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Molinillo P, Puyo M, Vattier F, Lacroix B, Rendón N, Lara P, Suárez A. Ruthenium nanoparticles stabilized by 1,2,3-triazolylidene ligands in the hydrogen isotope exchange of E-H bonds (E = B, Si, Ge, Sn) using deuterium gas. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:14488-14495. [PMID: 37606171 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02637j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of ruthenium nanoparticles (Ru·MIC) stabilized with different mesoionic 1,2,3-triazolylidene (MIC) ligands were prepared by decomposition of the Ru(COD)(COT) (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene; COT = 1,3,5-cyclooctatriene) precursor with H2 (3 bar) in the presence of substoichiometric amounts of the stabilizer (0.1-0.2 equiv.). Small and monodisperse nanoparticles exhibiting mean sizes between 1.1 and 1.2 nm were obtained, whose characterization was carried out by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), including high resolution TEM (HRTEM), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In particular, XPS measurements confirmed the presence of MIC ligands on the surfaces of the nanoparticles. The Ru·MIC nanoparticles were used in the isotopic H/D exchange of different hydrosilanes, hydroboranes, hydrogermananes and hydrostannanes using deuterium gas under mild conditions (1.0 mol% Ru, 1 bar D2, 55 °C). Selective labelling of the E-H (E = B, Si, Ge, Sn) bond in these derivatives, with high levels of deuterium incorporation, was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Molinillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA). CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Maxime Puyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA). CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Florencia Vattier
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla. CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Bertrand Lacroix
- Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Virgen de África 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nuria Rendón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA). CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Patricia Lara
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA). CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Andrés Suárez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA). CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
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Martinez-Espinar F, Salom-Català A, Bresó-Femenia E, Claver C, Baletto F, Ricart JM, Chaudret B, Carbó JJ, Godard C, Castillon S. Bringing Selectivity in H/D Exchange Reactions Catalyzed by Metal Nanoparticles through Modulation of the Metal and the Ligand Shell. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4570-4580. [PMID: 36893373 PMCID: PMC10031563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Ru and Rh nanoparticles catalyze the selective H/D exchange in phosphines using D2 as the deuterium source. The position of the deuterium incorporation is determined by the structure of the P-based substrates, while activity depends on the nature of the metal, the properties of the stabilizing agents, and the type of the substituent on phosphorus. The appropriate catalyst can thus be selected either for the exclusive H/D exchange in aromatic rings or also for alkyl substituents. The selectivity observed in each case provides relevant information on the coordination mode of the ligand. Density functional theory calculations provide insights into the H/D exchange mechanism and reveal a strong influence of the phosphine structure on the selectivity. The isotope exchange proceeds via C-H bond activation at nanoparticle edges. Phosphines with strong coordination through the phosphorus atom such as PPh3 or PPh2Me show preferred deuteration at ortho positions of aromatic rings and at the methyl substituents. This selectivity is observed because the corresponding C-H moieties can interact with the nanoparticle surface while the phosphine is P-coordinated, and the C-H activation results in stable metallacyclic intermediates. For weakly coordinating phosphines such as P(o-tolyl)3, the interaction with the nanoparticle can occur directly through phosphine substituents, and then, other deuteration patterns are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Martinez-Espinar
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano Objets, LPCNO, UMR5215 INSA-UPS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Antoni Salom-Català
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Emma Bresó-Femenia
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano Objets, LPCNO, UMR5215 INSA-UPS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Departament de Química Analítica i Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carmen Claver
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francesca Baletto
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, Strand Building, Strand WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Josep M Ricart
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Bruno Chaudret
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano Objets, LPCNO, UMR5215 INSA-UPS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Jorge J Carbó
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cyril Godard
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sergio Castillon
- Departament de Química Analítica i Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Swart M, Marais C, Erasmus E. Comparison of the Spectroscopically Measured Catalyst Transformation and Electrochemical Properties of Grubbs' First- and Second-Generation Catalysts. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:28642-28653. [PMID: 34746559 PMCID: PMC8567268 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
According to UV-vis spectroscopy (0.10 mM, CH2Cl2 at 25 °C), the catalyst transformation (which could possibly include ligand dissociation with active catalyst formation, dimer formation, and decomposition) rate constants (k obs) of Grubbs' first (1) and second (2) generation catalysts are 7.48 × 10-5 and 1.52 × 10-4 s-1, respectively. From 31P NMR (0.1 M, CD2Cl2, at 25 °C), the catalyst transformation was 5.1% for 1 and 16.5% for 2 after 72 h. However, due to the larger concentrations of the NMR samples compared to the UV-vis samples, the extent of transformation did not correspond. The oxidation potential of the RuII/RuIII couple of 2 (E°' = 27.5 mV at v = 200 mV s-1) was considerably lower than that of 1 (E°' = 167 mV at v = 200 mV s-1). In the case of 1, a second reduction peak appeared at slow scan rates. This may probably be ascribed to an electrochemically active compound that was formed from the intermediate cation 1 •+ and the subsequent reduction of the latter. The oxidation/reduction of 1 proceeds according to an ErCi electrochemical mechanism (Er = electrochemically reversible step, Ci = chemically irreversible step), whereas 2 proceeds according to an ErCr electrochemical mechanism (Er = electrochemically reversible step, Ci = chemically reversible step).
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Farizyan M, Mondal A, Mal S, Deufel F, van Gemmeren M. Palladium-Catalyzed Nondirected Late-Stage C-H Deuteration of Arenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16370-16376. [PMID: 34582686 PMCID: PMC8517979 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We describe a palladium-catalyzed nondirected late-stage deuteration of arenes. Key aspects include the use of D2O as a convenient and easily available deuterium source and the discovery of highly active N,N-bidentate ligands containing an N-acylsulfonamide group. The reported protocol enables high degrees of deuterium incorporation via a reversible C-H activation step and features extraordinary functional group tolerance, allowing for the deuteration of complex substrates. This is exemplified by the late-stage isotopic labeling of various pharmaceutically relevant motifs and related scaffolds. We expect that this method, among other applications, will prove useful as a tool in drug development processes and for mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Komuro T, Asagami J, Higashi H, Sato K, Hashimoto H, Tobita H. Catalysts for Regio- and Stereoselective C(sp3)–H Deuteration of Tricyclohexylphosphine with Benzene-d6 Generated via Dehydrochlorination of Chlorido(dihydrido)iridium Complexes Containing a Xanthene-Based Bis(silyl) Chelate Ligand. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Komuro
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Junpei Asagami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hironori Higashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Keita Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hisako Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tobita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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6
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Bouzouita D, Asensio JM, Pfeifer V, Palazzolo A, Lecante P, Pieters G, Feuillastre S, Tricard S, Chaudret B. Chemoselective H/D exchange catalyzed by nickel nanoparticles stabilized by N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:15736-15742. [PMID: 32677658 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04384b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With this work, we report the synthesis and full characterization of nickel nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, namely 1,3-bis(cyclohexyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene (ICy) and 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene (IMes). Although the resulting NPs have the same size, they display different magnetic properties and different reactivities, which result from ligand effects. In the context of H/D exchange on pharmaceutically relevant heterocycles, Ni@NHC shows a high chemoselectivity, avoiding the formation of undesired reduced side-products and enabling a variety of H/D exchange on nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds. Using 2-phenylpyridine as a model substrate, it was observed that deuteration occurred preferably at the α position of the nitrogen atom, which is the most accessible position for the C-H activation. In addition, Ni@IMes NPs are also able to fully deuterate the ortho positions of the phenyl substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donia Bouzouita
- LPCNO; Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 135, Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rosa Axet
- UPR8241, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route de NarbonneF-31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Karine Philippot
- UPR8241, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route de NarbonneF-31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
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8
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Asensio JM, Bouzouita D, van Leeuwen PWNM, Chaudret B. σ-H-H, σ-C-H, and σ-Si-H Bond Activation Catalyzed by Metal Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2019; 120:1042-1084. [PMID: 31659903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Activation of H-H, Si-H, and C-H bonds through σ-bond coordination has grown in the past 30 years from a scientific curiosity to an important tool in the functionalization of hydrocarbons. Several mechanisms were discovered via which the initially σ-bonded substrate could be converted: oxidative addition, heterolytic cleavage, σ-bond metathesis, electrophilic attack, etc. The use of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in this area is a more recent development, but obviously nanoparticles offer a much richer basis than classical homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for tuning reactivity for such a demanding process as C-H functionalization. Here, we will review the surface chemistry of nanoparticles and catalytic reactions occurring in the liquid phase, catalyzed by either colloidal or supported metal NPs. We consider nanoparticles prepared in solution, which are stabilized and tuned by polymers, ligands, and supports. The question we have addressed concerns the differences and similarities between molecular complexes and metal NPs in their reactivity toward σ-bond activation and functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Asensio
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse , CNRS , INSA, UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil , 31077 Toulouse , France
| | - Donia Bouzouita
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse , CNRS , INSA, UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil , 31077 Toulouse , France
| | - Piet W N M van Leeuwen
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse , CNRS , INSA, UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil , 31077 Toulouse , France
| | - Bruno Chaudret
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse , CNRS , INSA, UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil , 31077 Toulouse , France
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9
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Bouzouita D, Lippens G, Baquero EA, Fazzini PF, Pieters G, Coppel Y, Lecante P, Tricard S, Martínez-Prieto LM, Chaudret B. Tuning the catalytic activity and selectivity of water-soluble bimetallic RuPt nanoparticles by modifying their surface metal distribution. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:16544-16552. [PMID: 31455954 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04149d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic ruthenium-platinum nanoparticles (RuPt NPs) of different surface distributions and stabilized by using a sulfonated N-heterocyclic carbene ligand (1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3-(3-potassium sulfonatopropyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene) were prepared from Ru(COD)(COT) (COD = cyclooctadiene and COT = cyclooctatriene), and platinum precursors having various decomposition rates (Pt(NBE)3, NBE = norbornene, Pt(CH3)2(COD) and Pt2(DBA)3, DBA = dibenzylideneacetone). Structural and surface studies by FT-IR and solid-state MAS NMR, using carbon monoxide as a probe molecule, revealed the presence of different structures and surface compositions for different nanoparticles of similar sizes, which principally depend on the decomposition rate of the organometallic precursors used during the synthesis. Specifically, the slower the decomposition rate of the platinum precursor, the higher the number of Pt atoms at the NP surface. The different bimetallic RuPt NPs, as well as their monometallic equivalents (Pt and Ru NPs), were used in isotopic H/D exchange through C-H activation on l-lysine. Interestingly, the activity and selectivity of the direct C-H deuteration were dependent on the NP surface composition at the α position but not on that at the ε position. Chemical shift perturbation (CSP) experiments revealed that the difference in reactivity at the α position is due to a Pt-carboxylate interaction, which hinders the H/D exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donia Bouzouita
- LPCNO, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, INSA, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 135, Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
| | - Guy Lippens
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, UPS 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Edwin A Baquero
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá Carrera 30 No. 45-03, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pier F Fazzini
- LPCNO, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, INSA, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 135, Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
| | - Gregory Pieters
- SCBM, CEA, Univ. Paris Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yannick Coppel
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077-Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Pierre Lecante
- CEMES (Centre d'Elaboration de Matériaux et d'Etudes Structurales), CNRS, 29 Rue J. Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Tricard
- LPCNO, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, INSA, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 135, Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
| | - Luis M Martínez-Prieto
- LPCNO, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, INSA, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 135, Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
| | - Bruno Chaudret
- LPCNO, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, INSA, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 135, Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
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Zhao Y, Snieckus V. Amide-Directed Ru-Catalyzed Hydrodemethoxylation of ortho-Methoxy-Benzamides and -Naphthamides: A DoM Reaction Counterpart. Org Lett 2018; 20:2826-2830. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yigang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Victor Snieckus
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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11
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Yin DW, Liu G. Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective C–H Functionalization of Arenes Substituted by Two N-Heterocycles and Application in Late-Stage Functionalization. J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Yin
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Handian District, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Handian District, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Handian District, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
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12
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Martínez-Prieto LM, Baquero EA, Pieters G, Flores JC, de Jesús E, Nayral C, Delpech F, van Leeuwen PWNM, Lippens G, Chaudret B. Monitoring of nanoparticle reactivity in solution: interaction of l-lysine and Ru nanoparticles probed by chemical shift perturbation parallels regioselective H/D exchange. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:5850-5853. [PMID: 28504805 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02445b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to new water-soluble Ru nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized by sulfonated NHC ligands, we demonstrate that it is possible to monitor the catalyst/substrate interaction using NMR chemical shift perturbations (CSPs), under conditions that closely resemble those applied during the enantiospecific C-H deuteration of l-lysine. Correlating the pH dependence of the interaction of l-lysine with the surface of the RuNPs and its subsequent deuteration, our study underscores the importance of oriented binding to the surface as a critical factor for H/D exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Martínez-Prieto
- LPCNO, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, UMR5215 INSA-CNRS-UPS, Institut des Sciences appliquées, 135, Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
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13
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Martínez-Prieto LM, Chaudret B. Organometallic Ruthenium Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Surface Chemistry, and Insights into Ligand Coordination. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:376-384. [PMID: 29308876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although there has been for the past 20 years great interest in the synthesis and use of metal nanoparticles, little attention has been paid to the complexity of the surface of these species. In particular, the different aspects concerning the ligands present, their location, their mode of binding, and their dynamics have been little studied. Our group has started in the early 1990s an investigation of the surface coordination chemistry of ruthenium and platinum nanoparticles but at that time with a lack of adequate techniques to fulfill our ambition. Over 10 years later, we went back to this problem and could obtain a more precise vision of the surface species. This Account is centered on ruthenium chemistry. This metal has been the most studied in our group, first thanks to the availability of a precursor, Ru(cyclooctadiene)(cyclooctatriene) (Ru(COD)(COT)), which possesses the ability to decompose in very mild conditions without leaving residues on the resulting nanoparticles and second because of the absence of magnetic perturbations (Knight shift, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, etc.), which has allowed the use of solution and solid state NMR. In this respect, it has been possible to evidence the presence of a high concentration of hydrides on the surface of these particles, to study their dynamics, and to show that since the polarity of the Ru-H bond is similar to that of the C-H bond, a Ru/H NP would behave as a big lipophilic entity. The second point was to characterize the coordination of ancillary ligands. This has been achieved for different ligands, in particular phosphines and carbenes, which made possible the study of the modification of NP reactivity induced by surface ligands. This led to the conclusion that the presence of surface ligands can benefit both the activity of NP catalysts and their selectivity. If it was expected that the selectivity could be modulated, the promoting effect from the presence of ligands on, for example, arene or CO hydrogenation was totally unexpected. Playing with poison atoms (Sn, Fe, etc.) or ligands (CO) may allow us to play with the reactivity of the NPs to make them more selective for selected reactions. Finally, the search for specific ligands for nanoparticles is still in its infancy, but some examples have been found as have specific reactions of nanoparticles. Obviously arene hydrogenation and CO hydrogenation were well-known in heterogeneous catalysis, but we could demonstrate that they can be carried out in very mild conditions on ligand stabilized RuNPs. On the other hand, the enantiospecific C-H activation leading to enantioselective labeling of large organic or biomolecules or the C-C bond cleavage in mild conditions were both unexpected. There is still much work to perform for reaching the degree of control on nanoparticles that is presently achieved in organometallic molecular chemistry, but this work shows that it is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M. Martínez-Prieto
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, 135, Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Chaudret
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, 135, Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
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14
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Atzrodt J, Derdau V, Kerr WJ, Reid M. Methoden der C-H-Funktionalisierung für den Wasserstoffisotopenaustausch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Atzrodt
- Isotope Chemistry and Metabolite Synthesis, Integrated Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry; Industriepark Höchst, G876 65926 Frankfurt Deutschland
| | - Volker Derdau
- Isotope Chemistry and Metabolite Synthesis, Integrated Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry; Industriepark Höchst, G876 65926 Frankfurt Deutschland
| | - William J. Kerr
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow Scotland G1 1XL Großbritannien
| | - Marc Reid
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow Scotland G1 1XL Großbritannien
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Atzrodt J, Derdau V, Kerr WJ, Reid M. C-H Functionalisation for Hydrogen Isotope Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3022-3047. [PMID: 29024330 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The various applications of hydrogen isotopes (deuterium, D, and tritium, T) in the physical and life sciences demand a range of methods for their installation in an array of molecular architectures. In this Review, we describe recent advances in synthetic C-H functionalisation for hydrogen isotope exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Atzrodt
- Isotope Chemistry and Metabolite Synthesis, Integrated Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, G876, 65926, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volker Derdau
- Isotope Chemistry and Metabolite Synthesis, Integrated Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, G876, 65926, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - William J Kerr
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, Scotland, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Marc Reid
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, Scotland, G1 1XL, UK
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Liang X, Duttwyler S. Efficient Brønsted-Acid-Catalyzed Deuteration of Arenes and Their Transformation to Functionalized Deuterated Products. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Liang
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; 38 Zheda Road 310027 Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Simon Duttwyler
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; 38 Zheda Road 310027 Hangzhou P.R. China
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17
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Bhatia S, Spahlinger G, Boukhumseen N, Boll Q, Li Z, Jackson JE. Stereoretentive H/D Exchange via an Electroactivated Heterogeneous Catalyst at sp3C-H Sites Bearing Amines or Alcohols. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Souful Bhatia
- Department of Chemistry; Michigan State University; 48824 E. Lansing MI USA
| | - Greg Spahlinger
- Department of Chemistry; Michigan State University; 48824 E. Lansing MI USA
| | - Nehal Boukhumseen
- Department of Chemistry; Michigan State University; 48824 E. Lansing MI USA
| | - Quentin Boll
- Department of Chemistry; Michigan State University; 48824 E. Lansing MI USA
| | - Zhenglong Li
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory; 37831 Oak Ridge TN USA
| | - James E. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry; Michigan State University; 48824 E. Lansing MI USA
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pla
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR 8241, 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Montserrat Gómez
- Laboratoire
Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, UPS and CNRS UMR 5069, 118
Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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