1
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Mu X, Xie S, Ye X, Tao S, Li J, Jiang D. Ketazine-Linked Crystalline Porous Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39213509 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of crystalline porous materials with well-defined π arrays and ordered channels, which can be predesigned with a topology diagram and prepared via a polycondensation reaction. Over the past decade, various types of π building units with different functional groups have been developed. Among them, aldehyde is one of the most widely used monomers that form COFs with azine, hydrazine, imine, squaranine, and C═C linkages. In contrast, its closest analogue, i.e., ketone, despite its broad structural diversity, has not yet been investigated for the design and synthesis of COFs. Herein we report the first examples of ketazine-linked COFs by developing ketones as monomers to enable polycondensation with hydrazine under solvothermal conditions. We observed that a careful screening of reaction conditions including solvent, catalyst, concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time leads to the finding of optimal polymerization systems to produce highly crystalline and porous ketazine-linked COFs. Surprisingly, the ketazine linkage enables π conjugation between knot and linker sites and renders the resultant materials able to emit a strong blue fluorescence, highlighting the π electronic features of this new family of COFs. Our findings of ketones as monomers and ketazine as linkage bring unprecedented structures, functions, and applications to the field of COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Mu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shuailei Xie
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xingyao Ye
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Crystalline Materials, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 03006, China
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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2
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Cheng C, Liu Y, Sheng G, Jiang X, Kang X, Jiang C, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Cui Y. Construction of Benzoxazine-linked One-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks Using the Mannich Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403473. [PMID: 38829678 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Covalent polymerization of organic molecules into crystalline one-dimensional (1D) polymers is effective for achieving desired thermal, optical, and electrical properties, yet it remains a persistent synthetic challenge for their inherent tendency to adopt amorphous or semicrystalline phases. Here we report a strategy to synthesize crystalline 1D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) composing quasi-conjugated chains with benzoxazine linkages via the one-pot Mannich reaction. Through [4+2] and [2+2] type Mannich condensation reactions, we fabricated stoichiometric and sub-stoichiometric 1D covalent polymeric chains, respectively, using doubly and singly linked benzoxazine rings. The validity of their crystal structures has been directly visualized through state-of-the-art cryogenic low-dose electron microscopy techniques. Post-synthetic functionalizations of them with a chiral MacMillan catalyst produce crystalline organic photocatalysts that demonstrated excellent catalytic and recyclable performance in light-driven asymmetric alkylation of aldehydes, affording up to 94 % enantiomeric excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yikuan Liu
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guan Sheng
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinru Jiang
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yihan Zhu
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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3
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Chen T, Liu A, Ma D. Editorial: Novel design, synthesis, and environmental applications of covalent organic frameworks. Front Chem 2024; 12:1434454. [PMID: 38903203 PMCID: PMC11187299 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1434454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tanyue Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Anan Liu
- Basic Experimental Centre for Natural Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Dongge Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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4
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He C, Tao S, Liu R, Zhi Y, Jiang D. Covalent Organic Frameworks: Linkage Chemistry and Its Critical Role in The Evolution of π Electronic Structures and Functions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403472. [PMID: 38502777 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) provide a molecular platform for designing a novel class of functional materials with well-defined structures. A crucial structural parameter is the linkage, which dictates how knot and linker units are connected to form two-dimensional polymers and layer frameworks, shaping ordered π-array and porous architectures. However, the roles of linkage in the development of ordered π electronic structures and functions remain fundamental yet unresolved issues. Here we report the designed synthesis of COFs featuring four representative linkages: hydrazone, imine, azine, and C=C bonds, to elucidate their impacts on the evolution of π electronic structures and functions. Our observations revealed that the hydrazone linkage provides a non-conjugated connection, while imine and azine allow partial π conjugation, and the C=C bond permits full π-conjugation. Importantly, the linkage profoundly influences the control of π electronic structures and functions, unraveling its pivotal role in determining key electronic properties such as band gap, frontier energy levels, light absorption, luminescence, carrier density and mobility, and magnetic permeability. These findings highlight the significance of linkage chemistry in COFs and offer a general and transformative guidance for designing framework materials to achieve electronic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shanshan Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ruoyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yongfeng Zhi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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5
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Tan D, Fan X. COF-Based Photocatalysts for Enhanced Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:659. [PMID: 38475342 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs), with their intrinsic structural regularity and modifiable chemical functionality, have burgeoned as a pivotal material in the realm of photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) synthesis. This article reviews the recent advancements and multifaceted approaches employed in using the unique properties of COFs for high-efficient photocatalytic H2O2 production. We first introduced COFs and their advantages in the photocatalytic synthesis of H2O2. Subsequently, we spotlight the principles and evaluation of photocatalytic H2O2 generation, followed by various strategies for the incorporation of active sites aiming to optimize the separation and transfer of photoinduced charge carriers. Finally, we explore the challenges and future prospects, emphasizing the necessity for a deeper mechanistic understanding and the development of scalable and economically viable COF-based photocatalysts for sustainable H2O2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Tan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Xuelin Fan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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6
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Mow R, Russell-Parks GA, Redwine GEB, Petel BE, Gennett T, Braunecker WA. Polymer-Coated Covalent Organic Frameworks as Porous Liquids for Gas Storage. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:1579-1590. [PMID: 38370283 PMCID: PMC10870717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Several synthetic methods have recently emerged to develop high-surface-area solid-state organic framework-based materials into free-flowing liquids with permanent porosity. The fluidity of these porous liquid (PL) materials provides them with advantages in certain storage and transport processes. However, most framework-based materials necessitate the use of cryogenic temperatures to store weakly bound gases such as H2, temperatures where PLs lose their fluidity. Covalent organic framework (COF)-based PLs that could reversibly form stable complexes with H2 near ambient temperatures would represent a promising development for gas storage and transport applications. We report here the development, characterization, and evaluation of a material with these remarkable characteristics based on Cu(I)-loaded COF colloids. Our synthetic strategy required tailoring conditions for growing robust coatings of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-methacrylate (PDMS-MA) around COF colloids using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). We demonstrate exquisite control over the coating thickness on the colloidal COF, quantified by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The coated COF material was then suspended in a liquid polymer matrix to make a PL. CO2 isotherms confirmed that the coating preserved the general porosity of the COF in the free-flowing liquid, while CO sorption measurements using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) confirmed the preservation of Cu(I) coordination sites. We then evaluated the gas sorption phenomenon in the Cu(I)-COF-based PLs using DRIFTS and temperature-programmed desorption measurements. In addition to confirming that H2 transport is possible at or near mild refrigeration temperatures with these materials, our observations indicate that H2 diffusion is significantly influenced by the glass-transition temperature of both the coating and the liquid matrix. The latter result underscores an additional potential advantage of PLs in tailoring gas diffusion and storage temperatures through the coating composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel
E. Mow
- Materials
Science Program, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Chemistry
and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable
Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Glory A. Russell-Parks
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1012 14th Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Chemistry
and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable
Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Grace E. B. Redwine
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1012 14th Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Chemistry
and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable
Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Brittney E. Petel
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Thomas Gennett
- Materials
Science Program, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1012 14th Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Chemistry
and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable
Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Wade A. Braunecker
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1012 14th Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Chemistry
and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable
Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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7
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Zhao Y, Feng K, Yu Y. A Review on Covalent Organic Frameworks as Artificial Interface Layers for Li and Zn Metal Anodes in Rechargeable Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308087. [PMID: 38063856 PMCID: PMC10870086 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Li and Zn metals are considered promising negative electrode materials for the next generation of rechargeable metal batteries because of their non-toxicity and high theoretical capacity. However, the uneven deposition of metal ions (Li+ , Zn2+ ) and the uncontrolled growth of dendrites result in poor electrochemical stability, unsatisfactory cycle life, and rapid capacity decay of batteries assembled with Li and Zn electrodes. Owing to the unique internal directional channels and abundant redox active sites of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), they can be used to promote uniform deposition of metal ions during stripping/electroplating through interface modification strategies, thereby inhibiting dendrite growth. COFs provide a new perspective in addressing the challenges faced by the anodes of Li metal batteries and Zn ion batteries. This article discusses the stability and types of COFs, and summarizes some novel COF synthesis methods. Additionally, it reviews the latest progress and optimization methods of using COFs for metal anodes to improve battery performance. Finally, the main challenges faced in these areas are discussed. This review will inspire future research on metal anodes in rechargeable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Zhao
- College of Physics Science and TechnologyKunming UniversityKunmingYunnan650214China
| | - Kaiyong Feng
- College of Physics Science and TechnologyKunming UniversityKunmingYunnan650214China
| | - Yingjian Yu
- College of Physics Science and TechnologyKunming UniversityKunmingYunnan650214China
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8
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Chang J, Chen F, Li H, Suo J, Zheng H, Zhang J, Wang Z, Zhu L, Valtchev V, Qiu S, Fang Q. Three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks with nia nets for efficient separation of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures. Nat Commun 2024; 15:813. [PMID: 38280854 PMCID: PMC10821887 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks with highly connected building blocks presents a significant challenge. In this study, we report two 3D COFs with the nia topology, named JUC-641 and JUC-642, by introducing planar hexagonal and triangular prism nodes. Notably, our adsorption studies and breakthrough experiments reveal that both COFs exhibit exceptional separation capabilities, surpassing previously reported 3D COFs and most porous organic polymers, with a separation factor of up to 2.02 for benzene and cyclohexane. Additionally, dispersion-corrected density functional theory analysis suggests that the good performance of these 3D COFs can be attributed to the incorporation of highly aromatic building blocks and the presence of extensive pore structures. Consequently, this research not only expands the diversity of COFs but also highlights the potential of functional COF materials as promising candidates for environmentally-friendly separation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinquan Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Haorui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Zitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangkui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Valentin Valtchev
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, Caen, France
| | - Shilun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianrong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Vardhan H, Rummer G, Deng A, Ma S. Large-Scale Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks: Challenges and Opportunities. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:696. [PMID: 37623757 PMCID: PMC10456518 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Connecting organic building blocks by covalent bonds to design porous crystalline networks has led to covalent organic frameworks (COFs), consequently transferring the flexibility of dynamic linkages from discrete architectures to extended structures. By virtue of the library of organic building blocks and the diversity of dynamic linkages and topologies, COFs have emerged as a novel field of organic materials that propose a platform for tailor-made complex structural design. Progress over the past two decades in the design, synthesis, and functional exploration of COFs in diverse applications successively established these frameworks in materials chemistry. The large-scale synthesis of COFs with uniform structures and properties is of profound importance for commercialization and industrial applications; however, this is in its infancy at present. An innovative designing and synthetic approaches have paved novel ways to address future hurdles. This review article highlights the fundamental of COFs, including designing principles, coupling reactions, topologies, structural diversity, synthetic strategies, characterization, growth mechanism, and activation aspects of COFs. Finally, the major challenges and future trends for large-scale COF fabrication are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Vardhan
- Department of Chemistry and Fermentation Sciences, Appalachian State University, 525 Rivers Street, Boone, NC 28608, USA
| | - Grace Rummer
- Department of Chemistry and Fermentation Sciences, Appalachian State University, 525 Rivers Street, Boone, NC 28608, USA
| | - Angela Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Fermentation Sciences, Appalachian State University, 525 Rivers Street, Boone, NC 28608, USA
| | - Shengqian Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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10
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López-Magano A, Daliran S, Oveisi AR, Mas-Ballesté R, Dhakshinamoorthy A, Alemán J, Garcia H, Luque R. Recent Advances in the Use of Covalent Organic Frameworks as Heterogenous Photocatalysts in Organic Synthesis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209475. [PMID: 36563668 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic photochemistry is intensely developed in the 1980s, in which the nature of excited electronic states and the energy and electron transfer processes are thoroughly studied and finally well-understood. This knowledge from molecular organic photochemistry can be transferred to the design of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as active visible-light photocatalysts. COFs constitute a new class of crystalline porous materials with substantial application potentials. Featured with outstanding structural tunability, large porosity, high surface area, excellent stability, and unique photoelectronic properties, COFs are studied as potential candidates in various research areas (e.g., photocatalysis). This review aims to provide the state-of-the-art insights into the design of COF photocatalysts (pristine, functionalized, and hybrid COFs) for organic transformations. The catalytic reaction mechanism of COF-based photocatalysts and the influence of dimensionality and crystallinity on heterogenous photocatalysis performance are also discussed, followed by perspectives and prospects on the main challenges and opportunities in future research of COFs and COF-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto López-Magano
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Módulo 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Saba Daliran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, 98615-538, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Oveisi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, 98615-538, Iran
| | - Rubén Mas-Ballesté
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Módulo 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Amarajothi Dhakshinamoorthy
- School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
- Organic Chemistry Department, Módulo 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - José Alemán
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnología Química CSIC-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Hermenegildo Garcia
- Organic Chemistry Department, Módulo 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Rafael Luque
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, Cordoba, E14014, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
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11
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Kriesche BM, Kronenberg LE, Purtscher FRS, Hofer TS. Storage and diffusion of CO2 in covalent organic frameworks—A neural network-based molecular dynamics simulation approach. Front Chem 2023; 11:1100210. [PMID: 36970402 PMCID: PMC10033539 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of the accelerated climate change, solutions to capture, store and potentially activate carbon dioxide received increased interest in recent years. Herein, it is demonstrated, that the neural network potential ANI-2x is able to describe nanoporous organic materials at approx. density functional theory accuracy and force field cost, using the example of the recently published two- and three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks HEX-COF1 and 3D-HNU5 and their interaction with CO2 guest molecules. Along with the investigation of the diffusion behaviour, a wide range of properties of interest is analyzed, such as the structure, pore size distribution and host-guest distribution functions. The workflow developed herein facilitates the estimation of the maximum CO2 adsorption capacity and is easily generalizable to other systems. Additionally, this work illustrates, that minimum distance distribution functions can be a highly useful tool in understanding the nature of interactions in host-gas systems at the atomic level.
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12
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Yang C, Mao C, Deng Q, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang Y. One-Pot Synthesis of Flavones Catalyzed by an Au-mediated Covalent Organic Framework. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 642:283-291. [PMID: 37004262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are excellent candidates for rationally designed metal-coordinated catalysts due to their porous structures and adjustable organic building blocks. In this work, a two-dimensional (2D) COF with novel fxt topology was synthesized. The newly devised COF had been fully characterized by a range of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The COF was further metallized by the gold species to form a heterogeneous catalyst that enabled the one-pot synthesis of flavone and its derivatives. The Au@COF catalyst showed high catalytic activity and good recyclability. This work demonstrates the great potential of metallized COFs with unique well-defined pores in organic catalysis.
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13
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Wang S, Chen Z, Cai Y, Wu XL, Wang S, Tang Z, Hu B, Li Z, Wang X. Application of COFs in capture/conversion of CO2 and elimination of organic/inorganic pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2023. [DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.efmat.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
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14
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Li J, Cheng Z, Wang Z, Dong J, Jiang H, Wang W, Zou X, Zhu G. Ultramicroporous Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheets with Functionality Pair for Membrane C 2 H 2 /C 2 H 4 Separation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216675. [PMID: 36624052 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Gas separation efficiency of covalent organic framework (COF) membrane can be greatly elevated through precise functionalization. A pair-functionalized COF membrane of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (TP) and isoquinoline-5,8-diamine (IQD) monomers in two and three nodes is designed and synthesized. TP-IQD is crystallized in a two-dimensional structure with a pore size of 6.5 Å and a surface area of 289 m2 g-1 . This COF possesses N-O paired groups which cooperatively interact with C2 H2 instead of C2 H4 . TP-IQD nanosheets of ≈10 μm in width and ≈4 nm in thickness are prepared by mechanical exfoliation; they are further processed with 6FDA-ODA polymer into a hybrid membrane. High porosity and functionality pair of TP-IQD offer the membrane with significantly increased C2 H2 permeability and C2 H2 /C2 H4 selectivity which are 160 % and 430 % higher of pure 6FDA-ODA. The boosted performance demonstrates high efficiency of the pair-functionality strategy for the synthesis of separation-led COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Li
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Zeliang Cheng
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Junchao Dong
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Haicheng Jiang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Zou
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
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15
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Designed Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Mini Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040887. [PMID: 36850171 PMCID: PMC9959482 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks are porous crystals of polymers with two categories based on their covalent linkages: layered structures with two dimensions and networks with three-dimensional structures. Three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks are porous, have large surface areas, and have highly ordered structures. Since covalent bonds are responsible for the formation of three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks, their synthesis has been a challenge and different structures are generated during the synthesis. Moreover, initially, their topologies have been limited to dia, ctn, and bor which are formed by the condensation of triangular or linear units with tetrahedral units. There are very few building units available for their synthesis. Finally, the future perspective of 3D COFs has been designated for the future development of three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks.
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16
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Wagay SA, Ali R. Unraveling the Potential Role of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs): Synthesis of Ketazines & Pyrazolines. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shafieq Ahmad Wagay
- Organic and Supramolecular Functional Materials Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Okhla New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Rashid Ali
- Organic and Supramolecular Functional Materials Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Okhla New Delhi 110025 India
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17
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Ni X, Huang H, Brédas JL. Organic Higher-Order Topological Insulators: Heterotriangulene-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22778-22786. [PMID: 36469524 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ability to design and control the chemical characteristics of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offers a new avenue for the development of functional materials, especially with respect to topological properties. Based on density functional theory calculations, by varying the core units through the choice of bridging groups [O, C═O, CH2, or C(CH3)2] and the linker units [acetylene, diacetylene, or benzene], we have designed heterotriangulene-based COFs that are predicted to be two-dimensional higher-order topological insulators (TIs). The higher-order TI characteristics of these COFs are identified via their topological invariants and the presence of in-gap topological corner modes and gapped edge states. The frontier molecular orbital energies of the building moieties play an important role in determining the size of the higher-order TI gap, which we find to be highly dependent on linker units. We also examined the deposition of the COFs on a boron nitride substrate to assess the feasibility of experimental observation of a higher-order TI phase in the organic layer. This work thus provides new insights into heterotriangulene-based COFs and guidance for the exploration of purely organic topological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721-0088, United States
| | - Huaqing Huang
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing100871, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing100871, China
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721-0088, United States
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18
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Basel N, Liu Q, Fan L, Wang Q, Xu N, Wan Y, Dong Q, Huang Z, Guo T. Surface charge enhanced synthesis of TpEB-based covalent organic framework (COF) membrane for dye separation with three typical charge properties. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Wang J, Zhao L, Yan B. Functionalized luminescent covalent organic frameworks hybrid material as smart nose for the diagnosis of Huanglongbing. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:5835-5841. [PMID: 35876301 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01185a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative identification of several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with the same disease provides a strong guarantee of the accurate analysis of the disease. Designing a single luminescent material to interact differently with multiple analytes can generate response patterns with remarkable diversity. Here, a highly green luminescent imine-based 2D COF (TtDFP) is designed and synthesized. TtDFP has ultrasensitive detection performance for trace water in organic solvent. Constructing a ratiometric fluorescence sensor can improve sensitivity for detecting analytes. To contrast the fluorescence signals of Eu3+ and COFs in sensing assays, a simple postsynthetic modification (PSM) method is used to introduce Eu3+ into TtDFP. The obtained red luminescent hybrid material Eu3+@TtDFP EVA film can be a fluorescent nose capable of "sniffing out" and quantifying VOCs (GA and PhA) associated with Huanglongbing (HLB, a devastating disease of citrus) at ppb levels. This work provides a technique of developing functionalized COF hybrid material to facilitate the distinction of various VOCs, which can also be extended to monitor the levels of other VOCs relevant to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmin Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Limin Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Bing Yan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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20
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Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial activities, molecular docking, and computational investigation of novel imine-linked covalent organic framework. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Gayathri S, Viswanathamurthi P, Naveen K, Murugan K. Convenient synthesis of symmetrical azines from alcohols and hydrazine catalyzed by ruthenium(II) hydrazone complex in air. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Rasheed T, Khan S, Ahmad T, Ullah N. Covalent Organic Frameworks-Based Membranes as Promising Modalities from Preparation to Separation Applications: An Overview. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200062. [PMID: 35641392 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a promising class of porous crystalline materials made up of covalently connected and periodically protracted network topologies through organic linkers. The tailorability of organic linker and intrinsic structures endow COFs with a tunable porosity and structure, low density, facilely-tailored functionality, and large surface area, attracting increasing amount of interests in variety of research areas of membrane separations. COF-based membranes have spawned a slew of new research projects, ranging from fabrication methodologies to separation applications. Herein, we tried to emphasis the major developments in the synthetic approaches of COFs based membranes for a variety of separation applications such as, separation of gaseous mixtures, water treatment as well as separation of isomeric and chiral organic compounds. The proposed methods for fabricating COF-based continuous membranes and columns for real world applications are also thoroughly explored. Finally, a viewpoint on the future directions and remaining challenges for COF research in the area of separation is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Rasheed
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sardaraz Khan
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tauqir Ahmad
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisar Ullah
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Yao J, Lu Y, Sun H, Zhao X. Pore Engineering for Covalent Organic Framework Membranes. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-1507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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24
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Wang X, Han X, Cheng C, Kang X, Liu Y, Cui Y. 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks with cem Topology. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7366-7373. [PMID: 35418223 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A large number of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with two-dimensional (2D) layered structures have been reported, but their network structures are restricted to only seven topologies (namely, hcb, hxl, kgm, sql, tth, bex, and kgd) because of the limited choice of building blocks. In this work, we illustrate how linking pseudo-fivefold symmetric 1,2,3,4,5-penta(4-formylphenyl)pyrrole with linear aromatic diamines through dynamic imine bonds produces three 2D porous COFs with an unprecedented cem topology, which represent the first examples of five-vertex semiregular Archimedean tessellations in COFs. The three 2D COFs are isostructural, and each adopts an eclipsed stacking structure with unidirectional hierarchical pores, in which the pyrrole unit is utilized as the five-vertex of network to form both square and triangular pores in a 33.42 sequence. With high thermal and chemical resistances, the COF-packed HPLC columns show excellent performance to provide separation of 10 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, a group of the most widespread organic environmental pollutants. The implementation of five-vertex Archimedean tessellations thus couriers a strategy to design COFs with new topologies and paves a new way to expand the inimitable properties of COF materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xing Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xing Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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25
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Mohammed AK, Al Khoori AA, Addicoat MA, Varghese S, Othman I, Jaoude MA, Polychronopoulou K, Baias M, Haija MA, Shetty D. Solvent‐Influenced Fragmentations in Free‐Standing Three‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for Hydrophobicity Switching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200905. [PMID: 35068021 PMCID: PMC9303774 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ordered open organic frameworks membranes are attractive candidates for flow‐assisted molecular separations. The physicochemical properties of such membranes mostly depend on their selectively chosen functional building blocks. In this work, we have introduced a novel concept of functional switchability of three‐dimensional covalent organic framework (3D‐COF) membranes through a simple solvent‐influenced fragmentation method. This room‐temperature interfacial synthesis provides free‐standing 3D‐COF membranes with distinct physicochemical properties from the same building monomers. Notably, the change of solvent from chloroform to ethyl acetate switches the membrane property from hydrophilic (water contact angle 60°) to hydrophobic (water contact angle 142°) nature. The hydrophobic 3D‐COF membrane selectively passes oil molecules from an oil–water emulsion with a gravitational flux of 1536 L m−2 h−1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayesha A. Al Khoori
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
- Center for Catalysis and Separations Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Matthew A. Addicoat
- School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University Clifton Lane Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
| | - Sabu Varghese
- Science Division New York University, Abu Dhabi (NYUAD) Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Israa Othman
- Department of Chemistry Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Maguy Abi Jaoude
- Department of Chemistry Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
- Center for Catalysis and Separations Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Kyriaki Polychronopoulou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
- Center for Catalysis and Separations Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Maria Baias
- Science Division New York University, Abu Dhabi (NYUAD) Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Abu Haija
- Department of Chemistry Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
- Center for Catalysis and Separations Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Dinesh Shetty
- Department of Chemistry Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
- Center for Catalysis and Separations Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
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26
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Diwakara SD, Ong WSY, Wijesundara YH, Gearhart RL, Herbert FC, Fisher SG, McCandless GT, Alahakoon SB, Gassensmith JJ, Dodani SC, Smaldone RA. Supramolecular Reinforcement of a Large-Pore 2D Covalent Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2468-2473. [PMID: 35099968 PMCID: PMC9173749 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D-COFs) are a class of crystalline porous organic polymers that consist of covalently linked, two-dimensional sheets that can stack together through noncovalent interactions. Here we report the synthesis of a novel COF, called PyCOFamide, which has an experimentally observed pore size that is greater than 6 nm in diameter. This is among the largest pore size reported to date for a 2D-COF. PyCOFamide exhibits permanent porosity and high crystallinity as evidenced by the nitrogen adsorption, powder X-ray diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. We show that the pore size of PyCOFamide is large enough to accommodate fluorescent proteins such as Superfolder green fluorescent protein and mNeonGreen. This work demonstrates the utility of noncovalent structural reinforcement in 2D-COFs to produce larger and persistent pore sizes than previously possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashini D. Diwakara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, 75080, United States
| | - Whitney S. Y. Ong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, 75080, United States
| | - Yalini H. Wijesundara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, 75080, United States
| | - Robert L. Gearhart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, 75080, United States
| | - Fabian C. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, 75080, United States
| | - Sarah G. Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, 75080, United States
| | - Gregory T. McCandless
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, 75080, United States
| | - Sampath B. Alahakoon
- Institute of Combinatorial Advanced Research and Education, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Kandawala Rd, Ratmalana, 10390, Sri Lanka
| | - Jeremiah J. Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, 75080, United States
| | - Sheel C. Dodani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, 75080, United States
| | - Ronald A. Smaldone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, 75080, United States,Corresponding Author: Ronald A. Smaldone -
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27
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Tying Covalent Organic Frameworks through Alkene Metathesis and Supported Platinum as Efficient Catalysts for Hydrosilylation. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030499. [PMID: 35159846 PMCID: PMC8915182 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently there has been a great interest in covalent organic frameworks due to their fascinating properties. Current approaches to improve their hydrolytic stability mainly rely on the transformation of the dynamic bonds into strong and irreversible bonds, but these approaches also reduce the versatility of the frameworks. Herein, we would like to demonstrate a solution to this dilemma by forming hierarchical bonds through olefin metathesis to produce highly stable COFs. Our approach allows unprecedented opportunities for post-modification of the inner space through the dynamic imine bonds while maintaining the integrity of the framework. Specifically, we demonstrate an amorphous-to-crystalline transformation. In addition, the porosity can be enhanced by up to 70% after full removal of the amine subunits. Overall, our work provides a new direction for the generation of highly stable while still versatile COFs. Meanwhile, platinum(II) complexes can be supported on BHU-2 (Pt@BHU-2) or BHU-2-Oxidate(Pt@BHU-2-Oxidate) as efficient catalysts for hydrosilylation.
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28
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Bhandari P, Mondal B, Howlader P, Mukherjee PS. Face‐Directed Tetrahedral Organic Cage Anchored Palladium Nanoparticles for Selective Homocoupling Reactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Bhandari
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Bijnaneswar Mondal
- Department of Chemistry Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya Bilaspur Chhattisgarh 495009 India
| | - Prodip Howlader
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
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29
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Mohammed AK, Alkhoori AA, Addicoat MA, Varghese S, Othman I, Jaoude MA, Polychronopoulou K, Baias M, Haija MA, Shetty D. Solvent Influenced Fragmentations in Free‐Standing Three‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for Hydrophobicity Switching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Khayum Mohammed
- Khalifa University Chemistry Khalifa UniversityArzanah Building (#8), Sas Al Nakhal Campus, PO Box. 127788 Abu Dhabi UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
| | | | | | - Sabu Varghese
- New York University - Abu Dhabi Campus Chemistry UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
| | - Israa Othman
- Khalifa University Chemistry UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
| | | | | | - Maria Baias
- New York University - Abu Dhabi Campus Chemistry UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
| | | | - Dinesh Shetty
- Khalifa University Muroor Street Abu Dhabi UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
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30
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Zhang Y, Chen Z, Liu Q, Wan J. Effective carbon dioxide uptake in a tailored covalent organic framework with pore size and active atom regulation. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00521b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel tailored covalent organic framework (T-COF) with microporous structure has been designed and constructed for effective CO2 uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Zhangfu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Qianyu Liu
- Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Jieqiong Wan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
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31
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Wang Z, Huang Y, Wu S, Li XM, Sun Q. Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer based covalent organic framework for fluorescence anions sensing. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02032g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An azine linked covalent organic framework, ACOF, has been constructed via hydrazine hydrate and aldehyde group building unit with hydroxyl group in situ under the solvothermal condition. ACOF possesses good...
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32
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Daliran S, Oveisi AR, Peng Y, López-Magano A, Khajeh M, Mas-Ballesté R, Alemán J, Luque R, Garcia H. Metal–organic framework (MOF)-, covalent-organic framework (COF)-, and porous-organic polymers (POP)-catalyzed selective C–H bond activation and functionalization reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7810-7882. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00976a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The review summarizes the state-of-the-art of C–H active transformations over crystalline and amorphous porous materials as new emerging heterogeneous (photo)catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Daliran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Zabol, 98615-538 Zabol, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Oveisi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Zabol, 98615-538 Zabol, Iran
| | - Yong Peng
- Instituto de Tecnología Química CSIC-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Alberto López-Magano
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Módulo 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mostafa Khajeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Zabol, 98615-538 Zabol, Iran
| | - Rubén Mas-Ballesté
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Módulo 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alemán
- Organic Chemistry Department, Módulo 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Luque
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, EdificioMarie Curie (C-3), CtraNnal IV-A, Km 396, E14014 Cordoba, Spain
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya str., 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hermenegildo Garcia
- Instituto de Tecnología Química CSIC-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
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33
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Sarkar C, Shit SC, Das N, Mondal J. Presenting porous-organic-polymers as next-generation invigorating materials for nanoreactors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8550-8567. [PMID: 34369958 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02616j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Porous organic polymers (POPs) represent an emerging class of porous organic materials which mainly comprise organic building blocks that are interconnected via strong covalent bonds, thereby offering highly cross-linked frameworks with rigid structures and specific void spaces for accommodating guest molecules. In the past few years, POPs have garnered colossal research interest as nanoreactors for heterogeneous catalysis (thermal, photochemical, electrochemical, etc.) because of their intriguing characteristic features, such as high thermal and chemical stabilities, adjustable chemical functionalities, large surface areas, and tunable pore size distributions. This feature article provides an overview of existing research relating to diverse POP synthetic approaches (COFs, CTFs, and some amorphous POPs), the possible modification of the functionality of POPs, and their exciting application as next-generation nanoreactors. These POPs are extremely interesting, as they offer the potential for either metal-free or metalated polymer catalysts allowing photocatalytic CO2 reduction to solar-fuel, biofuel upgrades, the conversion of waste cooking oil to bio-oil, and clean H2 production from water, addressing many scientific and technological challenges and providing new opportunities for various specific topics in catalysis. Finally, we emphasize that the integration of various synthetic approaches and the application of POPs as nanoreactors will provide opportunities in the near future for the precision synthesis of functional materials with significant impact in both basic and applied research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Sarkar
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 50007, India.
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34
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Zhai L, Han D, Dong J, Jiang W, Nie R, Yang X, Luo X, Li Z. Constructing Stable and Porous Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Iodine Vapor Capture. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100032. [PMID: 34050692 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COF) with periodic porous structures and tunable functionalities are a new class of crystalline polymers connected via strong covalent bonds. Constructing COF materials with high stability and porosity is attracting and essential for COFs' further functional exploration. In this work, two new covalent organic frameworks (TTA-TMTA-COF and TTA-FMTA-COF) with high surface area, large pore volume, and excellent chemical stability toward harsh conditions are designed and synthesized by integrating the methoxy functional groups into the networks. Both two COFs are further employed for iodine removal since radioactive iodine in nuclear waste has seriously threatened the natural environment and human health. TTA-TMTA-COF and TTA-FMTA-COF can capture 3.21 and 5.07 g g-1 iodine, respectively. Notably, the iodine capture capacity for iodine of TTA-FMTA-COF does not show any decline after being recycled five times. These results demonstrate both COFs possess ultrahigh capacity and excellent recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Zhai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Diandian Han
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Jinhuan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Wenqian Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Riming Nie
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Xiubei Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Luo
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Biology, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhongping Li
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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35
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Jiang D. Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Molecular Platform for Designer Polymeric Architectures and Functional Materials. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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36
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Liu R, Tan KT, Gong Y, Chen Y, Li Z, Xie S, He T, Lu Z, Yang H, Jiang D. Covalent organic frameworks: an ideal platform for designing ordered materials and advanced applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:120-242. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00620c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks offer a molecular platform for integrating organic units into periodically ordered yet extended 2D and 3D polymers to create topologically well-defined polygonal lattices and built-in discrete micropores and/or mesopores.
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37
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Gao T, Su X, Xu H, Hu H, Zeng C, Gao Y. Construction of the Copper‐Functionalized Covalent Organic Framework Used as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Click Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingjun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Hainan University No 58, Renmin Avenue Haikou 570228 China
| | - Xiaofang Su
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Hainan University No 58, Renmin Avenue Haikou 570228 China
| | - Huanjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Hainan University No 58, Renmin Avenue Haikou 570228 China
- School of Science Qiongtai Normal University No 1, Xiaoji Road Haikou 571127 China
| | - Hui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Hainan University No 58, Renmin Avenue Haikou 570228 China
| | - Chaoyuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Hainan University No 58, Renmin Avenue Haikou 570228 China
| | - Yanan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Hainan University No 58, Renmin Avenue Haikou 570228 China
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38
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Haase F, Hirschle P, Freund R, Furukawa S, Ji Z, Wuttke S. Beyond Frameworks: Structuring Reticular Materials across Nano-, Meso-, and Bulk Regimes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22350-22370. [PMID: 32449245 PMCID: PMC7756821 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reticular materials are of high interest for diverse applications, ranging from catalysis and separation to gas storage and drug delivery. These open, extended frameworks can be tailored to the intended application through crystal-structure design. Implementing these materials in application settings, however, requires structuring beyond their lattices, to interface the functionality at the molecular level effectively with the macroscopic world. To overcome this barrier, efforts in expressing structural control across molecular, nano-, meso-, and bulk regimes is the essential next step. In this Review, we give an overview of recent advances in using self-assembly as well as externally controlled tools to manufacture reticular materials over all the length scales. We predict that major research advances in deploying these two approaches will facilitate the use of reticular materials in addressing major needs of society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Haase
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS)Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-kuKyoto606-8501Japan
| | - Patrick Hirschle
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS)Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 1181377MunichGermany
| | - Ralph Freund
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS)Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 1181377MunichGermany
| | - Shuhei Furukawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS)Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-kuKyoto606-8501Japan
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-kuKyoto615-8510Japan
| | - Zhe Ji
- Department of ChemistryStanford UniversityStanfordCalifornia94305-5012USA
| | - Stefan Wuttke
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS)Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 1181377MunichGermany
- BCMaterialsBasque Center for MaterialsUPV/EHU Science Park48940LeioaSpain
- IkerbasqueBasque Foundation for Science48013BilbaoSpain
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39
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Haase F, Hirschle P, Freund R, Furukawa S, Ji Z, Wuttke S. Mehr als nur ein Netzwerk: Strukturierung retikulärer Materialien im Nano‐, Meso‐ und Volumenbereich. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Haase
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Patrick Hirschle
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 11 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Ralph Freund
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 11 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Shuhei Furukawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Zhe Ji
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford Kalifornien 94305-5012 USA
| | - Stefan Wuttke
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 11 81377 München Deutschland
- BCMaterials Basque Center for Materials UPV/EHU Science Park 48940 Leioa Spanien
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science 48013 Bilbao Spanien
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40
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Geng K, Arumugam V, Xu H, Gao Y, Jiang D. Covalent organic frameworks: Polymer chemistry and functional design. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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41
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Alahakoon SB, Tan K, Pandey H, Diwakara SD, McCandless GT, Grinffiel DI, Durand-Silva A, Thonhauser T, Smaldone RA. 2D-Covalent Organic Frameworks with Interlayer Hydrogen Bonding Oriented through Designed Nonplanarity. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12987-12994. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haardik Pandey
- Department of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Road, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Timo Thonhauser
- Department of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Road, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
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42
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Wang H, Wang H, Wang Z, Tang L, Zeng G, Xu P, Chen M, Xiong T, Zhou C, Li X, Huang D, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Tang J. Covalent organic framework photocatalysts: structures and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4135-4165. [PMID: 32421139 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00278j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the light of increasing energy demand and environmental pollution, it is urgently required to find a clean and renewable energy source. In these years, photocatalysis that uses solar energy for either fuel production, such as hydrogen evolution and hydrocarbon production, or environmental pollutant degradation, has shown great potential to achieve this goal. Among the various photocatalysts, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are very attractive due to their excellent structural regularity, robust framework, inherent porosity and good activity. Thus, many studies have been carried out to investigate the photocatalytic performance of COFs and COF-based photocatalysts. In this critical review, the recent progress and advances of COF photocatalysts are thoroughly presented. Furthermore, diverse linkers between COF building blocks such as boron-containing connections and nitrogen-containing connections are summarised and compared. The morphologies of COFs and several commonly used strategies pertaining to photocatalytic activity are also discussed. Following this, the applications of COF-based photocatalysts are detailed including photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, CO2 conversion and degradation of environmental contaminants. Finally, a summary and perspective on the opportunities and challenges for the future development of COF and COF-based photocatalysts are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
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43
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Rahmanian O, Falsafin M, Dinari M. High surface area benzimidazole based porous covalent organic framework for removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omid Rahmanian
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of HealthHormozgan University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas Iran
| | - Molood Falsafin
- Department of ChemistryIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
| | - Mohammad Dinari
- Department of ChemistryIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
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44
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Wang Z, Zhang S, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Ma S. Covalent organic frameworks for separation applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:708-735. [PMID: 31993598 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00827f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 544] [Impact Index Per Article: 136.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of crystalline porous polymers with highly tuneable structures and functionalities. COFs have been proposed as ideal materials for applications in the energy-intensive field of molecular separation due to their notable intrinsic features such as low density, exceptional stability, high surface area, and readily adjustable pore size and chemical environment. This review attempts to highlight the key advancements made in the synthesis of COFs for diverse separation applications such as water treatment or the separation of gas mixtures and organic molecules, including chiral and isomeric compounds. Methods proposed for the fabrication of COF-based columns and continuous membranes for practical applications are also discussed in detail. Finally, a perspective regarding the remaining challenges and future directions for COF research in the field of separation has also been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
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45
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Geng K, He T, Liu R, Dalapati S, Tan KT, Li Z, Tao S, Gong Y, Jiang Q, Jiang D. Covalent Organic Frameworks: Design, Synthesis, and Functions. Chem Rev 2020; 120:8814-8933. [PMID: 31967791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1237] [Impact Index Per Article: 309.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of crystalline porous organic polymers with permanent porosity and highly ordered structures. Unlike other polymers, a significant feature of COFs is that they are structurally predesignable, synthetically controllable, and functionally manageable. In principle, the topological design diagram offers geometric guidance for the structural tiling of extended porous polygons, and the polycondensation reactions provide synthetic ways to construct the predesigned primary and high-order structures. Progress over the past decade in the chemistry of these two aspects undoubtedly established the base of the COF field. By virtue of the availability of organic units and the diversity of topologies and linkages, COFs have emerged as a new field of organic materials that offer a powerful molecular platform for complex structural design and tailor-made functional development. Here we target a comprehensive review of the COF field, provide a historic overview of the chemistry of the COF field, survey the advances in the topology design and synthetic reactions, illustrate the structural features and diversities, scrutinize the development and potential of various functions through elucidating structure-function correlations based on interactions with photons, electrons, holes, spins, ions, and molecules, discuss the key fundamental and challenging issues that need to be addressed, and predict the future directions from chemistry, physics, and materials perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ting He
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ruoyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Sasanka Dalapati
- Field of Environment and Energy, School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Japan
| | - Ke Tian Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhongping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yifan Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Qiuhong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
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46
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Haase F, Lotsch BV. Solving the COF trilemma: towards crystalline, stable and functional covalent organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8469-8500. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01027h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Strategies in covalent organic frameworks and adjacent fields are highlighted for designing stable, ordered and functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Haase
- Institute of Functional Interfaces
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Bettina V. Lotsch
- Nanochemistry Department
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
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47
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Liang RR, Jiang SY, A RH, Zhao X. Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks with hierarchical porosity. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:3920-3951. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00049c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the state-of-the-art progress achieved in two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with hierarchical porosity, an emerging class of COFs constructed by integrating different types of pores into one framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Ran Liang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Shu-Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Ru-Han A
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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48
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Alahakoon SB, Diwakara SD, Thompson CM, Smaldone RA. Supramolecular design in 2D covalent organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1344-1356. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00884e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of porous polymers with crystalline structures. This tutorial review discusses how the concepts of supramolecular chemistry are used to add form and function to COFs through their non-covalent bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath B. Alahakoon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Texas, Dallas
- Richardson
- USA
| | - Shashini D. Diwakara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Texas, Dallas
- Richardson
- USA
| | | | - Ronald A. Smaldone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Texas, Dallas
- Richardson
- USA
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49
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Chen X, Geng K, Liu R, Tan KT, Gong Y, Li Z, Tao S, Jiang Q, Jiang D. Kovalente organische Gerüstverbindungen: chemische Ansätze für Designerstrukturen und integrierte Funktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chen
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapur 117543 Singapur
| | - Keyu Geng
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapur 117543 Singapur
| | - Ruoyang Liu
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapur 117543 Singapur
| | - Ke Tian Tan
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapur 117543 Singapur
| | - Yifan Gong
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapur 117543 Singapur
| | - Zhongping Li
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapur 117543 Singapur
| | - Shanshan Tao
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapur 117543 Singapur
| | - Qiuhong Jiang
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapur 117543 Singapur
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapur 117543 Singapur
- Joint School of National University of Singapore, and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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50
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Chen X, Geng K, Liu R, Tan KT, Gong Y, Li Z, Tao S, Jiang Q, Jiang D. Covalent Organic Frameworks: Chemical Approaches to Designer Structures and Built-In Functions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:5050-5091. [PMID: 31144373 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new approach has been developed to design organic polymers using topology diagrams. This strategy enables covalent integration of organic units into ordered topologies and creates a new polymer form, that is, covalent organic frameworks. This is a breakthrough in chemistry because it sets a molecular platform for synthesizing polymers with predesignable primary and high-order structures, which has been a central aim for over a century but unattainable with traditional design principles. This new field has its own features that are distinct from conventional polymers. This Review summarizes the fundamentals as well as major progress by focusing on the chemistry used to design structures, including the principles, synthetic strategies, and control methods. We scrutinize built-in functions that are specific to the structures by revealing various interplays and mechanisms involved in the expression of function. We propose major fundamental issues to be addressed in chemistry as well as future directions from physics, materials, and application perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Keyu Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ruoyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ke Tian Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yifan Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhongping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Qiuhong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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