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Steiner ST, Maisuls I, Junker A, Fritz G, Faust A, Strassert CA. Concerning the photophysics of fluorophores towards tailored bioimaging compounds: a case study involving S100A9 inflammation markers. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2093-2104. [PMID: 37303026 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A full understanding concerning the photophysical properties of a fluorescent label is crucial for a reliable and predictable performance in biolabelling applications. This holds true not only for the choice of a fluorophore in general, but also for the correct interpretation of data, considering the complexity of biological environments. In the frame of a case study involving inflammation imaging, we report the photophysical characterization of four fluorescent S100A9-targeting compounds in terms of UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy, fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) and excited state lifetimes (τ) as well as the evaluation of the radiative and non-radiative rate constants (kr and knr, respectively). The probes were synthesized based on a 2-amino benzimidazole-based lead structure in combination with commercially available dyes, covering a broad color range from green (6-FAM) over orange (BODIPY-TMR) to red (BODIPY-TR) and near-infrared (Cy5.5) emission. The effect of conjugation with the targeting structure was addressed by comparison of the probes with their corresponding dye-azide precursors. Additionally, the 6-FAM and Cy5.5 probes were measured in the presence of murine S100A9 to determine whether protein binding influences their photophysical properties. An interesting rise in ΦF upon binding of 6-FAM-SST177 to murine S100A9 enabled the determination of its dissociation equilibrium constant, reaching up to KD = 324 nM. This result gives an outlook for potential applications of our compounds in S100A9 inflammation imaging and fluorescence assay developments. With respect to the other dyes, this study demonstrates how diverse microenvironmental factors can severely impair their performance while rendering them poor performers in biological media, showing that a preliminary photophysical screening is key to assess the suitability of a particular luminophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T Steiner
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Röntgenstraße 16, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Iván Maisuls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Junker
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Röntgenstraße 16, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Günter Fritz
- Cellular Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 30, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Faust
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Röntgenstraße 16, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- Center for Nanotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Yu Y, Zhang X, Chen Y, Li Y, Bian S, Yang Y, Song H, Zhang C, Dong Z, Li G, Xu L, Jia Z, Liu Y, He X, Yang M, Guo J, Zhou Z, Zhang Y. Single-cell sequencing of immune cells after marathon and symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise. iScience 2023; 26:106532. [PMID: 37123249 PMCID: PMC10130917 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vigorous-intensity leisure-time physical activity, such as marathon, has become increasingly popular, but its effect on immune functions and health is poorly understood. Here, we performed scRNA-seq analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after a bout of symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) test or marathon. Time-series single-cell analysis revealed the detailed series of landscapes of immune cells in response to short and long vigorous-intensity activities. Reduction of effective T cells was observed with the cell migration and motility pathways enriched in circulation following marathon. Baseline values of PBMCs abundance were reached around 1 h after CPX and 24 h following marathon, but longer time was required for expression recovery of cytotoxicity genes. The ratio of effector/naive T cells was found to change uniformly among the participants and could serve as a better indicator for exercise intensity than the CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio. Moreover, we identified time-dependent monocyte state transitions after marathon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Yu
- Sports & Medicine Integration Research Center (SMIRC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yanjing Chen
- Sports & Medicine Integration Research Center (SMIRC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanze Li
- CapitalBio Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Suying Bian
- Beijing Zijing Biological Co., LTD, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhuo Yang
- Sports & Medicine Integration Research Center (SMIRC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hanan Song
- Sports & Medicine Integration Research Center (SMIRC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Sports & Medicine Integration Research Center (SMIRC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
- Taizhou Vocational College of Science & Technology, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, China
| | - Zhenhe Dong
- Sports & Medicine Integration Research Center (SMIRC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Sports & Medicine Integration Research Center (SMIRC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Luyou Xu
- Institute for Sport Performance and Health Promotion, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhuang Jia
- Institute for Sport Performance and Health Promotion, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute for Sport Performance and Health Promotion, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyi He
- Institute for Sport Performance and Health Promotion, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Institute for Sport Performance and Health Promotion, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Sports & Medicine Integration Research Center (SMIRC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhou
- Institute for Sport Performance and Health Promotion, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Sports & Medicine Integration Research Center (SMIRC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
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Austermann J, Roth J, Barczyk-Kahlert K. The Good and the Bad: Monocytes' and Macrophages' Diverse Functions in Inflammation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121979. [PMID: 35741108 PMCID: PMC9222172 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages are central players of the innate immune response and play a pivotal role in the regulation of inflammation. Thereby, they actively participate in all phases of the immune response, from initiating inflammation and triggering the adaptive immune response, through to the clearance of cell debris and resolution of inflammation. In this review, we described the mechanisms of monocyte and macrophage adaptation to rapidly changing microenvironmental conditions and discussed different forms of macrophage polarization depending on the environmental cues or pathophysiological condition. Therefore, special focus was placed on the tight regulation of the pro- and anti-inflammatory immune response, and the diverse functions of S100A8/S100A9 proteins and the scavenger receptor CD163 were highlighted, respectively. We paid special attention to the function of pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages under pathological conditions.
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G-MDSCs promote aging-related cardiac fibrosis by activating myofibroblasts and preventing senescence. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:594. [PMID: 34103476 PMCID: PMC8187421 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging is one of the most prominent risk factors for heart failure. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) accumulate in aged tissue and have been confirmed to be associated with various aging-related diseases. However, the role of MDSCs in the aging heart remains unknown. Through RNA-seq and biochemical approaches, we found that granulocytic MDSCs (G-MDSCs) accumulated significantly in the aging heart compared with monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs). Therefore, we explored the effects of G-MDSCs on the aging heart. We found that the adoptive transfer of G-MDSCs of aging mice to young hearts resulted in cardiac diastolic dysfunction by inducing cardiac fibrosis, similar to that in aging hearts. S100A8/A9 derived from G-MDSCs induced inflammatory phenotypes and increased the osteopontin (OPN) level in fibroblasts. The upregulation of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) expression in fibroblasts mediated by G-MDSCs promoted antisenescence and antiapoptotic phenotypes of fibroblasts. SOX9 is the downstream gene of FGF2 and is required for FGF2-mediated and G-MDSC-mediated profibrotic effects. Interestingly, both FGF2 levels and SOX9 levels were upregulated in fibroblasts but not in G-MDSCs and were independent of S100A8/9. Therefore, a novel FGF2-SOX9 signaling axis that regulates fibroblast self-renewal and antiapoptotic phenotypes was identified. Our study revealed the mechanism by which G-MDSCs promote cardiac fibrosis via the secretion of S100A8/A9 and the regulation of FGF2-SOX9 signaling in fibroblasts during aging.
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Demidov OP, Pobedinskaya DY, Borovleva AА, Avakyan EK, Ermolenko AP, Aksenov AV, Borovlev IV. SNH-Arylamination of 1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one Nitro Derivatives. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-02889-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Eisenblätter M, Wildgruber M. Optical and Optoacoustic Imaging Probes. Recent Results Cancer Res 2020; 216:337-355. [PMID: 32594392 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42618-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tissue has characteristic properties when it comes to light absorption and scattering. For optical (OI) and optoacoustic imaging (OAI) these properties can be utilised to visualise biological tissue characteristics, as, for example, the oxygenation state of haemoglobin alters the optical and optoacoustic properties of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Eisenblätter
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Department of Radiology, Ludwig Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Myeloid related protein 8/14 is a new candidate biomarker and therapeutic target for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Holzinger D, Tenbrock K, Roth J. Alarmins of the S100-Family in Juvenile Autoimmune and Auto-Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:182. [PMID: 30828327 PMCID: PMC6384255 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune and auto-inflammatory diseases in children are causing chronic inflammation, organ damage, and pain. Although several options for treatment are nowadays available a significant number of patients does not respond sufficiently to current therapies. In these diseases inflammatory processes are triggered by numerous exogenous and endogenous factors. There is now increasing evidence that especially a novel family of pro-inflammatory molecules, named alarmins, play a significant role in inflammatory processes underlying these diseases. Alarmins are endogenous proteins released during stress reactions that confer inflammatory signaling via Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), like the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). The most abundant alarmins in juvenile rheumatic diseases belong to the family of pro-inflammatory calcium-binding S100-proteins. In this review we will give a general introduction in S100-biology. We will demonstrate the functional relevance of these proteins in animal models of autoimmune and auto-inflammatory diseases. We will show the expression patterns of S100-alarmins and correlation to disease activity in different forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, auto-inflammatory diseases, and systemic autoimmune disorders. Finally, we will discuss the clinical use of S100-alarmins as biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of rheumatic diseases in children and will point out potential future therapeutic approaches targeting inflammatory effects mediated by S100-alarmins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Holzinger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
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A Non-Peptidic S100A9 Specific Ligand for Optical Imaging of Phagocyte Activity In Vivo. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:407-416. [PMID: 29185197 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-invasive assessment of inflammatory activity in the course of various diseases is a largely unmet clinical challenge. An early feature of inflammation is local secretion of the alarmin S100A8/A9 by activated phagocytes. We here evaluate a novel S100A9-targeted small molecule tracer Cy5.5-CES271 for in vivo optical imaging of inflammatory activity in exemplary disease models. PROCEDURES Dynamics of Cy5.5-CES271 was characterized in a model of irritant contact dermatitis by sequential fluorescence reflectance imaging (FRI) up to 24 h postinjection (p.i.). Specificity of Cy5.5-CES271 binding to S100A9 in vivo was examined by blocking studies and by employing S100A9-/- mice. Finally, S100A9 secretion in acute lung inflammation was assessed by Cy5.5-CES271 and FRI of explanted lungs. RESULTS In ear inflammation, we were able to non-invasively follow the time course of S100A9 expression using Cy5.5-CES271 and FRI over 24 h p.i. (peak activity at 3 h p.i.). Specificity of imaging could be shown by a significant signal reduction after predosing and using S100A9-/- mice. In acute lung injury, local and systemic S100A8/A9 levels increased over time and correlated significantly with FRI signal levels in explanted lungs. CONCLUSIONS Cy5.5-CES271 shows significant accumulation in models of inflammatory diseases and specific binding to S100A9 in vivo. This study, for the first time, demonstrates the potential of a small molecule non-peptidic tracer enabling imaging of S100A9 as a marker of local phagocyte activity in inflammatory scenarios suggesting this compound class for translational attempts.
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Li Z, Li B, Yang AJ, Zhang FL. Concise Synthesis of Key Intermediates of Pyriftalid and Paquinimod via Hydrogenation Method. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Li
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmacetical Industry, 285 Gebaini
Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bing Li
- Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Xiacheng, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - An-Jiang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmacetical Industry, 285 Gebaini
Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fu-Li Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmacetical Industry, 285 Gebaini
Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
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Austermann J, Zenker S, Roth J. S100-alarmins: potential therapeutic targets for arthritis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:739-751. [PMID: 28494625 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1330411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In arthritis, inflammatory processes are triggered by numerous factors that are released from joint tissues, promoting joint destruction and pathological progression. During inflammation, a novel family of pro-inflammatory molecules called alarmins is released, amplifying inflammation and joint damage. Areas covered: With regard to the role of the alarmins S100A8 and S100A9 in the pathogenesis of arthritis, recent advances and the future prospects in terms of therapeutic implications are considered. Expert opinion: There is still an urgent need for novel treatment strategies addressing the local mechanisms of joint inflammation and tissue destruction, offering promising therapeutic alternatives. S100A8 and S100A9, which are the most up-regulated alarmins during arthritis, are endogenous triggers of inflammation, defining these proteins as promising targets for local suppression of arthritis. In murine models, the blockade of S100A8/S100A9 ameliorates inflammatory processes, including arthritis, and there are several lines of evidence that S100-alarmins may already be targeted in therapeutic approaches in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Austermann
- a Institute of Immunology , University of Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Stefanie Zenker
- a Institute of Immunology , University of Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- a Institute of Immunology , University of Münster , Münster , Germany
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Pruenster M, Vogl T, Roth J, Sperandio M. S100A8/A9: From basic science to clinical application. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 167:120-131. [PMID: 27492899 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils and monocytes belong to the first line of immune defence cells and are recruited to sites of inflammation during infection or sterile injury. Both cells contain huge amounts of the heterodimeric protein S100A8/A9 in their cytoplasm. S100A8/A9 belongs to the Ca2+ binding S100 protein family and has recently gained a lot of interest as a critical alarmin modulating the inflammatory response after its release (extracellular S100A8/A9) from neutrophils and monocytes. Extracellular S100A8/A9 interacts with the pattern recognition receptors Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) promoting cell activation and recruitment. Besides its biological function, S100A8/A9 (also known as myeloid related protein 8/14, MRP8/14) was identified as interesting biomarker to monitor disease activity in chronic inflammatory disorders including inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, S100A8/A9 has been tested successfully in pre-clinical imaging studies to localize sites of infection or sterile injury. Finally, recent evidence using small molecule inhibitors for S100A8/A9 also suggests that blocking S100A8/A9 activity exerts beneficial effects on disease activity in animal models of autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. This review will provide a comprehensive and detailed overview into the structure and biological function of S100A8/A9 and also will give an outlook in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic applications targeting S100A8/A9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pruenster
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany.
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Hao F, Asahara H, Nishiwaki N. A direct and vicinal functionalization of the 1-methyl-2-quinolone framework: 4-alkoxylation and 3-chlorination. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5128-35. [PMID: 27181022 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00868b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bis(functionalization), 4-alkoxylation and 3-chlorination, of the 1-methyl-2-quinolone framework was achieved under mild conditions by a sequential treatment of 3-nitrated 1-methyl-2-quinolones with sodium alkoxide and N-chlorosuccinimide. Moreover, a succinimide group instead of an alkoxy group was introduced at the 4-position, affording a masked form of the 4-amino-3-chloro-2-quinolone derivative. Furthermore, the prepared vicinally functionalized quinolones thus obtained were subjected to a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, arylating the 3-position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyue Hao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan.
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