1
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Fan CY, Wang SW, Chung C, Chen JY, Chang CY, Chen YC, Hsu TL, Cheng TJR, Wong CH. Synthesis of a dendritic cell-targeted self-assembled polymeric nanoparticle for selective delivery of mRNA vaccines to elicit enhanced immune responses. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11626-11632. [PMID: 39055027 PMCID: PMC11268467 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06575h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent development of SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccines to control the pandemic is a breakthrough in the field of vaccine development. mRNA vaccines are generally formulated with lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) which are composed of several lipids with specific ratios; however, they generally lack selective delivery. To develop a selective delivery method for mRNA vaccine formulation, we reported here the synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) composed of a guanidine copolymer containing zwitterionic groups and a dendritic cell (DC)-targeted aryl-trimannoside ligand for encapsulation and selective delivery of an mRNA to dendritic cells. A DC-targeted SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA-PNP vaccine was shown to elicit a stronger protective immune response in mice compared to the traditional mRNA-LNP vaccine and those without the selective delivery design. It is anticipated that this technology is generally applicable to other mRNA vaccines for DC-targeted delivery with enhanced immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yo Fan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Cinya Chung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yan Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Ling Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla California 92037 USA
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2
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Lu J, Dai Y, He Y, Zhang T, Zhang J, Chen X, Jiang C, Lu H. Organ/Cell-Selective Intracellular Delivery of Biologics via N-Acetylated Galactosamine-Functionalized Polydisulfide Conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3974-3983. [PMID: 38299512 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Biologics, including proteins and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), face significant challenges when it comes to achieving intracellular delivery within specific organs or cells through systemic administrations. In this study, we present a novel approach for delivering proteins and ASOs to liver cells, both in vitro and in vivo, using conjugates that tether N-acetylated galactosamine (GalNAc)-functionalized, cell-penetrating polydisulfides (PDSs). The method involves the thiol-bearing cargo-mediated ring-opening polymerization of GalNAc-functionalized lipoamide monomers through the so-called aggregation-induced polymerization, leading to the formation of site-specific protein/ASO-PDS conjugates with narrow dispersity. The hepatocyte-selective intracellular delivery of the conjugates arises from a combination of factors, including first GalNAc binding with ASGPR receptors on liver cells, leading to cell immobilization, and the subsequent thiol-disulfide exchange occurring on the cell surface, promoting internalization. Our findings emphasize the critical role of the close proximity of the PDS backbone to the cell surface, as it governs the success of thiol-disulfide exchange and, consequently, cell penetration. These conjugates hold tremendous potential in overcoming the various biological barriers encountered during systemic and cell-specific delivery of biomacromolecular cargos, opening up new avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of a range of liver-targeting diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhao Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahui He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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3
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Prange CJ, Hu X, Tang L. Smart chemistry for traceless release of anticancer therapeutics. Biomaterials 2023; 303:122353. [PMID: 37925794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
In the design of delivery strategies for anticancer therapeutics, the controlled release of intact cargo at the destined tumor and metastasis locations is of particular importance. To this end, stimuli-responsive chemical linkers have been extensively investigated owing to their ability to respond to tumor-specific physiological stimuli, such as lowered pH, altered redox conditions, increased radical oxygen species and pathological enzymatic activities. To prevent premature action and off-target effects, anticancer therapeutics are chemically modified to be transiently inactivated, a strategy known as prodrug development. Prodrugs are reactivated upon stimuli-dependent release at the sites of interest. As most drugs and therapeutic proteins have the optimal activity when released from carriers in their native and original forms, traceless release mechanisms are increasingly investigated. In this review, we summarize the chemical toolkit for developing innovative traceless prodrug strategies for stimuli-responsive drug delivery and discuss the applications of these chemical modifications in anticancer treatment including cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Jasmin Prange
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Li Tang
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland; Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
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4
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Tvilum A, Johansen MI, Glud LN, Ivarsen DM, Khamas AB, Carmali S, Mhatre SS, Søgaard AB, Faddy E, de Vor L, Rooijakkers SHM, Østergaard L, Jørgensen NP, Meyer RL, Zelikin AN. Antibody-Drug Conjugates to Treat Bacterial Biofilms via Targeting and Extracellular Drug Release. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301340. [PMID: 37290045 PMCID: PMC10427384 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of implant-associated bacterial infections and biofilms is an urgent medical need and a grand challenge because biofilms protect bacteria from the immune system and harbor antibiotic-tolerant persister cells. This need is addressed herein through an engineering of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that contain an anti-neoplastic drug mitomycin C, which is also a potent antimicrobial against biofilms. The ADCs designed herein release the conjugated drug without cell entry, via a novel mechanism of drug release which likely involves an interaction of ADC with the thiols on the bacterial cell surface. ADCs targeted toward bacteria are superior by the afforded antimicrobial effects compared to the non-specific counterpart, in suspension and within biofilms, in vitro, and in an implant-associated murine osteomyelitis model in vivo. The results are important in developing ADC for a new area of application with a significant translational potential, and in addressing an urgent medical need of designing a treatment of bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tvilum
- Department of ChemistryAarhus UniversityAarhus C8000Denmark
| | - Mikkel I. Johansen
- Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus N8200Denmark
- Department of Infectious DiseasesAarhus University HospitalAarhus N8200Denmark
| | - Lærke N. Glud
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityAarhus C8000Denmark
| | - Diana M. Ivarsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityAarhus C8000Denmark
| | - Amanda B. Khamas
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityAarhus C8000Denmark
| | | | - Snehit Satish Mhatre
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityAarhus C8000Denmark
| | - Ane B. Søgaard
- Department of ChemistryAarhus UniversityAarhus C8000Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityAarhus C8000Denmark
| | - Emma Faddy
- Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus N8200Denmark
| | - Lisanne de Vor
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Lars Østergaard
- Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus N8200Denmark
- Department of Infectious DiseasesAarhus University HospitalAarhus N8200Denmark
| | - Nis P. Jørgensen
- Department of Infectious DiseasesAarhus University HospitalAarhus N8200Denmark
| | - Rikke L. Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityAarhus C8000Denmark
- Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus C8000Denmark
| | - Alexander N. Zelikin
- Department of ChemistryAarhus UniversityAarhus C8000Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityAarhus C8000Denmark
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5
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Wan Y, Wang W, Lai Q, Wu M, Feng S. Advances in cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s for intracellular delivery of therapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2023:103668. [PMID: 37321318 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Efficient intracellular delivery is essential for most therapeutic agents; however, existing delivery vectors face a dilemma between efficiency and toxicity, and always encounter the challenge of endolysosomal trapping. The cell-penetrating poly(disulfide) (CPD) is an effective tool for intracellular delivery, as it is taken up through thiol-mediated cellular uptake, thus avoiding endolysosomal entrapment and ensuring efficient cytosolic availability. Upon cellular uptake, CPD undergoes reductive depolymerization by glutathione inside cells and has minimal cytotoxicity. This review summarizes CPD's chemical synthesis approaches, cellular uptake mechanism, and recent advances in the intracellular delivery of proteins, antibodies, nucleic acids, and other nanoparticles. Overall, CPD is a promising candidate carrier for efficient intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wan
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Wangxia Wang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Qiuyue Lai
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Mingyu Wu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Shun Feng
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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6
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He X, Xiong S, Sun Y, Zhong M, Xiao N, Zhou Z, Wang T, Tang Y, Xie J. Recent Progress of Rational Modified Nanocarriers for Cytosolic Protein Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1610. [PMID: 37376059 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins garnered significant attention in the field of disease treatment. In comparison to small molecule drugs, protein therapies offer distinct advantages, including high potency, specificity, low toxicity, and reduced carcinogenicity, even at minimal concentrations. However, the full potential of protein therapy is limited by inherent challenges such as large molecular size, delicate tertiary structure, and poor membrane penetration, resulting in inefficient intracellular delivery into target cells. To address these challenges and enhance the clinical applications of protein therapies, various protein-loaded nanocarriers with tailored modifications were developed, including liposomes, exosomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and nanomotors. Despite these advancements, many of these strategies encounter significant issues such as entrapment within endosomes, leading to low therapeutic efficiency. In this review, we extensively discussed diverse strategies for the rational design of nanocarriers, aiming to overcome these limitations. Additionally, we presented a forward-looking viewpoint on the innovative generation of delivery systems specifically tailored for protein-based therapies. Our intention was to offer theoretical and technical support for the development and enhancement of nanocarriers capable of facilitating cytosolic protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Geriatrics, The Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Su Xiong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Yansun Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Min Zhong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Nianting Xiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Yaqin Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
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7
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Hickey JC, Hurst PJ, Patterson JP, Guan Z. Facile Synthesis of Multifunctional Bioreducible Polymers for mRNA Delivery. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203393. [PMID: 36469740 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioreducible polymeric mRNA carriers are an emerging family of vectors for gene delivery and vaccine development. A few bioreducible systems have been generated through aqueous-phase ring-opening polymerization of lipoic acid derivatives, however this methodology limits hydrophobic group incorporation and functionality into resulting polymers. Herein, a poly(active ester)disulfide polymer is synthesized that can undergo facile aminolysis with amine-containing substrates under stoichiometric control and mild reaction conditions to yield a library of multifunctional polydisulfide polymers. Functionalized polydisulfide polymer species form stable mRNA-polymer nanoparticles for intracellular delivery of mRNAs in vitro. Alkyl-functionalized polydisulfide-RNA nanoparticles demonstrate rapid cellular uptake and excellent biodegradability when delivering EGFP and OVA mRNAs to cells in vitro. This streamlined polydisulfide synthesis provides a new facile methodology for accessing multifunctional bioreducible polymers as biomaterials for RNA delivery and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Hickey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Paul J Hurst
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Joseph P Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.,Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.,Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
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8
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Declas N, Maynard JRJ, Menin L, Gasilova N, Götze S, Sprague JL, Stallforth P, Matile S, Waser J. Tyrosine bioconjugation with hypervalent iodine. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12808-12817. [PMID: 36519034 PMCID: PMC9645396 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04558c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine reagents have recently emerged as powerful tools for late-stage peptide and protein functionalization. Herein we report a tyrosine bioconjugation methodology for the introduction of hypervalent iodine onto biomolecules under physiological conditions. Tyrosine residues were engaged in a selective addition onto the alkynyl bond of ethynylbenziodoxolones (EBX), resulting in stable vinylbenziodoxolones (VBX) bioconjugates. The methodology was successfully applied to peptides and proteins and tolerated all other nucleophilic residues, with the exception of cysteine. The generated VBX were further functionalized by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling and azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions. The method could be successfully used to modify bioactive natural products and native streptavidin to enable thiol-mediated cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Declas
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneCH-1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - John R. J. Maynard
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva1211 GenevaSwitzerland
| | - Laure Menin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL1015 LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Natalia Gasilova
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL1015 LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Sebastian Götze
- Department of Paleobiotechnology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI)07745 JenaGermany
| | - Jakob L. Sprague
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI)07745 JenaGermany
| | - Pierre Stallforth
- Department of Paleobiotechnology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI)07745 JenaGermany
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva1211 GenevaSwitzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneCH-1015LausanneSwitzerland
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9
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Lu J, Xu Z, Fu H, Lin Y, Wang H, Lu H. Room-Temperature Grafting from Synthesis of Protein-Polydisulfide Conjugates via Aggregation-Induced Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15709-15717. [PMID: 35976716 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reversible modification of proteins with lipoic acid (LPA)-derived polydisulfides (PDS) is an important approach toward the transient regulation and on-demand recovery of protein functions. The in situ growth of PDS from the cysteine (Cys) residue of a protein, however, has been challenging due to the near-equilibrium thermodynamics of the ring-opening polymerization of LPA. Here, we report the protein-mediated, aggregation-induced polymerization (AIP) of amphiphilic LPA-derived monomers at room temperature, which can be performed at a concentration as low as ∼2% of the equilibrium monomer concentration normally needed. The aggregation of monomers increases the effective monomer concentration in aqueous solutions to the degree that the polymerizations behave similarly to those in bulk. The PDS conjugation enhances the thermostability, protease resistance, and tolerance to freeze-thaw treatments of the target proteins. Moreover, the PDS conjugation allows rapid and convenient purification of Cys-bearing proteins by taking advantage of the liquid-liquid phase separation of the protein-PDS conjugates and the full recovery of native proteins under mild reducing conditions. This AIP effect may shed light on facilitating other polymerizations with a similar near-equilibrium character. The PDS conjugation can open up new avenues to protein delivery, dynamic and reversible protein engineering, enzyme preservation, and recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhun Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailin Fu
- Institute of Materials Science & Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Yao Lin
- Institute of Materials Science & Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Huan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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10
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Qualls ML, Lou J, McBee DP, Baccile JA, Best MD. Cyclic Disulfide Liposomes for Membrane Functionalization and Cellular Delivery. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201164. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Qualls
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee 1420 Circle Drive Knoxville TN, 37996 USA
| | - Jinchao Lou
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee 1420 Circle Drive Knoxville TN, 37996 USA
| | - Dillon P. McBee
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee 1420 Circle Drive Knoxville TN, 37996 USA
| | - Joshua A. Baccile
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee 1420 Circle Drive Knoxville TN, 37996 USA
| | - Michael D. Best
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee 1420 Circle Drive Knoxville TN, 37996 USA
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11
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Li X, Wang C, Wang L, Huang R, Li WC, Wang X, Wong SSW, Cai Z, Leung KCF, Jin L. A glutathione-responsive silica-based nanosystem capped with in-situ polymerized cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s for precisely modulating immuno-inflammatory responses. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 614:322-336. [PMID: 35104706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Precise modulation of immuno-inflammatory response is crucial to control periodontal diseases and related systemic comorbidities. The present nanosystem with the controlled-release and cell-penetrating manner enhances the inflammation modulation effects of baicalein in human gingival epithelial cells (hGECs) for better oral healthcare. EXPERIMENTS We constructed a red-emissive mesoporous silica nanoparticle-based nanosystem with cell-penetrating poly(disulfide) (CPD) capping, through a facile in-situ polymerization approach. It was featured with a glutathione-responsive manner and instant cellular internalization capacity for precisely delivering baicalein intracellularly. Laboratory experiments assessed whether and how the nanosystem per se with the delivered baicalein could modulate immuno-inflammatory responses in hGECs. FINDINGS The in-situ polymerized CPD layer capped the nanoparticles and yet controlled the release of baicalein in a glutathione-responsive manner. The CPD coating could facilitate cellular internalization of the nanosystem via endocytosis and thiol-mediated approaches. Notably, the intracellularly released baicalein effectively downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines through inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. The nanosystem per se could modulate immuno-inflammatory responses by passivating the cellular response to interlukin-1β. This study highlights that the as-synthesized nanosystem may serve as a novel multi-functional vehicle to modulate innate host response via targeting the NF-κB pathway for precision healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Regina Huang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wai-Chung Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xinna Wang
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | | | - Zongwei Cai
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ken Cham-Fai Leung
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Lijian Jin
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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12
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Horn JM, Obermeyer AC. Genetic and Covalent Protein Modification Strategies to Facilitate Intracellular Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4883-4904. [PMID: 34855385 PMCID: PMC9310055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based therapeutics represent a rapidly growing segment of approved disease treatments. Successful intracellular delivery of proteins is an important precondition for expanded in vivo and in vitro applications of protein therapeutics. Direct modification of proteins and peptides for improved cytosolic translocation are a promising method of increasing delivery efficiency and expanding the viability of intracellular protein therapeutics. In this Review, we present recent advances in both synthetic and genetic protein modifications for intracellular delivery. Active endocytosis-based and passive internalization pathways are discussed, followed by a review of modification methods for improved cytosolic delivery. After establishing how proteins can be modified, general strategies for facilitating intracellular delivery, such as chemical supercharging or inclusion of cell-penetrating motifs, are covered. We then outline protein modifications that promote endosomal escape. We finally examine the delivery of two potential classes of therapeutic proteins, antibodies and associated antibody fragments, and gene editing proteins, such as cas9.
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13
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Zhang R, Nie T, Fang Y, Huang H, Wu J. Poly(disulfide)s: From Synthesis to Drug Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2021; 23:1-19. [PMID: 34874705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioresponsive polymers have been widely used in drug delivery because of their degradability. For example, poly(disulfide)s with repeating disulfide bonds in the main chain have attracted considerable research attention. The characteristics of the disulfide bonds, including their dynamic and reversible properties and their responsiveness to stimuli such as reductants, light, heat, and mechanical force, make them ideal platforms for on-demand drug delivery. This review introduces the synthesis methods and applications of poly(disulfide)s. Furthermore, the synthesis methods of poly(disulfide)s are classified on the basis of the monomers used: oxidative step-growth polymerization with dithiols, ring-opening polymerization with cyclic disulfides, and polymerization with linear disulfides. In addition, recent advances in poly(disulfide)s for the delivery of small-molecule or biomacromolecular drugs are discussed. Quantum-dot-loaded poly(disulfide) delivery systems for imaging are also included. This review provides an overview of the various design strategies employed in the construction of poly(disulfide) platforms to inspire new applications in the field of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Tianqi Nie
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yifen Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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14
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Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanosystems for Controlled Drug Delivery. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11209541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible nanosystems based on polymeric materials are promising drug delivery nanocarrier candidates for antitumor therapy. However, the efficacy is unsatisfying due to nonspecific accumulation and drug release of the nanoparticles in normal tissue. Recently, the nanosystems that can be triggered by tumor-specific stimuli have drawn great interest for drug delivery applications due to their controllable drug release properties. In this review, various polymers and external stimuli that can be employed to develop stimuli-responsive polymeric nanosystems are discussed, and finally, we delineate the challenges in designing this kind of Nanomedicine to improve the therapeutic efficacy.
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15
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Lu F, Zhang H, Pan W, Li N, Tang B. Delivery nanoplatforms based on dynamic covalent chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7067-7082. [PMID: 34195709 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02246f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As a paramount factor to restrict the potential action of drugs and biologics, nanoplatforms based on dynamic covalent chemistry have been demonstrated as promising candidates to fulfill the full requirements during the whole delivery process by the virtue of their remarkable features such as adaptiveness, stimuli-responsiveness, specificity, reversibility and feasibility. This contribution summarizes the latest progress in dynamic covalent bond-based nanoplatforms with improved delivery efficiency and therapeutic performance. In addition, major challenges and perspectives in this field are also discussed. We expect that this feature article will provide a valuable and systematic reference for the further development of dynamic covalent bond-based nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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16
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Guo J, Wan T, Li B, Pan Q, Xin H, Qiu Y, Ping Y. Rational Design of Poly(disulfide)s as a Universal Platform for Delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 Machineries toward Therapeutic Genome Editing. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:990-1000. [PMID: 34235260 PMCID: PMC8227594 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized a series of poly(disulfide)s by ring-opening polymerization and demonstrated that the copolymerization of monomer 1 containing diethylenetriamine moieties and monomer 2 containing guanidyl ligands could generate an efficient delivery platform for different forms of CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editors, including plasmid, mRNA, and protein. The excellent delivery performance of designed poly(disulfide)s stems from their delicate molecular structures to interact with genome-editing biomacromolecules, unique delivery pathways to mediate the cellular uptake of CRISPR-Cas9 cargoes, and strong ability to escape the endosome. The degradation of poly(disulfide)s by intracellular glutathione not only promotes the timely release of CRISPR-Cas9 machineries into the cytosol but also minimizes the cytotoxicity that nondegradable polymeric carriers often encounter. These merits collectively account for the excellent ability of poly(disulfide)s to mediate different forms of CRISPR-Cas9 for their efficient genome-editing activities in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Guo
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Wan
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Liangzhu
Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical
Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Bowen Li
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qi Pan
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huhu Xin
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yayu Qiu
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuan Ping
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Liangzhu
Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical
Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- E-mail:
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17
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Ji W, Li X, Xiao M, Sun Y, Lai W, Zhang H, Pei H, Li L. DNA-Scaffolded Disulfide Redox Network for Programming Drug-Delivery Kinetics. Chemistry 2021; 27:8745-8752. [PMID: 33778987 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In response to specific stimuli, dynamic covalent materials enable the generation of new structures by reversibly forming/breaking chemical bonds, thus showing great potential for application in controlled drug release. However, using dynamic covalent chemistry to program drug-delivery kinetics remains challenging. Herein, an in situ polymerization-generated DNA-scaffolded disulfide redox network (DdiSRN) is reported in which nucleic acids are used as a scaffold for dynamic disulfide bonds. The constructed DdiSRN allows selective release of loading cargos inside cancer cells in response to redox stimuli. Moreover, the density of disulfide bonds in network can be tuned by precise control over their position and number on DNA scaffolds. As a result, drug-delivery kinetics can be programmed with a half-life, t1/2 , decreasing from 8.3 to 4.4 h, thus facilitating keeping an adequate drug concentration within the therapeutic window. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirm that co-delivery of DOX and siRNA in combination with fast drug release inside cells using this DdiSRN enhances the therapeutic effect on multidrug-resistant cancer. This nontrivial therapeutic platform enabling kinetic control provides a good paradigm for precision cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ji
- Department Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Department Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Mingshu Xiao
- Department Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yueyang Sun
- Department Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lai
- Department Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory and Turku Bioscience Centre, Åbo Akademic University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Hao Pei
- Department Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
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18
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Dutta K, Das R, Medeiros J, Kanjilal P, Thayumanavan S. Charge-Conversion Strategies for Nucleic Acid Delivery. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2011103. [PMID: 35832306 PMCID: PMC9275120 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202011103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids are now considered as one of the most potent therapeutic modalities, as their roles go beyond storing genetic information and chemical energy or as signal transducer. Attenuation or expression of desired genes through nucleic acids have profound implications in gene therapy, gene editing and even in vaccine development for immunomodulation. Although nucleic acid therapeutics bring in overwhelming possibilities towards the development of molecular medicines, there are significant loopholes in designing and effective translation of these drugs into the clinic. One of the major pitfalls lies in the traditional design concepts for nucleic acid drug carriers, viz. cationic charge induced cytotoxicity in delivery pathway. Targeting this bottleneck, several pioneering research efforts have been devoted to design innovative carriers through charge-conversion approaches, whereby built-in functionalities convert from cationic to neutral or anionic, or even from anionic to cationic enabling the carrier to overcome several critical barriers for therapeutics delivery, such as serum deactivation, instability in circulation, low transfection and poor endosomal escape. This review will critically analyze various molecular designs of charge-converting nanocarriers in a classified approach for the successful delivery of nucleic acids. Accompanied by the narrative on recent clinical nucleic acid candidates, the review concludes with a discussion on the pitfalls and scope of these interesting approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingshuk Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis 46268, United States
| | - Ritam Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- The Center for Bioactive Delivery- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jewel Medeiros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- The Center for Bioactive Delivery- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Pintu Kanjilal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- The Center for Bioactive Delivery- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- The Center for Bioactive Delivery- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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19
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Liew SS, Zhang C, Zhang J, Sun H, Li L, Yao SQ. Intracellular delivery of therapeutic proteins through N-terminal site-specific modification. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 56:11473-11476. [PMID: 32856656 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04728g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A versatile strategy for the intracellular delivery of functional proteins/antibodies was developed using N-terminal site-specific modification. Adopting orthogonal dual-labeling strategies, a cell-permeable RNase A prodrug was designed complementing N-terminal site-specific modification with lysine labeling. Upon successful cytosolic uptake, the prodrug showed reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Si Liew
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.
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20
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Jo H, Kitao T, Kimura A, Itoh Y, Aida T, Okuro K. Bio-adhesive Nanoporous Module: Toward Autonomous Gating. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8932-8937. [PMID: 33528083 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a bio-adhesive porous organic module (Glue COF) composed of hexagonally packed 1D nanopores based on a covalent organic framework. The nanopores are densely decorated with guanidinium ion (Gu+ ) pendants capable of forming salt bridges with oxyanionic species. Glue COF strongly adheres to biopolymers through multivalent salt-bridging interactions with their ubiquitous oxyanionic species. By taking advantage of its strong bio-adhesive nature, we succeeded in creating a gate that possibly opens the nanopores through a selective interaction with a reporter chemical and releases guest molecules. We chose calmodulin (CaM) as a gating component that can stably entrap a loaded guest, sulforhodamine B (SRB), within the nanopores (CaM COF⊃SRB). CaM is known to change its conformation on binding with Ca2+ ions. We confirmed that mixing CaM COF⊃SRB with Ca2+ resulted in the release of SRB from the nanopores, whereas the use of weakly binding Mg2+ ions resulted in a much slower release of SRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuna Jo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitao
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 227-8561, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kimura
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Itoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kou Okuro
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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21
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Jo H, Kitao T, Kimura A, Itoh Y, Aida T, Okuro K. Bio‐adhesive Nanoporous Module: Toward Autonomous Gating. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuna Jo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Takashi Kitao
- Department of Advanced Materials Science Graduate School of Frontier Sciences and Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Chiba 227-8561 Japan
| | - Ayumi Kimura
- Institute of Engineering Innovation The University of Tokyo 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Itoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kou Okuro
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
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22
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Dutta K, Das R, Medeiros J, Thayumanavan S. Disulfide Bridging Strategies in Viral and Nonviral Platforms for Nucleic Acid Delivery. Biochemistry 2021; 60:966-990. [PMID: 33428850 PMCID: PMC8753971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled nanostructures that are sensitive to environmental stimuli are promising nanomaterials for drug delivery. In this class, disulfide-containing redox-sensitive strategies have gained enormous attention because of their wide applicability and simplicity of nanoparticle design. In the context of nucleic acid delivery, numerous disulfide-based materials have been designed by relying on covalent or noncovalent interactions. In this review, we highlight major advances in the design of disulfide-containing materials for nucleic acid encapsulation, including covalent nucleic acid conjugates, viral vectors or virus-like particles, dendrimers, peptides, polymers, lipids, hydrogels, inorganic nanoparticles, and nucleic acid nanostructures. Our discussion will focus on the context of the design of materials and their impact on addressing the current shortcomings in the intracellular delivery of nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingshuk Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ritam Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- The Center for Bioactive Delivery- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jewel Medeiros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- The Center for Bioactive Delivery- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- The Center for Bioactive Delivery- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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23
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Okamoto Y, Kojima R. Intracellular Unnatural Catalysis Enabled by an Artificial Metalloenzyme. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2312:287-300. [PMID: 34228297 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1441-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Artificial metalloenzymes, constructed by incorporating a synthetic catalyst into the internal spaces of a protein scaffold, can perform noncanonical chemical transformations that are not possible using natural enzymes. The addition of cell-permeable modules to artificial metalloenzymes allows for noncanonical catalysis to be implemented as a function of mammalian cells. In this chapter, we describe a protocol for controlling cellular function through a cascade consisting of an artificial metalloenzyme and a gene-circuit engineered via synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Okamoto
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Kojima
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
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24
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25
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Combinatorial synthesis of redox-responsive cationic polypeptoids for intracellular protein delivery application. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Hentzen NB, Mogaki R, Otake S, Okuro K, Aida T. Intracellular Photoactivation of Caspase-3 by Molecular Glues for Spatiotemporal Apoptosis Induction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8080-8084. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina B. Hentzen
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, D-CHAB, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rina Mogaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Saya Otake
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kou Okuro
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Riken Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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27
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Zhang Y, Qi Y, Ulrich S, Barboiu M, Ramström O. Dynamic Covalent Polymers for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS 2020; 4:489-506. [PMID: 33791102 PMCID: PMC8009197 DOI: 10.1039/c9qm00598f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of supramolecular polymer chemistry and constitutional dynamic chemistry over the last decades has made tremendous impact on the emergence of dynamic covalent polymers. These materials are formed through reversible covalent bonds, endowing them with adaptive and responsive features that have resulted in high interest throughout the community. Owing to their intriguing properties, such as self-healing, shape-memory effects, recyclability, degradability, stimuli-responsiveness, etc., the materials have found multiple uses in a wide range of areas. Of special interest is their increasing use for biomedical applications, and many examples have been demonstrated in recent years. These materials have thus been used for the recognition and sensing of biologically active compounds, for the modulation of enzyme activity, for gene delivery, and as materials for cell culture, delivery, and wound-dressing. In this review, some of these endeavors are discussed, highlighting the many advantages and unique properties of dynamic covalent polymers for use in biology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P.R. China
| | - Yunchuan Qi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave. Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université of Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Institut Européen des Membranes, Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 047, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave. Lowell, MA 01854, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden
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28
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Mogaki R, Okuro K, Ueki R, Sando S, Aida T. Molecular Glue that Spatiotemporally Turns on Protein–Protein Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8035-8040. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Mogaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kou Okuro
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ueki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Riken Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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29
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Abstract
Delivery remains a major obstacle restricting the potential action of small molecular drugs as well as novel biologics which cannot readily enter cells without the help of a vector. A successful active delivery process involves three steps: (a) tagging the drug with a vector, (b) effective trafficking of this [drug-vector] conjugate through biological barriers, and finally (c) controlled drug release. While covalent bond formation and/or supramolecular association is involved in the making of the [drug-vector] conjugate, the final step requires precisely a controlled dissociation in order to trigger drug release. Therefore, in pursuit of smart, effective, and nontoxic delivery systems, it has become widely recognized that control over dynamic self-assembly could unleash the efficacy of artificial vectors. In this Account, I discuss our endeavors, and those of colleagues, in the recent implementation of Dynamic Covalent Chemistry (DCvC) in delivery applications. DCvC exploits reversible covalent reactions to generate covalent systems that can self-fabricate, adapt, respond, and fall apart in a controlled fashion. A privileged set of reversible covalent reactions has emerged in the community working on delivery applications and is based on condensation reactions (imine, acylhydrazone, oxime), and disulfide and boronate ester formations. The latest developments making this chemistry particularly attractive for such a DCvC approach are discussed. The rational justifying the potential of DCvC in delivery is based on the principle that using such reversible covalent reactions afford transient [drug-vector] conjugates which form spontaneously and chemoselectively, then adapt and self-correct their structure during self-assembly and trafficking thanks to the dynamic nature of the reversible covalent bonds, and finally respond to physicochemical stimuli such as pH and redox changes, thereby enabling controlled dissociation and concomitant drug release. For these reasons, DCvC has recently emerged as a leverage tool with growing prospects for advancing toward smarter delivery systems. The implementation of DCvC can follow three approaches that are discussed herein: (1) dynamic covalent bioconjugates, involving the transient covalent conjugation with a vector, (2) dynamic covalent vectors, involving the controlled dynamic and adaptive assembly and disassembly of vectors that complex drugs through supramolecular association, and (3) dynamic covalent targeting, involving the transient chemoselective formation of covalent bonds with the constituents of cell membranes. While DCvC has already attracted interest in material sciences, the recent results described in this Account showcase the vast potential of DCvC in biological sciences, and in particular in delivery applications where self-fabricated, adaptive, and responsive devices are of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Ulrich
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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30
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Kohata A, Hashim PK, Okuro K, Aida T. Transferrin-Appended Nanocaplet for Transcellular siRNA Delivery into Deep Tissues. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2862-2866. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Kohata
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - P. K. Hashim
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kou Okuro
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Riken Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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31
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Du S, Liew SS, Li L, Yao SQ. Bypassing Endocytosis: Direct Cytosolic Delivery of Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15986-15996. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Du
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Si Si Liew
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P.R. China
| | - Shao Q. Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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32
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Grogg M, Hilvert D, Ebert MO, Beck AK, Seebach D, Kurth F, Dittrich PS, Sparr C, Wittlin S, Rottmann M, Mäser P. Cell Penetration, Herbicidal Activity, and in-vivo-Toxicity of Oligo-Arginine Derivatives and of Novel Guanidinium-Rich Compounds Derived from the Biopolymer Cyanophycin. Helv Chim Acta 2018; 101:e1800112. [PMID: 30905972 PMCID: PMC6426238 DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201800112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Oligo-arginines are thoroughly studied cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs, Figures 1 and 2). Previous in-vitro investigations with the octaarginine salt of the phosphonate fosmidomycin (herbicide and anti-malaria drug) have shown a 40-fold parasitaemia inhibition with P. falciparum, compared to fosmidomycin alone (Figure 3). We have now tested this salt, as well as the corresponding phosphinate salt of the herbicide glufosinate, for herbicidal activity with whole plants by spray application, hoping for increased activities, i.e. decreased doses. However, both salts showed low herbicidal activity, indicating poor foliar uptake (Table 1). Another pronounced difference between in-vitro and in-vivo activity was demonstrated with various cell-penetrating octaarginine salts of fosmidomycin: intravenous injection to mice caused exitus of the animals within minutes, even at doses as low as 1.4 μmol/kg (Table 2). The results show that use of CPPs for drug delivery, for instance to cancer cells and tissues, must be considered with due care. The biopolymer cyanophycin is a poly-aspartic acid containing argininylated side chains (Figure 4); its building block is the dipeptide H-βAsp-αArg-OH (H-Adp-OH). To test and compare the biological properties with those of octaarginines we synthesized Adp8-derivatives (Figure 5). Intravenouse injection of H-Adp8-NH2 into the tail vein of mice with doses as high as 45 μmol/kg causes no symptoms whatsoever (Table 3), but H-Adp8-NH2 is not cell penetrating (HEK293 and MCF-7 cells, Figure 6). On the other hand, the fluorescently labeled octamers FAM-(Adp(OMe))8-NH2 and FAM-(Adp(NMe2))8-NH2 with ester and amide groups in the side chains exhibit mediocre to high cell-wall permeability (Figure 6), and are toxic (Table 3). Possible reasons for this behavior are discussed (Figure 7) and corresponding NMR spectra are presented (Figure 8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Grogg
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc-Olivier Ebert
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Albert K. Beck
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Seebach
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Kurth
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, BSD H 368, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petra S. Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, BSD H 368, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christof Sparr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Rottmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Mäser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
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33
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Juanes M, Lostalé-Seijo I, Granja JR, Montenegro J. Supramolecular Recognition and Selective Protein Uptake by Peptide Hybrids. Chemistry 2018; 24:10689-10698. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Juanes
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS); Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Irene Lostalé-Seijo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS); Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Juan R. Granja
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS); Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Javier Montenegro
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS); Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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34
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Bej R, Sarkar J, Ray D, Aswal VK, Ghosh S. Morphology Regulation in Redox Destructible Amphiphilic Block Copolymers and Impact on Intracellular Drug Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1800057. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raju Bej
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Jayita Sarkar
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Debes Ray
- Solid State Physics Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Vinod K. Aswal
- Solid State Physics Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata 700032 India
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35
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Okamoto Y, Kojima R, Schwizer F, Bartolami E, Heinisch T, Matile S, Fussenegger M, Ward TR. A cell-penetrating artificial metalloenzyme regulates a gene switch in a designer mammalian cell. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1943. [PMID: 29769518 PMCID: PMC5955986 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Complementing enzymes in their native environment with either homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts is challenging due to the sea of functionalities present within a cell. To supplement these efforts, artificial metalloenzymes are drawing attention as they combine attractive features of both homogeneous catalysts and enzymes. Herein we show that such hybrid catalysts consisting of a metal cofactor, a cell-penetrating module, and a protein scaffold are taken up into HEK-293T cells where they catalyze the uncaging of a hormone. This bioorthogonal reaction causes the upregulation of a gene circuit, which in turn leads to the expression of a nanoluc-luciferase. Relying on the biotin-streptavidin technology, variation of the biotinylated ruthenium complex: the biotinylated cell-penetrating poly(disulfide) ratio can be combined with point mutations on streptavidin to optimize the catalytic uncaging of an allyl-carbamate-protected thyroid hormone triiodothyronine. These results demonstrate that artificial metalloenzymes offer highly modular tools to perform bioorthogonal catalysis in live HEK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ryosuke Kojima
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Fabian Schwizer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eline Bartolami
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tillmann Heinisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas R Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland.
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36
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Arisaka A, Mogaki R, Okuro K, Aida T. Caged Molecular Glues as Photoactivatable Tags for Nuclear Translocation of Guests in Living Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2687-2692. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akio Arisaka
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Rina Mogaki
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kou Okuro
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Riken Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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37
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Morelli P, Bartolami E, Sakai N, Matile S. Glycosylated Cell‐Penetrating Poly(disulfide)s: Multifunctional Cellular Uptake at High Solubility. Helv Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201700266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Morelli
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH‐1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Eline Bartolami
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH‐1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH‐1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH‐1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
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38
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Li M, Mosel S, Knauer SK, Schmuck C. A dipeptide with enhanced anion binding affinity enables cell uptake and protein delivery. Org Biomol Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02721d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing the anion binding properties of guanidinium cations through the combination of ion-pairing and H-bonds resulted in a dipeptide that can efficiently penetrate into cells with negligible cytotoxicity and can transport a large model protein into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Li
- Institute for Organic Chemistry
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- 45117 Essen
- Germany
| | - Stefanie Mosel
- Institute for Biology
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- 45117 Essen
- Germany
| | | | - Carsten Schmuck
- Institute for Organic Chemistry
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- 45117 Essen
- Germany
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39
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Abstract
Over the past two decades, hundreds of new somatic mutations have been identified in tumours, and a few dozen novel cancer therapeutics that selectively target these mutated oncoproteins have entered clinical practice. This development has resulted in clinical breakthroughs for a few tumour types, but more commonly patients' overall survival has not improved because of the development of drug resistance. Furthermore, only a very limited number of oncoproteins, largely protein kinases, are successfully targeted, whereas most non-kinase oncoproteins inside cancer cells remain untargeted. Engineered small protein inhibitors offer great promise in targeting a larger variety of oncoproteins with better efficacy and higher selectivity. In this article, I focus on a promising class of synthetic binding proteins, termed monobodies, that we have shown to inhibit previously untargetable protein-protein interactions in different oncoproteins. I will discuss the great promise alongside the technical challenges inherent in converting monobodies from potent pre-clinical target validation tools to next-generation protein-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hantschel
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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40
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Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Design Strategies beyond Primary Structure and Amphipathicity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111929. [PMID: 29117144 PMCID: PMC6150340 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient intracellular drug delivery and target specificity are often hampered by the presence of biological barriers. Thus, compounds that efficiently cross cell membranes are the key to improving the therapeutic value and on-target specificity of non-permeable drugs. The discovery of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and the early design approaches through mimicking the natural penetration domains used by viruses have led to greater efficiency of intracellular delivery. Following these nature-inspired examples, a number of rationally designed CPPs has been developed. In this review, a variety of CPP designs will be described, including linear and flexible, positively charged and often amphipathic CPPs, and more rigid versions comprising cyclic, stapled, or dimeric and/or multivalent, self-assembled peptides or peptido-mimetics. The application of distinct design strategies to known physico-chemical properties of CPPs offers the opportunity to improve their penetration efficiency and/or internalization kinetics. This led to increased design complexity of new CPPs that does not always result in greater CPP activity. Therefore, the transition of CPPs to a clinical setting remains a challenge also due to the concomitant involvement of various internalization routes and heterogeneity of cells used in the in vitro studies.
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Bej
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road; Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Jayita Sarkar
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road; Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road; Kolkata 700032 India
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42
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Derivery E, Bartolami E, Matile S, Gonzalez-Gaitan M. Efficient Delivery of Quantum Dots into the Cytosol of Cells Using Cell-Penetrating Poly(disulfide)s. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10172-10175. [PMID: 28741941 PMCID: PMC5553715 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Quantum dots (QDs)
are extremely bright, photostable, nanometer
particles broadly used to investigate single molecule dynamics in vitro. However, the use of QDs in vivo to investigate single molecule dynamics is impaired by the absence
of an efficient way to chemically deliver them into the cytosol of
cells. Indeed, current methods (using cell-penetrating peptides for
instance) provide very low yields: QDs stay at the plasma membrane
or are trapped in endosomes. Here, we introduce a technology based
on cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s that solves this problem: we
deliver about 70 QDs per cell, and 90% appear to freely diffuse in
the cytosol. Furthermore, these QDs can be functionalized, carrying
GFP or anti-GFP nanobodies for instance. Our technology thus paves
the way toward single molecule imaging in cells and living animals,
allowing to probe biophysical properties of the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Derivery
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Eline Bartolami
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University of Geneva , Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University of Geneva , Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marcos Gonzalez-Gaitan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University of Geneva , Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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43
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Mogaki R, Okuro K, Aida T. Adhesive Photoswitch: Selective Photochemical Modulation of Enzymes under Physiological Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10072-10078. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Mogaki
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku,
Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kou Okuro
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku,
Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku,
Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Riken Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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44
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Lei EK, Kelley SO. Delivery and Release of Small-Molecule Probes in Mitochondria Using Traceless Linkers. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9455-9458. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric K. Lei
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, §Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Arts and Science, and #Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, §Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Arts and Science, and #Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Morelli
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH-1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH-1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
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46
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Backlund CM, Sgolastra F, Otter R, Minter L, Takeuchi T, Futaki S, Tew GN. Increased Hydrophobic Block Length of PTDMs Promotes Protein Internalization. Polym Chem 2016; 7:7514-7521. [PMID: 29093759 PMCID: PMC5661863 DOI: 10.1039/c6py01615d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is a major obstacle in the development and use of biomacromolecules for intracellular therapeutic applications. Protein transduction domains (PTDs) have been used to overcome this barrier, but often require covalent conjugation to their cargo and can be time consuming to synthesize. Synthetic monomers can be designed to mimic the amino acid moieties in PTDs, and their resulting polymers provide a well-controlled platform to vary molecular composition for structure-activity relationship studies. In this paper, a series of polyoxanorbornene-based synthetic mimics, inspired by PTDs, with varying cationic and hydrophobic densities, and the nature of the hydrophobic chain and degree of polymerizations were investigated in vitro to determine their ability to non-covalently transport enhanced green fluorescent protein into HeLa cells, Jurkat T cells, and hTERT mesenchymal stem cells. Polymers with high charge density lead to efficient protein delivery. Similarly, the polymers with the highest hydrophobic content and density proved to be the most efficient at internalization. The observed improvements with increased hydrophobic length and content were consistent across all three cell types, suggesting that these architectural relationships are not cell type specific. However, Jurkat T cells showed distinct variation in uptake between polymers than with the other two cell types. These results provide important design parameters for more effective delivery of biomacromolecules for intracellular delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie M Backlund
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Federica Sgolastra
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Ronja Otter
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Lisa Minter
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Toshihide Takeuchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Gregory N Tew
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
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Yu C, Qian L, Ge J, Fu J, Yuan P, Yao SCL, Yao SQ. Cell‐Penetrating Poly(disulfide) Assisted Intracellular Delivery of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Inhibition of miR‐21 Function and Detection of Subsequent Therapeutic Effects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9272-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Yu
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
- College of Materials Science & EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Linghui Qian
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Jingyan Ge
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Institute of BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Peiyan Yuan
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Samantha C. L. Yao
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Shao Q. Yao
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
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48
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Yu C, Qian L, Ge J, Fu J, Yuan P, Yao SCL, Yao SQ. Cell‐Penetrating Poly(disulfide) Assisted Intracellular Delivery of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Inhibition of miR‐21 Function and Detection of Subsequent Therapeutic Effects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Yu
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
- College of Materials Science & EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Linghui Qian
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Jingyan Ge
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Institute of BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Peiyan Yuan
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Samantha C. L. Yao
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Shao Q. Yao
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
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49
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Hamill KM, McCoy LS, Wexselblatt E, Esko JD, Tor Y. Polymyxins Facilitate Entry into Mammalian Cells. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5059-5068. [PMID: 28044098 PMCID: PMC5201209 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00488a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymyxin and guanidinylated polymyxin effectively deliver large biomolecules and liposomal assemblies into mammalian cells.
Polymyxin B is an antibiotic used against multi-resistant Gram negative infections, despite observed nephrotoxicity. Here we report the synthesis of functionalized derivatives of polymyxin B and its per-guanidinylated derivative in order to further explore the structural requirements necessary to facilitate uptake of the antibiotic into mammalian cells. We also investigate the possibility of using these novel scaffolds as molecular transporters. At nanomolar concentrations, both are capable of delivering large cargo (>300 kDa) into living cells. Their uptake depends exclusively on cell surface heparan sulfate. Mechanistic studies indicate these novel transporters are internalized through caveolae-mediated pathways and confocal microscopy show colocalization with lysosomes. The polymyxin-based transporters demonstrate cytosolic delivery through the delivery of a ribosome-inactivating protein. Furthermore, the natural polymyxin scaffold can be incorporated into liposomes and enhance their intracellular uptake. In addition to demonstrating the ability of the polymyxin scaffold to facilitate internalization into mammalian cells, these observations suggest the potential use of polymyxin and guanidinopolymyxin for intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Hamill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Lisa S McCoy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Ezequiel Wexselblatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0687, USA
| | - Yitzhak Tor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
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50
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Zhang J, Zheng M, Xie Z. Co-assembled hybrids of proteins and carbon dots for intracellular protein delivery. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5659-5663. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01622g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Co-assembled hybrids of carbon dots and proteins protect proteins against enzymatic hydrolysis and deliver them into HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Min Zheng
- School of Chemistry and life Science
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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