1
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Li J, Ma HP, Zhao G, Huang G, Sun W, Peng C. Plastic Waste Conversion by Leveraging Renewable Photo/Electro-Catalytic Technologies. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301352. [PMID: 38226954 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Plastics have revolutionized our lives; however, the exponential growth of their usage has led to a global crisis. More sustainable strategies are needed to address this dilemma and transform the plastics economy from a linearity to a circular model. Herein, we systematically summarize the recent progress in renewable energy-driven plastic conversion strategies, including photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and their integration. By introducing the significant works, the design principles, mechanisms, and system regulations, we decipher and compare the various aspects of plastic conversion. These approaches show high reactivity and selectivity under environmentally benign conditions and provide alternative reaction pathways for plastic conversion. Plastic upcycling as a chemical feedstock can yield value-added chemicals and fuels, contributing to the establishment of a sustainable and circular economy. Additionally, several innovations in reaction engineering and system designs are presented. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of sustainable energy-driven plastic conversion technologies are comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Tiandi Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Peng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaan Xi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Zhejiang Tiandi Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Guangfa Huang
- Zhejiang Tiandi Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Chong Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
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2
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Dupont J, Leal BC, Lozano P, Monteiro AL, Migowski P, Scholten JD. Ionic Liquids in Metal, Photo-, Electro-, and (Bio) Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5227-5420. [PMID: 38661578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have unique physicochemical properties that make them advantageous for catalysis, such as low vapor pressure, non-flammability, high thermal and chemical stabilities, and the ability to enhance the activity and stability of (bio)catalysts. ILs can improve the efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability of bio(transformations) by acting as activators of enzymes, selectively dissolving substrates and products, and reducing toxicity. They can also be recycled and reused multiple times without losing their effectiveness. ILs based on imidazolium cation are preferred for structural organization aspects, with a semiorganized layer surrounding the catalyst. ILs act as a container, providing a confined space that allows modulation of electronic and geometric effects, miscibility of reactants and products, and residence time of species. ILs can stabilize ionic and radical species and control the catalytic activity of dynamic processes. Supported IL phase (SILP) derivatives and polymeric ILs (PILs) are good options for molecular engineering of greener catalytic processes. The major factors governing metal, photo-, electro-, and biocatalysts in ILs are discussed in detail based on the vast literature available over the past two and a half decades. Catalytic reactions, ranging from hydrogenation and cross-coupling to oxidations, promoted by homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in both single and multiphase conditions, are extensively reviewed and discussed considering the knowledge accumulated until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairton Dupont
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Bárbara C Leal
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Pedro Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Adriano L Monteiro
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Pedro Migowski
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Jackson D Scholten
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
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3
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Gagliani F, Di Giulio T, Grecchi S, Benincori T, Arnaboldi S, Malitesta C, Mazzotta E. Green Synthesis of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Based on a Novel Thiophene-Derivative for Electrochemical Sensing. Molecules 2024; 29:1632. [PMID: 38611911 PMCID: PMC11013891 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
An environmentally friendly and sustainable approach was adopted to produce a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) via electropolymerization, with remarkable electrochemical sensing properties, tested in tyrosine (tyr) detection. The 2,2'-bis(2,2'-bithiophene-5-yl)-3,3'-bithianaphtene (BT2-T4) was chosen as functional monomer and MIP electrosynthesis was carried out via cyclic voltammetry on low-volume (20 μL) screen-printed carbon electrodes (C-SPE) in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ((BMIM) TFSI). An easy and rapid washing treatment allowed us to obtain the resulting MIP film, directly used for tyr electrochemical detection, carried out amperometrically. The sensor showed a linear response in the concentration range of 15-200 μM, with LOD of 1.04 µM, LOQ of 3.17 μM and good performance in selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. Tyrosine amperometric detection was also carried out in human plasma, resulting in a satisfactory recovery estimation. The work represents the first use of BT2-T4 as a functional monomer for the production of a molecularly imprinted polymer, with a green approach afforded by using a few microliters of a room temperature ionic liquid as an alternative to common organic solvents on screen-printed carbon electrodes, resulting in a valuable system that meets the green chemistry guidelines, which is today an essential criterion in both research and application field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gagliani
- Laboratorio di Chimica Analitica, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Tiziano Di Giulio
- Laboratorio di Chimica Analitica, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Sara Grecchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.G.)
| | - Tiziana Benincori
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Serena Arnaboldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.G.)
| | - Cosimino Malitesta
- Laboratorio di Chimica Analitica, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Mazzotta
- Laboratorio di Chimica Analitica, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (C.M.)
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4
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David M, Galli E, Brown RCD, Feroci M, Vetica F, Bortolami M. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate as suitable solvent for BF 3: the case of alkyne hydration. Chemistry vs electrochemistry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1966-1981. [PMID: 38169890 PMCID: PMC10760484 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to replace the expensive metal/ligand catalysts and classic toxic and volatile solvents, commonly used for the hydration of alkynes, the hydration reaction of alkynes was studied in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIm-BF4) adding boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BF3·Et2O) as catalyst. Different ionic liquids were used, varying the cation or the anion, in order to identify the best one, in terms of both efficiency and reduced costs. The developed method was efficaciously applied to different alkynes, achieving the desired hydration products with good yields. The results obtained using a conventional approach (i.e., adding BF3·Et2O) were compared with those achieved using BF3 electrogenerated in BMIm-BF4, demonstrating the possibility of obtaining the products of alkyne hydration with analogous or improved yields, using less hazardous precursors to generate the reactive species in situ. In particular, for terminal arylalkynes, the electrochemical route proved to be advantageous, yielding preferentially the hydration products vs the aldol condensation products. Importantly, the ability to recycle the ionic liquid in subsequent reactions was successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta David
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Galli
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Richard C D Brown
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Marta Feroci
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vetica
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Bortolami
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161 Rome, Italy
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5
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Kamimura A, Yanagisawa K, Kaneko N, Kawamoto T, Fujii K. Preparation and Hydrophilicity/Lipophilicity of Solubility-Switchable Ionic Liquids. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:48540-48554. [PMID: 36591188 PMCID: PMC9798742 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Various solubility-switchable ionic liquids were prepared. Their syntheses were readily achieved in a few steps from glyceraldehyde dimethylacetal or its derivatives. Pyridinium, imidazolium, and phosphonium derivatives also exhibited solubility-switchable properties; acetal-type ionic liquids were soluble in organic solvents, while diol-type ones exhibited a preference for being dissolved in the aqueous phase. The solubility of the ionic liquids prepared in this study also depended on the number of carbon atoms in the cationic parts of the ionic liquids. Interconversion between the diol-type and the acetal-type ionic liquids was readily achieved under the standard conditions for diol acetalization and acetal hydrolysis. One of the prepared ionic liquids was also examined as a solvent for an organic reaction.
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6
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Pathak DK, Moon HC. Recent progress in electrochromic energy storage materials and devices: a minireview. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2949-2975. [PMID: 36239257 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00845a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Integration of several functionalities into one isolated electrochemical body is necessary to realize compact and tiny smart electronics. Recently, two different technologies, electrochromic (EC) materials and energy storage, were combined to create a single system that supports and drives both functions simultaneously. In EC energy storage devices, the characteristic feature of EC materials, their optical modulation depending on the applied voltage, is used to visually identify the stored energy level in real time. Moreover, combining energy-harvesting and EC storage systems by sharing one electrode facilitates the realization of further compact multifunction systems. In this minireview, we highlight recent groundbreaking achievements in EC multifunction systems where the stored energy levels can be visualized using the color of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh K Pathak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong Chul Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Devi S, Jyoti, Kiran, Wadhwa D, Sindhu J. Electro-organic synthesis: an environmentally benign alternative for heterocycle synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5163-5229. [PMID: 35730661 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00572g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds are considered to be one of the most established structural classes due to their extensive application in agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and organic materials. Over the past few years, the development of heterocyclic compounds has gone through a considerable renaissance from conventional traditional methodologies to non-conventional electro-organic synthesis. Replacing metal catalysts, strong oxidants and multi-step methodologies with metal and strong oxidant-free single-step protocols has revolutionized the field of sustainable organic synthesis. Electro-organic synthesis has evolved as a scalable and sustainable approach in different synthetic protocols in an environment-benign manner. The current review outlines the recent developments in C-C, C-N, C-S and C-O/Se bond formation for heterocycle synthesis using electrochemical methods. Different synthetic strategies and their detailed mechanistic description are presented to enlighten the future applications of electrochemistry in heterocycle synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal university, Bhiwani-127021, India.
| | - Jyoti
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal university, Bhiwani-127021, India.
| | - Kiran
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCSHAU, Hisar-125004, India.
| | - Deepak Wadhwa
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal university, Bhiwani-127021, India.
| | - Jayant Sindhu
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCSHAU, Hisar-125004, India.
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8
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Sen R, Das S, Nath A, Maharana P, Kar P, Verpoort F, Liang P, Roy S. Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation: An Overview With an Example of Translation From Lab to Market. Front Chem 2022; 10:861604. [PMID: 35646820 PMCID: PMC9131097 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.861604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Water oxidation has become very popular due to its prime role in water splitting and metal–air batteries. Thus, the development of efficient, abundant, and economical catalysts, as well as electrode design, is very demanding today. In this review, we have discussed the principles of electrocatalytic water oxidation reaction (WOR), the electrocatalyst and electrode design strategies for the most efficient results, and recent advancement in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst design. Finally, we have discussed the use of OER in the Oxygen Maker (OM) design with the example of OM REDOX by Solaire Initiative Private Ltd. The review clearly summarizes the future directions and applications for sustainable energy utilization with the help of water splitting and the way forward to develop better cell designs with electrodes and catalysts for practical applications. We hope this review will offer a basic understanding of the OER process and WOR in general along with the standard parameters to evaluate the performance and encourage more WOR-based profound innovations to make their way from the lab to the market following the example of OM REDOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sen
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Department of Chemical Sciences, Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Supriya Das
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Department of Chemical Sciences, Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Aritra Nath
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Department of Chemical Sciences, Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Priyanka Maharana
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Department of Chemical Sciences, Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Pradipta Kar
- Solaire Initiative Private Limited, Bhubaneshwar and Kolkata, India
| | - Francis Verpoort
- Solaire Initiative Private Limited, Bhubaneshwar and Kolkata, India
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Environmental and Energy Research, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Francis Verpoort, ; Pei Liang, ; Soumyajit Roy,
| | - Pei Liang
- Solaire Initiative Private Limited, Bhubaneshwar and Kolkata, India
- *Correspondence: Francis Verpoort, ; Pei Liang, ; Soumyajit Roy,
| | - Soumyajit Roy
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Department of Chemical Sciences, Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Kolkata, Kolkata, India
- Solaire Initiative Private Limited, Bhubaneshwar and Kolkata, India
- *Correspondence: Francis Verpoort, ; Pei Liang, ; Soumyajit Roy,
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Tan X, Sun X, Han B. Ionic liquid-based electrolytes for CO 2 electroreduction and CO 2 electroorganic transformation. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwab022. [PMID: 35530435 PMCID: PMC9071064 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
CO2 is an abundant and renewable C1 feedstock. Electrochemical transformation of CO2 can integrate CO2 fixation with renewable electricity storage, providing an avenue to close the anthropogenic carbon cycle. As a new type of green and chemically tailorable solvent, ionic liquids (ILs) have been proposed as highly promising alternatives for conventional electrolytes in electrochemical CO2 conversion. This review summarizes major advances in the electrochemical transformation of CO2 into value-added carbonic fuels and chemicals in IL-based media in the past several years. Both the direct CO2 electroreduction (CO2ER) and CO2-involved electroorganic transformation (CO2EOT) are discussed, focusing on the effect of electrocatalysts, IL components, reactor configurations and operating conditions on catalytic activity, selectivity and reusability. The reasons for the enhanced CO2 conversion performance by ILs are also discussed, providing guidance for the rational design of novel IL-based electrochemical processes for CO2 conversion. Finally, the critical challenges remaining in this research area and promising directions for future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Tan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaofu Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Abstract
Organic electrosynthesis is an old and rich discipline. By exploiting the cheapest and greenest source of electrons, electricity itself, electrolysis has been shown to be a powerful method to perform redox reactions under mild, safe and green conditions. The field is in the midst of a renaissance and there is little doubt that it will become one of the classic methods to activate small organic molecules in the very near future. Nevertheless, electrosynthesis can be rather daunting for a beginner. In this Review, we will guide synthetic chemists through their first organic and organometallic electrosyntheses by reviewing the essential aspects of the field and by sharing practical tips. We will also cover the fundamentals of electroanalytical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, since they are powerful methods to investigate mechanisms. Finally, these concepts will be examined in practice through three case studies.
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Bortolami M, Mattiello L, Scarano V, Vetica F, Feroci M. In Situ Anodically Oxidized BMIm-BF 4: A Safe and Recyclable BF 3 Source. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16151-16157. [PMID: 34213898 PMCID: PMC8609525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The anodic oxidation
of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate
(BMIm-BF4) efficiently generates BF3 from BF4–. This Lewis acid, strongly bound to the
ionic liquids, can be efficiently used in classical BF3-catalyzed reactions. We demonstrated the BF3/BMIm-BF4 reactivity in four reactions, namely, a domino Friedel–Crafts/lactonization
of phenols, the Povarov reaction, the Friedel–Crafts benzylation
of anisole, and the multicomponent synthesis of tetrahydro-11H-benzo[a]xanthen-11-ones. In comparison
with literature data using BF3-Et2O in organic
solvents, in all the presented cases, analogous or improved results
were obtained. Moreover, the noteworthy advantages of the developed
method are the in situ generation of BF3 (no storing necessity) in the required amount, using only the electron
as redox reagent, and the recycling of BMIm-BF4 for multiple
subsequent runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bortolami
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mattiello
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Scarano
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vetica
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Feroci
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161 Rome, Italy
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12
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Borodkin GI, Shubin VG. Electrophilic and Oxidative Fluorination of Heterocyclic Compounds: Contribution to Green Chemistry. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021090013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Saraswat A, Sharma A. Revitalization of electro-catalysis for the formation of organic scaffolds. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Maniam KK, Paul S. Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents for CO 2 Conversion Technologies-A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4519. [PMID: 34443042 PMCID: PMC8399058 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have a wide range of potential uses in renewable energy, including CO2 capture and electrochemical conversion. With the goal of providing a critical overview of the progression, new challenges, and prospects of ILs for evolving green renewable energy processes, this review emphasizes the significance of ILs as electrolytes and reaction media in two primary areas of interest: CO2 electroreduction and organic molecule electrosynthesis via CO2 transformation. Herein, we briefly summarize the most recent advances in the field, as well as approaches based on the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to industrially important compounds employing ILs as an electrolyte and/or reaction media. In addition, the review also discusses the advances made possible by deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in CO2 electroreduction to CO. Finally, the critical techno-commercial issues connected with employing ILs and DESs as an electrolyte or ILs as reaction media are reviewed, along with a future perspective on the path to rapid industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kranthi Kumar Maniam
- Materials Innovation Centre, School of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK;
| | - Shiladitya Paul
- Materials Innovation Centre, School of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK;
- Materials and Structural and Integrity Technology Group, TWI, Cambridge CB21 6AL, UK
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15
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Tomboc GM, Park Y, Lee K, Jin K. Directing transition metal-based oxygen-functionalization catalysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8967-8995. [PMID: 34276926 PMCID: PMC8261717 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01272j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents the recent progress of oxygen functionalization reactions based on non-electrochemical (conventional organic synthesis) and electrochemical methods. Although both methods have their advantages and limitations, the former approach has been used to synthesize a broader range of organic substances as the latter is limited by several factors, such as poor selectivity and high energy cost. However, because electrochemical methods can replace harmful terminal oxidizers with external voltage, organic electrosynthesis has emerged as greener and more eco-friendly compared to conventional organic synthesis. The progress of electrochemical methods toward oxygen functionalization is presented by an in-depth discussion of different types of electrically driven-chemical organic synthesis, with particular attention to recently developed electrochemical systems and catalyst designs. We hope to direct the attention of readers to the latest breakthroughs of traditional oxygen functionalization reactions and to the potential of electrochemistry for the transformation of organic substrates to useful end products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracita M Tomboc
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Park
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangyeol Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungsuk Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
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16
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Schotten C, Bourne RA, Kapur N, Nguyen BN, Willans CE. Electrochemical Generation of
N
‐Heterocyclic Carbenes for Use in Synthesis and Catalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard A. Bourne
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Nikil Kapur
- School of Mechanical Engineering University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Bao N. Nguyen
- School of Chemistry University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
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17
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Homocianu M. Optical properties of solute molecules: Environmental effects, challenges, and their practical implications. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Tiago GAO, Matias IAS, Ribeiro APC, Martins LMDRS. Application of Ionic Liquids in Electrochemistry-Recent Advances. Molecules 2020; 25:E5812. [PMID: 33317199 PMCID: PMC7763911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the roles of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) and RTIL based solvent systems as proposed alternatives for conventional organic electrolyte solutions are described. Ionic liquids are introduced as well as the relevant properties for their use in electrochemistry (reduction of ohmic losses), such as diffusive molecular motion and ionic conductivity. We have restricted ourselves to provide a survey on the latest, most representative developments and progress made in the use of ionic liquids as electrolytes, in particular achieved by the cyclic voltammetry technique. Thus, the present review comprises literature from 2015 onward covering the different aspects of RTILs, from the knowledge of these media to the use of their properties for electrochemical processes. Out of the scope of this review are heat transfer applications, medical or biological applications, and multiphasic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo A. O. Tiago
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Inês A. S. Matias
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Ana P. C. Ribeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Luísa M. D. R. S. Martins
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
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19
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Anastasiadou D, Hensen EJM, Figueiredo MC. Electrocatalytic synthesis of organic carbonates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13082-13092. [PMID: 33025957 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04231e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic carbonates are considered environmentally benign alternatives for various fossil-derived compounds used in the chemical industry. Replacing current costly and toxic production methods by greener alternatives offers opportunities to cover the increasing demand for these intermediates in a more sustainable manner. In this feature article, the prospect of electrochemical synthesis of organic carbonates is presented as an approach to use carbon dioxide and green electricity to arrive at such compounds. We explore the strengths and limitations of the different methods by looking into the electrode and electrolyte composition effects and operating conditions with a focus on the synthesis of dimethylcarbonate from methanol and either carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. The proposed mechanisms are discussed in an effort to understand the underlying steps and their challenges. This review concludes with a perspective on the broader developments needed to turn the basic chemistry into a practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Anastasiadou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Jopp
- Department of Technical and Analytical Chemistry Institute of Chemistry University of Rostock Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 3a Rostock Germany
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21
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Photophysics and rotational dynamics of Nile red in room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) and RTIL-cosolvents binary mixtures. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Samanta RC, Meyer TH, Siewert I, Ackermann L. Renewable resources for sustainable metallaelectro-catalysed C-H activation. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8657-8670. [PMID: 34123124 PMCID: PMC8163351 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03578e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The necessity for more sustainable industrial chemical processes has internationally been agreed upon. During the last decade, the scientific community has responded to this urgent need by developing novel sustainable methodologies targeted at molecular transformations that not only produce reduced amounts of byproducts, but also by the use of cleaner and renewable energy sources. A prime example is the electrochemical functionalization of organic molecules, by which toxic and costly chemicals can be replaced by renewable electricity. Unrivalled levels of resource economy can thereby be achieved via the merger of metal-catalyzed C-H activation with electrosynthesis. This perspective aims at highlighting the most relevant advances in metallaelectro-catalysed C-H activations, with a particular focus on the use of green solvents and sustainable wind power and solar energy until June 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh C Samanta
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Tjark H Meyer
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Inke Siewert
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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23
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Yu Y, Zhong J, Xu K, Yuan Y, Ye K. Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Synthesis and Functionalization of Indole Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Key Laboratory for Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun‐Song Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Xu
- Key Laboratory for Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Yaofeng Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Ke‐Yin Ye
- Key Laboratory for Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 People's Republic of China
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24
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Mena IF, Diaz E, Palomar J, Rodriguez JJ, Mohedano AF. Cation and anion effect on the biodegradability and toxicity of imidazolium- and choline-based ionic liquids. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124947. [PMID: 31568943 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This work studies the effect of the cation and anion on the biodegradability and inhibition of imidazolium- and choline-based ionic liquids (ILs) using activated sludge. Six commercial ILs, formed by combination of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium (Bmim+) and N,N,N-trimethylethanolammonium (Choline+) cations and chloride (Cl-), acetate (Ac-) and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NTf2-) anions were evaluated, all representative counter-ions with markedly different toxicity and biodegradability. Inherent and fast biodegradability tests were used to evaluate both the microorganism inhibition and the IL biodegradability. In addition, the ecotoxicological response (EC50) of the ILs was studied using activated sludge and Vibrio fischeri (Microtox® test). Bmim+ and NTf2- can be considered as non-biodegradable, whereas aerobic microorganisms easily degraded Choline+ and Ac-. The biodegradation pattern of each cation/anion is nearly unaffected by counter-ion nature. Moreover, concentrations of CholineNTf2 higher than 50 mg/L caused a partial inhibition on microbial activity, in good concordance with its low EC50 (54 mg/L) measured by respiration inhibition test, which alerts on the negative environmental impact of NTf2-containing ILs on the performance of sewage treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- I F Mena
- Chemical Engineering Department, University Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - E Diaz
- Chemical Engineering Department, University Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Palomar
- Chemical Engineering Department, University Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Rodriguez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - A F Mohedano
- Chemical Engineering Department, University Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Verschueren RH, De Borggraeve WM. Electrochemistry and Photoredox Catalysis: A Comparative Evaluation in Organic Synthesis. Molecules 2019; 24:E2122. [PMID: 31195644 PMCID: PMC6600520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of synthetic transformations that have been performed by both electro- and photoredox catalysis. Both toolboxes are evaluated and compared in their ability to enable said transformations. Analogies and distinctions are formulated to obtain a better understanding in both research areas. This knowledge can be used to conceptualize new methodological strategies for either of both approaches starting from the other. It was attempted to extract key components that can be used as guidelines to refine, complement and innovate these two disciplines of organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik H Verschueren
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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26
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Kärkäs MD. Electrochemical strategies for C-H functionalization and C-N bond formation. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5786-5865. [PMID: 29911724 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00619e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 588] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Conventional methods for carrying out carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation are typically conducted at elevated temperatures, and rely on expensive catalysts as well as the use of stoichiometric, and perhaps toxic, oxidants. In this regard, electrochemical synthesis has recently been recognized as a sustainable and scalable strategy for the construction of challenging carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Here, electrosynthesis has proven to be an environmentally benign, highly effective and versatile platform for achieving a wide range of nonclassical bond disconnections via generation of radical intermediates under mild reaction conditions. This review provides an overview on the use of anodic electrochemical methods for expediting the development of carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation strategies. Emphasis is placed on methodology development and mechanistic insight and aims to provide inspiration for future synthetic applications in the field of electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus D Kärkäs
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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27
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Montiel MA, Solla-Gullón J, Montiel V, Sánchez-Sánchez CM. Electrocatalytic studies on imidazolium based ionic liquids: defining experimental conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19160-19167. [PMID: 29978164 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02662a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The number of publications devoted to studying electrochemical reactions in room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) is constantly growing, but very few of them have been devoted to defining proper experimental conditions to obtain reproducible electrochemical results. In this work, we demonstrate that the combination of a proper RTIL purification treatment and a filtered Ar gas stream allow us to obtain featureless voltammograms in [C4mim][BF4], [C4mim][NTf2], and [C4m2im][NTf2], which otherwise present signals associated with different types of impurities such as water and some minor electroactive impurities acquired during the RTIL synthesis process. Moreover, we demonstrate that bubbling Ar, or another inert gas, through the electrolyte in order to purge O2 dissolved in RTILs is one of the major sources of water and O2 impurities incorporated in RTILs within the electrochemical cell. To overcome this source of water uptake, we have incorporated a gas stream purification filter before the gas reaches the RTIL in the electrochemical cell. To illustrate the effect of these impurities in relevant electrocatalytic studies, we study the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 on Pt nanoparticles and the key role of an appropiate filter when the CO2 gas stream is bubbled within imidazolium based RTILs. Our cyclic voltammetric studies point out that CO2 electroreduction on Pt nanoparticles only presents activity in [C4mim][NTf2] and [C4m2im][NTf2], thus suggesting that the C-2 position on the imidazolium ring is not the key position in CO2 electrochemical reduction. In contrast, the same Pt nanoparticles are inactive towards CO2 electroreduction in [C4mim][BF4], which is a more hydrophilic RTIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Montiel
- Instituto Universitario de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Ap. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
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28
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Das S, Mukherjee B, Biswas R. Orientational dynamics in a room temperature ionic liquid: Are angular jumps predominant? J Chem Phys 2018; 148:193839. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5017797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Das
- Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Biswaroop Mukherjee
- Thematic Unit for Excellence–Computational Materials Science, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Ranjit Biswas
- Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
- Thematic Unit for Excellence–Computational Materials Science, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
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29
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Qian W, Texter J, Yan F. Frontiers in poly(ionic liquid)s: syntheses and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:1124-1159. [PMID: 28180218 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00620e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We review recent works on the synthesis and application of poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs). Novel chemical structures, different synthetic strategies and controllable morphologies are introduced as a supplement to PIL systems already reported. The primary properties determining applications, such as ionic conductivity, aqueous solubility, thermodynamic stability and electrochemical/chemical durability, are discussed. Furthermore, the near-term applications of PILs in multiple fields, such as their use in electrochemical energy materials, stimuli-responsive materials, carbon materials, and antimicrobial materials, in catalysis, in sensors, in absorption and in separation materials, as well as several special-interest applications, are described in detail. We also discuss the limitations of PIL applications, efforts to improve PIL physics, and likely future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.
| | - John Texter
- School of Engineering Technology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA
| | - Feng Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.
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30
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Mirjafari A. Ionic liquid syntheses via click chemistry: expeditious routes toward versatile functional materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2944-2961. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00372f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The application of click reaction (e.g. CuAAC, thiol–X, oxime formation and nucleophilic ring opening) has recently begun to draw attention for efficient and robust synthesis of new functional ionic liquids, requiring minimal purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Mirjafari
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- Florida Gulf Coast University
- Fort Myers
- USA
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31
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Pei Y, Ru J, Yao K, Hao L, Li Z, Wang H, Zhu X, Wang J. Nanoreactors stable up to 200 °C: a class of high temperature microemulsions composed solely of ionic liquids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6260-6263. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02901f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A class of microemulsions solely consisting of ionic liquids was shown to maintain nanoscale droplets up to about 200 °C, and this unique property was used to prepare porous Pt where the microemulsions played the roles of a solvent, a template and a reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchao Pei
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
| | - Jie Ru
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
| | - Kaisheng Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang
- P. R. China
| | - Lihui Hao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
| | - Huiyong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
| | - Xingqi Zhu
- Bruker China
- Beijing Applicat Lab
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Jianji Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
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32
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Yan M, Kawamata Y, Baran PS. Synthetic Organic Electrochemical Methods Since 2000: On the Verge of a Renaissance. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13230-13319. [PMID: 28991454 PMCID: PMC5786875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1892] [Impact Index Per Article: 270.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry represents one of the most intimate ways of interacting with molecules. This review discusses advances in synthetic organic electrochemistry since 2000. Enabling methods and synthetic applications are analyzed alongside innate advantages as well as future challenges of electroorganic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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33
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Yoshida JI, Shimizu A, Hayashi R. Electrogenerated Cationic Reactive Intermediates: The Pool Method and Further Advances. Chem Rev 2017; 118:4702-4730. [PMID: 29077393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemistry serves as a powerful method for generating reactive intermediates, such as organic cations. In general, there are two ways to use reactive intermediates for chemical reactions: (1) generation in the presence of a reaction partner and (2) generation in the absence of a reaction partner with accumulation in solution as a "pool" followed by reaction with a subsequently added reaction partner. The former approach is more popular because reactive intermediates are usually short-lived transient species, but the latter method is more flexible and versatile. This review focuses on the latter approach and provides a concise overview of the current methods for the generation and accumulation of cationic reactive intermediates as a pool using modern techniques of electrochemistry and their reactions with subsequently added nucleophilic reaction partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Akihiro Shimizu
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Ryutaro Hayashi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
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34
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Holade Y, Servat K, Tingry S, Napporn TW, Remita H, Cornu D, Kokoh KB. Advances in Electrocatalysis for Energy Conversion and Synthesis of Organic Molecules. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:2573-2605. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaovi Holade
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM UMR 5635, CNRS-UM-ENSCM Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Karine Servat
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP UMR 7285 CNRS 4, rue Michel Brunet B-27, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 09 France
| | - Sophie Tingry
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM UMR 5635, CNRS-UM-ENSCM Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Teko W. Napporn
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP UMR 7285 CNRS 4, rue Michel Brunet B-27, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 09 France
| | - Hynd Remita
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris SaclayLaboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000-CNRS, Bât. 349 91405 Orsay France
- CNRSLaboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000 91405 Orsay France
| | - David Cornu
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM UMR 5635, CNRS-UM-ENSCM Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - K. Boniface Kokoh
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP UMR 7285 CNRS 4, rue Michel Brunet B-27, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 09 France
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35
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Zaitsau DH, Yermalayeu AV, Emel'yanenko VN, Schulz A, Verevkin SP. Thermochemistry of Pyridinium Based Ionic Liquids with Tetrafluoroborate Anion. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201600335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dzmitry H. Zaitsau
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Department “Science and Technology of Life, Light and Matter”; University of Rostock; Dr-Lorenz-Weg 1 18059 Rostock Germany
- Department of Physical Chemistry; Kazan Federal University; Kremlevskaya Str. 18 420008 Kazan Russia
| | - Andrei V. Yermalayeu
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Department “Science and Technology of Life, Light and Matter”; University of Rostock; Dr-Lorenz-Weg 1 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Vladimir N. Emel'yanenko
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Department “Science and Technology of Life, Light and Matter”; University of Rostock; Dr-Lorenz-Weg 1 18059 Rostock Germany
- Department of Physical Chemistry; Kazan Federal University; Kremlevskaya Str. 18 420008 Kazan Russia
| | - Axel Schulz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Rostock; Albert-Einstein Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Sergey P. Verevkin
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Department “Science and Technology of Life, Light and Matter”; University of Rostock; Dr-Lorenz-Weg 1 18059 Rostock Germany
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Niu F, Xu Y, Liu M, Sun J, Guo P, Liu J. Bottom-up electrochemical preparation of solid-state carbon nanodots directly from nitriles/ionic liquids using carbon-free electrodes and the applications in specific ferric ion detection and cell imaging. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:5470-5477. [PMID: 26891173 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00023a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (C-dots), a new type of potential alternative to conventional semiconductor quantum dots, have attracted numerous attentions in various applications including bio-chemical sensing, cell imaging, etc., due to their chemical inertness, low toxicity and flexible functionalization. Various methods including electrochemical (EC) methods have been reported for the synthesis of C-dots. However, complex procedures and/or carbon source-containing electrodes are often required. Herein, solid-state C-dots were simply prepared by bottom-up EC carbonization of nitriles (e.g. acetonitrile) in the presence of an ionic liquid [e.g. 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF6)], using carbon-free electrodes. Due to the positive charges of BMIM(+) on the C-dots, the final products presented in a precipitate form on the cathode, and the unreacted nitriles and BMIMPF6 can be easily removed by simple vacuum filtration. The as-prepared solid-state C-dots can be well dispersed in an aqueous medium with excellent photoluminescence properties. The average size of the C-dots was found to be 3.02 ± 0.12 nm as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy. Other techniques such as UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy were applied for the characterization of the C-dots and to analyze the possible generation mechanism. These C-dots have been successfully applied in efficient cell imaging and specific ferric ion detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushuang Niu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory; Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province; Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China.
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