energy Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP) , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Mun Seok Jeong
- Department of Energy Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP) , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
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9
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Amorim Graf A, Large MJ, Ogilvie SP, Rong Y, Lynch PJ, Fratta G, Ray S, Shmeliov A, Nicolosi V, Arenal R, King AAK, Dalton AB. Sonochemical edge functionalisation of molybdenum disulfide. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:15550-15560. [PMID: 31393511 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04974f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) has been shown to be capable of producing large quantities of high-quality dispersions suitable for processing into subsequent applications. LPE typically requires surfactants for aqueous dispersions or organic solvents with high boiling point. However, they have major drawbacks such as toxicity, aggregation during solvent evaporation or the presence of residues. Here, dispersions of molybdenum disulfide in acetone are prepared and show much higher concentration and stability than predicted by Hansen parameter analysis. Aiming to understand these enhanced properties, the nanosheets were characterised using UV-visible spectroscopy, zeta potential measurements, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning transmission microscopy combined with spatially-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy. Also, the performance of the MoS2 nanosheets exfoliated in acetone was compared to that of those exfoliated in isopropanol as a catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. The conclusion from the chemical characterisation was that MoS2 nanosheets exfoliated in acetone have an oxygen edge functionalisation, in the form of molybdenum oxides, changing its interaction with solvents and explaining the observed high-quality and stability of the resulting dispersion in a low boiling point solvent. Exfoliation in acetone could potentially be applied as a pretreatment to modify the solubility of MoS2 by edge functionalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Santanu Ray
- Surface Analysis Laboratory, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Aleksey Shmeliov
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Chemistry, CRANN, AMBER & I-Form, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Valeria Nicolosi
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Chemistry, CRANN, AMBER & I-Form, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Raul Arenal
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas, Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain and ARAID Foundation, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain and Instituto de Ciencias de Materiales de Aragon, CSIC-U, de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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10
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Rodríguez-Laguna MDR, Gómez-Romero P, Sotomayor Torres CM, Chavez-Angel E. Modification of the Raman Spectra in Graphene-Based Nanofluids and Its Correlation with Thermal Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9050804. [PMID: 31130687 PMCID: PMC6566612 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that by dispersing nanoparticles in a fluid, the thermal conductivity of the resulting nanofluid tends to increase with the concentration of nanoparticles. However, it is not clear what the mechanism behind this phenomenon is. Raman spectroscopy is a characterization technique connecting the molecular and macroscopic world, and therefore, it can unravel the puzzling effect exerted by the nanomaterial on the fluid. In this work, we report on a comparative study on the thermal conductivity, vibrational spectra and viscosity of graphene nanofluids based on three different amides: N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc); N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF); and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP). A set of concentrations of highly stable surfactant-free graphene nanofluids developed in-house was prepared and characterized. A correlation between the modification of the vibrational spectra of the fluids and an increase in their thermal conductivity in the presence of graphene was confirmed. Furthermore, an explanation of the non-modification of the thermal conductivity in graphene-NMP nanofluids is given based on its structure and a peculiar arrangement of the fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Rocío Rodríguez-Laguna
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pedro Gómez-Romero
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Clivia M Sotomayor Torres
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Emigdio Chavez-Angel
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Qin J, Wang X, Jiang Q, Cao M. Optimizing Dispersion, Exfoliation, Synthesis, and Device Fabrication of Inorganic Nanomaterials Using Hansen Solubility Parameters. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1069-1097. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Qiwang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Minhua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
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12
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Ko JH, Lee H, Choi J, Jang JY, Lee SM, Kim HJ, Ko YJ, Son SU. Microporous organic polymer-induced gel electrolytes for enhanced operation stability of electrochromic devices. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01277f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gel electrolytes were synthesized by the formation of microporous organic polymers in the presence of LiClO4 and NMP, showing enhanced operation stability of electrochromic cells, compared with liquid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hong Ko
- Department of Chemistry
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Korea
| | - Hyunjae Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Korea
| | - Jaewon Choi
- Department of Chemistry
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Korea
| | - June Young Jang
- Department of Chemistry
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Korea
| | | | - Hae Jin Kim
- Korea Basic Science Institute
- Daejeon 34133
- Korea
| | - Yoon-Joo Ko
- Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
- National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities (NCIRF)
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
| | - Seung Uk Son
- Department of Chemistry
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Korea
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13
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Damasceno JPV, Zarbin AJ. Electrostatic stabilization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed in nonaqueous media. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 529:187-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Hijazi I, Khedhiri K, Campidelli S. Grafting of porphyrin oligomers on single-walled carbon nanotubes by Hay coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6767-6772. [PMID: 30191229 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01577e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of nanotube-based functional materials is still limited by the difficulty in incorporating highly engineered molecules onto the nanotube surface. To overcome this difficulty, the development of procedures involving two subsequent reaction steps on the nanotubes appeared particularly promising. It was previously demonstrated that "click chemistry" (CuAAC) permits efficiently functionalising nanotubes with a wide variety of materials (from inorganic to biological). In this work, we present an original strategy based on Hay coupling (i.e. the oxidative coupling between triple bonds) to fabricate nanotube-porphyrin conjugates. Porphyrins containing ethynyl functional groups were attached on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) bearing phenylacetylene groups and the resulting materials were fully characterised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Hijazi
- LICSEN, NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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15
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Basma NS, Headen TF, Shaffer MSP, Skipper NT, Howard CA. Local Structure and Polar Order in Liquid N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8963-8971. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b08020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadir S. Basma
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Thomas F. Headen
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxfordshire, U.K
| | - Milo S. P. Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Neal T. Skipper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Christopher A. Howard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
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16
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Assali M, Zaid AN, Kittana N, Hamad D, Amer J. Covalent functionalization of SWCNT with combretastatin A4 for cancer therapy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:245101. [PMID: 29583132 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aab9f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are currently under intensive investigation by many labs all over the world for being promising candidates for cancer chemotherapy delivery. On the other hand, combretastatin A4 (CA4) is an anticancer drug that induces cell apoptosis by inhibiting tubulin polymerization. However, it has the disadvantage of low water solubility and the non-selective targeting. Therefore, we aim to create nano-drug from the functionalization of SWCNT covalently with CA4 through click reaction in the presence of tetraethylene glycol linker in order to improve its dispersibility. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed good dispersibility of the functionalized SWCNT with diameters of 5-15 nm. Moreover, thermogravometric analysis showed that the efficiency of SWCNT functionalization was around 45%. The in vitro release profile of CA4 at physiological conditions showed that approximately 90% of the loaded drug was released over 50 h. After that MTS test was used to determine the suitable concentration range for the in vitro investigation of the SWCNT-CA4. After that the cytotoxic activity of the SWCNT-CA4 was evaluated by flow cytometry using annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) test. In comparison with free CA4, SWCNT-CA4 treatment demonstrated a significant increase in necrotic cells (around 50%) at the expense of the proportion of the apoptotic cells. Moreover, cell cycle PI test demonstrated that free CA4 and SWCNT-CA4 caused G2/M arrest. However with CA4 treatment higher proportion of cells were in the S-phase while with SWCNT-CA4 treatment greater proportion of cells appeared to be in the G1-phase. Taken together, the provided data suggest that the novel SWCNT-CA4 has a significant anticancer activity that might be superior to that of free CA4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohyeddin Assali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An Najah National University, PO Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
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17
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Gómez-Pérez J, Kónya Z, Kukovecz Á. Acetone improves the topographical homogeneity of liquid phase exfoliated few-layer black phosphorus flakes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:365303. [PMID: 29894979 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aacc23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Liquid phase exfoliation of 2D materials has issues related to the sorption of the solvent, the oxidation of the sample during storage, and the topographical inhomogeneity of the exfoliated material. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), a common solvent for black phosphorus (BP) exfoliation, has additional drawbacks like the formation of by-products during sonication and poor solvent volatility. Here we demonstrate an improvement in the topographical homogeneity (i.e. thickness and lateral dimensions) of NMP-exfoliated BP flakes after resuspension in acetone. The typical size of monolayers and bilayers stabilised in acetone was 99.8 ± 27.4 nm and 159.1 ± 57 nm, respectively. These standard deviations represent a threefold improvement over those of the NMP-exfoliated originals. Phosphorene can also be exfoliated directly in acetone by very long ultrasonication. The product suspension enjoys the same dimensional homogeneity benefits, which confirms that this effect is an intrinsic property of the acetone-BP system. The quality and stability of the exfoliated flakes was checked by XRD, TEM, electron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Thermal expansion coefficients of the [Formula: see text] B2g and [Formula: see text] Raman modes were calculated for drop-casted samples as -0.018 28 cm-1 K-1, -0.030 56 cm-1 K-1 and -0.032 19 cm-1 K-1, respectively. The flakes withstand 20 min in O2 flow at 373 K without lattice distortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gómez-Pérez
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Hungary
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18
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Petroni E, Lago E, Bellani S, Boukhvalov DW, Politano A, Gürbulak B, Duman S, Prato M, Gentiluomo S, Oropesa-Nuñez R, Panda JK, Toth PS, Del Rio Castillo AE, Pellegrini V, Bonaccorso F. Liquid-Phase Exfoliated Indium-Selenide Flakes and Their Application in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800749. [PMID: 29845748 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Single- and few-layered InSe flakes are produced by the liquid-phase exfoliation of β-InSe single crystals in 2-propanol, obtaining stable dispersions with a concentration as high as 0.11 g L-1 . Ultracentrifugation is used to tune the morphology, i.e., the lateral size and thickness of the as-produced InSe flakes. It is demonstrated that the obtained InSe flakes have maximum lateral sizes ranging from 30 nm to a few micrometers, and thicknesses ranging from 1 to 20 nm, with a maximum population centered at ≈5 nm, corresponding to 4 Se-In-In-Se quaternary layers. It is also shown that no formation of further InSe-based compounds (such as In2 Se3 ) or oxides occurs during the exfoliation process. The potential of these exfoliated-InSe few-layer flakes as a catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is tested in hybrid single-walled carbon nanotubes/InSe heterostructures. The dependence of the InSe flakes' morphologies, i.e., surface area and thickness, on the HER performances is highlighted, achieving the best efficiencies with small flakes offering predominant edge effects. The theoretical model unveils the origin of the catalytic efficiency of InSe flakes, and correlates the catalytic activity to the Se vacancies at the edge of the flakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Petroni
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Lago
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Bellani
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Danil W Boukhvalov
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
- Department of Theoretical Physics and Applied Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Antonio Politano
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Bekir Gürbulak
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Songül Duman
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, 25050, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mirko Prato
- Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Gentiluomo
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Jaya-Kumar Panda
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Peter S Toth
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Pellegrini
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
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19
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Schirowski M, Abellán G, Nuin E, Pampel J, Dolle C, Wedler V, Fellinger TP, Spiecker E, Hauke F, Hirsch A. Fundamental Insights into the Reductive Covalent Cross-Linking of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3352-3360. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Schirowski
- Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr.-Mack-Strasse 81, 90762 Fürth, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Abellán
- Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr.-Mack-Strasse 81, 90762 Fürth, Germany
| | - Edurne Nuin
- Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonas Pampel
- Fraunhofer Institute IWS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Dolle
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vincent Wedler
- Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr.-Mack-Strasse 81, 90762 Fürth, Germany
| | - Tim-Patrick Fellinger
- University of Applied Science Zittau/Görlitz, Theodor-Körner Allee 16, 02763 Zittau, Germany
- Department of Technical Electrochemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr.-Mack-Strasse 81, 90762 Fürth, Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr.-Mack-Strasse 81, 90762 Fürth, Germany
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20
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Leung AHM, Pike SD, Clancy AJ, Yau HC, Lee WJ, Orchard KL, Shaffer MSP, Williams CK. Layered zinc hydroxide monolayers by hydrolysis of organozincs. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2135-2146. [PMID: 29719687 PMCID: PMC5896490 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04256f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organometallic precursors provide a new and clean route to solutions of 2D materials relevant for applications including catalysis, electronics and sensing.
2D inorganic materials and their exfoliated counterparts are both of fundamental interest and relevant for applications including catalysis, electronics and sensing. Here, a new bottom-up synthesis route is used to prepare functionalised nanoplatelets, in apolar organic solvents, via the hydrolysis of organometallic reagents; the products can be prepared in high yield, at room temperature. In particular, a series of layered zinc hydroxides, coordinated by aliphatic carboxylate ligands, were produced by the hydrolysis of diethyl zinc and zinc carboxylate mixtures, optimally at a molar ratio of [COOR]/[Zn] = 0.6. Layered zinc hydroxides coordinated by oleate ligands form high concentration solutions of isolated monolayers (3 nm thick x ∼ 26 nm) in apolar organic solvents (up to 23 mg mL–1 in toluene), as confirmed by both atomic force and transmission electron microscopies of deposited species. The high solubility of the product allows the synthetic pathway to be monitored directly in situ through 1H NMR spectroscopy. The high solubility also provides a route to solution deposition of active functional materials, as illustrated by the formation of nanoporous films of optically transparent porous zinc oxide (1 μm thickness) after annealing at 500 °C. This new organometallic route to 2D materials obviates common complications of top-down exfoliation syntheses, including sonochemical-degradation and low yields of aggregated polydispersed layers, and may potentially be extended to a wide range of systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice H M Leung
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , UK OX1 3TA .
| | - Sebastian D Pike
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , UK OX1 3TA .
| | - Adam J Clancy
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London , UK SW7 2AZ .
| | - Hin Chun Yau
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London , UK SW7 2AZ .
| | - Won Jun Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London , UK SW7 2AZ .
| | | | - Milo S P Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London , UK SW7 2AZ . .,Department of Materials , Imperial College London , London , UK SW7 2AZ
| | - Charlotte K Williams
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , UK OX1 3TA . .,Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London , UK SW7 2AZ .
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21
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22
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Considerations for spectroscopy of liquid-exfoliated 2D materials: emerging photoluminescence of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16706. [PMID: 29196735 PMCID: PMC5711948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) has been shown to be the most effective solvent for liquid phase exfoliation and dispersion of a range of 2D materials including graphene, molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) and black phosphorus. However, NMP is also known to be susceptible to sonochemical degradation during exfoliation. We report that this degradation gives rise to strong visible photoluminescence of NMP. Sonochemical modification is shown to influence exfoliation of layered materials in NMP and the optical absorbance of the solvent in the dispersion. The emerging optical properties of the degraded solvent present challenges for spectroscopy of nanomaterial dispersions; most notably the possibility of observing solvent photoluminescence in the spectra of 2D materials such as MoS2, highlighting the need for stable solvents and exfoliation processes to minimise the influence of solvent degradation on the properties of liquid-exfoliated 2D materials.
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23
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Hodge SA, Buckley DJ, Yau HC, Skipper NT, Howard CA, Shaffer MSP. Chemical routes to discharging graphenides. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:3150-3158. [PMID: 28220176 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr10004j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemical and electrochemical reduction methods allow the dispersion, processing, and/or functionalization of discrete sp2-hybridised nanocarbons, including fullerenes, nanotubes and graphenes. Electron transfer to the nanocarbon raises the Fermi energy, creating nanocarbon anions and thereby activating an array of possible covalent reactions. The Fermi level may then be partially or fully lowered by intended functionalization reactions, but in general, techniques are required to remove excess charge without inadvertent covalent reactions that potentially degrade the nanocarbon properties of interest. Here, simple and effective chemical discharging routes are demonstrated for graphenide polyelectrolytes and are expected to apply to other systems, particularly nanotubides. The discharging process is inherently linked to the reduction potentials of such chemical discharging agents and the unusual fundamental chemistry of charged nanocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Hodge
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - David J Buckley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Hin Chun Yau
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Neal T Skipper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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24
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Hinman JJ, Suslick KS. Nanostructured Materials Synthesis Using Ultrasound. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:12. [PMID: 28078627 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent applications of ultrasound to the production of nanostructured materials are reviewed. Sonochemistry permits the production of novel materials or provides a route to known materials without the need for high bulk temperatures, pressures, or long reaction times. Both chemical and physical phenomena associated with high-intensity ultrasound are responsible for the production or modification of nanomaterials. Most notable are the consequences of acoustic cavitation: the formation, growth, and implosive collapse of bubbles, and can be categorized as primary sonochemistry (gas-phase chemistry occurring inside collapsing bubbles), secondary sonochemistry (solution-phase chemistry occurring outside the bubbles), and physical modifications (caused by high-speed jets, shockwaves, or inter-particle collisions in slurries).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J Hinman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Av., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kenneth S Suslick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Av., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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25
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Bayazit MK, Moniz SJA, Coleman KS. Gram-scale production of nitrogen doped graphene using a 1,3-dipolar organic precursor and its utilisation as a stable, metal free oxygen evolution reaction catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04044j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, a one-step scalable synthesis of a few-layer ∼10% nitrogen doped (N-doped) graphene nanosheets (GNSs) from a stable but highly reactive 1,3-dipolar organic precursor is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa K. Bayazit
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering
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26
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Ciesielski A, Haar S, Aliprandi A, El Garah M, Tregnago G, Cotella GF, El Gemayel M, Richard F, Sun H, Cacialli F, Bonaccorso F, Samorì P. Modifying the Size of Ultrasound-Induced Liquid-Phase Exfoliated Graphene: From Nanosheets to Nanodots. ACS NANO 2016; 10:10768-10777. [PMID: 28024344 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound-induced liquid-phase exfoliation (UILPE) is an established method to produce single- (SLG) and few-layer (FLG) graphene nanosheets starting from graphite as a precursor. In this paper we investigate the effect of the ultrasonication power in the UILPE process carried out in either N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) or ortho-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB). Our experimental results reveal that while the SLGs/FLGs concentration of the NMP dispersions is independent of the power of the ultrasonic bath during the UILPE process, in o-DCB it decreases as the ultrasonication power increases. Moreover, the ultrasonication power has a strong influence on the lateral size of the exfoliated SLGs/FLGs nanosheets in o-DCB. In particular, when UILPE is carried out at ∼600 W, we obtain dispersions composed of graphene nanosheets with a lateral size of 180 nm, whereas at higher power (∼1000 W) we produce graphene nanodots (GNDs) with an average diameter of ∼17 nm. The latter nanostructures exhibit a strong and almost excitation-independent photoluminescence emission in the UV/deep-blue region of the electromagnetic spectrum arising from the GNDs' intrinsic states and a less intense (and strongly excitation wavelength dependent) emission in the green/red region attributed to defect states. Notably, we also observe visible emission with near-infrared excitation at 850 and 900 nm, a fingerprint of the presence of up-conversion processes. Overall, our results highlight the crucial importance of the solvent choice for the UILPE process, which under controlled experimental conditions allows the fine-tuning of the morphological properties, such as lateral size and thickness, of the graphene nanosheets toward the realization of luminescent GNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Ciesielski
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) and International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), Université de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sébastien Haar
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) and International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), Université de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alessandro Aliprandi
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) and International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), Université de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mohamed El Garah
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) and International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), Université de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Giulia Tregnago
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (CMMP Group) and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni F Cotella
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (CMMP Group) and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Mirella El Gemayel
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) and International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), Université de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fanny Richard
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) and International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), Université de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Franco Cacialli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (CMMP Group) and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) and International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), Université de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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27
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Bonaccorso F, Bartolotta A, Coleman JN, Backes C. 2D-Crystal-Based Functional Inks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:6136-66. [PMID: 27273554 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201506410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The possibility to produce and process graphene, related 2D crystals, and heterostructures in the liquid phase makes them promising materials for an ever-growing class of applications as composite materials, sensors, in flexible optoelectronics, and energy storage and conversion. In particular, the ability to formulate functional inks with on-demand rheological and morphological properties, i.e., lateral size and thickness of the dispersed 2D crystals, is a step forward toward the development of industrial-scale, reliable, inexpensive printing/coating processes, a boost for the full exploitation of such nanomaterials. Here, the exfoliation strategies of graphite and other layered crystals are reviewed, along with the advances in the sorting of lateral size and thickness of the exfoliated sheets together with the formulation of functional inks and the current development of printing/coating processes of interest for the realization of 2D-crystal-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bonaccorso
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Antonino Bartolotta
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, Messina, 98158, Italy
| | - Jonathan N Coleman
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse St, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Claudia Backes
- Applied Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
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Ferguson A, Khan U, Walsh M, Lee KY, Bismarck A, Shaffer MSP, Coleman JN, Bergin SD. Understanding the Dispersion and Assembly of Bacterial Cellulose in Organic Solvents. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:1845-53. [PMID: 27007744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The constituent nanofibrils of bacterial cellulose are of interest to many researchers because of their purity and excellent mechanical properties. Mechanisms to disrupt the network structure of bacterial cellulose (BC) to isolate bacterial cellulose nanofibrils (BCN) are limited. This work focuses on liquid-phase dispersions of BCN in a range of organic solvents. It builds on work to disperse similarly intractable nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, where optimum dispersion is seen for solvents whose surface energies are close to the surface energy of the nanomaterial; bacterial cellulose is shown to disperse in a similar fashion. Inverse gas chromatography was used to determine the surface energy of bacterial cellulose, under relevant conditions, by quantifying the surface heterogeneity of the material as a function of coverage. Films of pure BCN were prepared from dispersions in a range of solvents; the extent of BCN exfoliation is shown to have a strong effect on the mechanical properties of BC films and to fit models based on the volumetric density of nanofibril junctions. Such control offers new routes to producing robust cellulose films of bacterial cellulose nanofibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auren Ferguson
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Umar Khan
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | | | - Alexander Bismarck
- Polymer and Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna , Währingerstr. 42, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | | | | | - Shane D Bergin
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
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