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Adhikari R, Brox J, Massicot S, Ruppel M, Jux N, Marbach H, Steinrück HP. Structure and Conformation of Individual Molecules upon Adsorption of a Mixture of Benzoporphyrins on Ag(111), Cu(111), and Cu(110) Surfaces. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300355. [PMID: 37341973 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the adsorption behavior of a mixture of six 2H-tetrakis-(3, 5-di-tert-butylphenyl)(x)benzoporphyrins (2H-diTTBP(x)BPs, x=0, 1, 2-cis, 2-trans, 3, and 4) on Ag(111), Cu(111) and Cu(110) at room temperature by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under ultra-high vacuum conditions. On Ag(111), we observe an ordered two-dimensional square phase, which is stable up to 400 K. On Cu(111), the same square phase coexists with a stripe phase, which disappears at 400 K. In contrast, on Cu(110), 2H-diTTBP(x)BPs adsorb as immobile isolated molecules or dispersed short chains along the [11 ‾ ${\bar{1}}$ 0] substrate direction, which remain intact up to 450 K. The stabilization of the 2D supramolecular structures on Ag(111) and Cu(111), and of the 1D short chains on Cu(110) is attributed to van der Waals interactions between the tert-butyl and phenyl groups of neighboring molecules. From high-resolution STM, we can assign all six 2H-diTTBP(x)BPs within the ordered structures. Moreover, we deduce a crown shape quadratic conformation on Ag(111) and Cu(111), an additional saddle-shape on Cu(111), and an inverted structure and a quadratic appearance on Cu(110). The different conformations are attributed to the different degree of interaction of the iminic nitrogen atoms of the isoindole and pyrrole groups with the substrate atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Adhikari
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Brox
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephen Massicot
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Ruppel
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hubertus Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Lungerich D, Hitzenberger JF, Ruppel M, Döpper T, Witt M, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Görling A, Jux N, Drewello T. Gas-Phase Transformation of Fluorinated Benzoporphyrins to Porphyrin-Embedded Conical Nanocarbons. Chemistry 2020; 26:12180-12187. [PMID: 32578918 PMCID: PMC7540561 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Geodesic nitrogen-containing graphene fragments are interesting candidates for various material applications, but the available synthetic protocols, which need to overcome intrinsic strain energy during the formation of the bowl-shaped skeletons, are often incompatible with heteroatom-embedded structures. Through this mass spectrometry-based gas-phase study, we show by means of collision-induced dissociation experiments and supported by density functional theory calculations, the first evidence for the formation of a porphyrin-embedded conical nanocarbon. The influences of metalation and functionalization of the used tetrabenzoporphyrins have been investigated, which revealed different cyclization efficiencies, different ionization possibilities, and a variation of the dissociation pathway. Our results suggest a stepwise process for HF elimination from the fjord region, which supports a selective pathway towards bent nitrogen-containing graphene fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lungerich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jakob Felix Hitzenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Ruppel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tibor Döpper
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Theoretical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Witt
- Bruker Daltonics GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ivana Ivanović-Burmazović
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Bioinorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Theoretical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Ruppel M, Gazetas LP, Lungerich D, Hampel F, Jux N. Investigations of Low-Symmetrical Tetraaryltetrabenzoporphyrins Produced by Mixed Condensation Reactions. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7781-7792. [PMID: 32408737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Within the past decade, tetraaryltetrabenzoporphyrins (TATBPs) have gained rising attention due to their potential in various fields of materials science and medicinal chemistry. However, this class of compounds still lacks in structural diversity, especially in the case of low-symmetrical compounds. Herein, mixed condensations were utilized to generate TATBPs with different substituents either in the meso-positions or the periphery of the macrocycle with total yields of 55-58%. The separation of crude mixtures was achieved by feasible chromatographic purification. The influence of symmetry on the electronic properties of TATBPs was studied by optical spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ruppel
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lampros-Pascal Gazetas
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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4
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Ruppel M, Lungerich D, Sturm S, Lippert R, Hampel F, Jux N. A Comprehensive Study on Tetraaryltetrabenzoporphyrins. Chemistry 2020; 26:3287-3296. [PMID: 31846109 PMCID: PMC7154557 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tetraaryltetrabenzoporphyrins (TATBPs) show, due to their optoelectronic properties, rising potential as dyes in various fields of physical and biomedical sciences. However, unlike in the case of porphyrins, the potential structural diversity of TATBPs has been explored only to little extent, owed mainly to synthetic hurdles. Herein, we prepared a comprehensive library of 30 TATBPs and investigated their fundamental properties. We elucidated structural properties by X-ray crystallography and found explanations for physical properties such as solubility. Fundamental electronic aspects were studied by optical spectroscopy as well as by electrochemistry and brought in context to the stability of the molecules. Finally, we were able to develop a universal synthetic protocol, utilizing a readily established isoindole synthon, which gives TATBPs in high yields, regardless of the nature of the used arylaldehyde and without meticulous chromatographic purifications steps. This work serves as point of orientation for scientists, that aim to utilize these molecules in materials, nanotechnological, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ruppel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–NuernbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–NuernbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sabrina Sturm
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Bioinorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NuernbergEgerlandstr. 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Rainer Lippert
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Bioinorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NuernbergEgerlandstr. 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–NuernbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–NuernbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
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Baker Cortés B, Schmidt N, Enache M, Stöhr M. Coverage-Dependent Structural Transformation of Cyano-Functionalized Porphyrin Networks on Au(111) via Addition of Cobalt Atoms. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:19681-19687. [PMID: 31447961 PMCID: PMC6701168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b05055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly process of a cobalt-porphyrin derivative (Co-TCNPP) containing cyanophenyl substituents at all four meso positions on Au(111) was studied by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED) under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Deposition of Co-TCNPP onto Au(111) gave rise to the formation of a close-packed H-bonded network, which was independent of coverage as revealed by STM and LEED. However, a coverage-dependent structural transformation took place upon the deposition of Co atoms. At monolayer coverage, a reticulated long-range ordered network exhibiting a distinct fourfold Co coordination was observed. By reduction of the molecular coverage, a second metal-organic coordination network (MOCN) was formed in coexistence with the fourfold Co-coordinated network, that is, a chevron structure stabilized by a simultaneous expression of H-bonding and threefold Co coordination. We attribute the coverage-dependent structural transformation to the in-plane compression pressure exerted by the molecules deposited on the surface. Our study shows that a subtle interplay between the chemical nature of the building blocks (molecules and metallic atoms) and molecular coverage can steer the formation of structurally different porphyrin-based MOCNs.
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Kuliga J, Zhang L, Lepper M, Lungerich D, Hölzel H, Jux N, Steinrück HP, Marbach H. Metalation and coordination reactions of 2H-meso-trans-di(p-cyanophenyl)porphyrin on Ag(111) with coadsorbed cobalt atoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:25062-25068. [PMID: 30250951 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05255g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the metalation and coordination reactions of Co with 2H-5,15-bis(para-cyanophenyl)-10,20-bisphenylporphyrin (2HtransDCNPP) on a Ag(111) surface by scanning tunneling microscopy. At room temperature (RT), 2HtransDCNPPs self-assemble into a supramolecular structure stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The metalation of 2HtransDCNPP is achieved either by depositing Co atoms onto the supramolecular structure at RT, or, alternatively, by depositing the molecules onto a submonolayer Co-precovered Ag(111) surface with a subsequent heating to 500 K. In addition, the molecules coordinate to Co atoms through the N atoms in the peripheral cyano groups with a preference of isolated 4-fold coordination motifs at RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kuliga
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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7
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Zhou X, Wang C, Zhang Y, Cheng F, He Y, Shen Q, Shang J, Shao X, Ji W, Chen W, Xu G, Wu K. Steering Surface Reaction Dynamics with a Self-Assembly Strategy: Ullmann Coupling on Metal Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zhou
- BNLMS; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Physics; Renmin University of China; Beijing 100872 China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- BNLMS; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Fang Cheng
- BNLMS; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yang He
- BNLMS; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Qian Shen
- BNLMS; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jian Shang
- BNLMS; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiang Shao
- Department of Chemical Physics; School of Chemistry and Materials Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Physics; Renmin University of China; Beijing 100872 China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Guoqin Xu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Kai Wu
- BNLMS; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
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8
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Zhou X, Wang C, Zhang Y, Cheng F, He Y, Shen Q, Shang J, Shao X, Ji W, Chen W, Xu G, Wu K. Steering Surface Reaction Dynamics with a Self-Assembly Strategy: Ullmann Coupling on Metal Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12852-12856. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zhou
- BNLMS; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Physics; Renmin University of China; Beijing 100872 China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- BNLMS; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Fang Cheng
- BNLMS; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yang He
- BNLMS; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Qian Shen
- BNLMS; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jian Shang
- BNLMS; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiang Shao
- Department of Chemical Physics; School of Chemistry and Materials Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Physics; Renmin University of China; Beijing 100872 China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Guoqin Xu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Kai Wu
- BNLMS; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
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Zhang L, Lepper M, Stark M, Menzel T, Lungerich D, Jux N, Hieringer W, Steinrück HP, Marbach H. On the critical role of the substrate: the adsorption behaviour of tetrabenzoporphyrins on different metal surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:20281-20289. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03731g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2HTPTBPs assemble into different supramolecular structures on different metal surfaces due to different molecule–substrate (molecule) interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
| | - Michael Lepper
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
| | - Michael Stark
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
| | - Teresa Menzel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Norbert Jux
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Wolfgang Hieringer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
| | - Hubertus Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
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Zhang L, Lepper M, Stark M, Schuster R, Lungerich D, Jux N, Steinrück HP, Marbach H. 2H
-Tetrakis(3,5-di-tert
-butyl)phenylporphyrin on a Cu(110) Surface: Room-Temperature Self-Metalation and Surface-Reconstruction-Facilitated Self-Assembly. Chemistry 2016; 22:3347-3354. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Germany
| | - Michael Lepper
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Germany
| | - Michael Stark
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Germany
| | - Ralf Schuster
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Germany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Germany
| | - Hubertus Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Germany
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