1
|
Kozlenko AS, Ozhogin IV, Pugachev AD, Lukyanova MB, El-Sewify IM, Lukyanov BS. A Modern Look at Spiropyrans: From Single Molecules to Smart Materials. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:8. [PMID: 36624333 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Photochromic compounds of the spiropyran family have two main isomers capable of inter-switching with UV or visible light. In the current review, we discuss recent advances in the synthesis, investigation of properties, and applications of spiropyran derivatives. Spiropyrans of the indoline series are in focus as the most promising representatives of multi-sensitive spirocyclic compounds, which can be switched by a number of external stimuli, including light, temperature, pH, presence of metal ions, and mechanical stress. Particular attention is paid to the structural features of molecules, their influence on photochromic properties, and the reactions taking place during isomerization, as the understanding of the structure-property relationships will rationalize the synthesis of compounds with predetermined characteristics. The main prospects for applications of spiropyrans in such fields as smart material production, molecular electronics and nanomachinery, sensing of environmental and biological molecules, and photopharmacology are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia S Kozlenko
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia.
| | - Ilya V Ozhogin
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Artem D Pugachev
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Maria B Lukyanova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Islam M El-Sewify
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Boris S Lukyanov
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen L, Wu Y, Zhang D, Cao S, Xu L, Li Y. Smart Nano‐switch with Flexible Modulation of Ion Transport Using Multiple Environmental Stimuli. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200884. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Dong Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Yuan‐Yi Wu
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Shuo‐Hui Cao
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
- Department of Electronic Science Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Lin‐Tao Xu
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Yao‐Qun Li
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Volarić J, Szymanski W, Simeth NA, Feringa BL. Molecular photoswitches in aqueous environments. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12377-12449. [PMID: 34590636 PMCID: PMC8591629 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00547a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches enable dynamic control of processes with high spatiotemporal precision, using light as external stimulus, and hence are ideal tools for different research areas spanning from chemical biology to smart materials. Photoswitches are typically organic molecules that feature extended aromatic systems to make them responsive to (visible) light. However, this renders them inherently lipophilic, while water-solubility is of crucial importance to apply photoswitchable organic molecules in biological systems, like in the rapidly emerging field of photopharmacology. Several strategies for solubilizing organic molecules in water are known, but there are not yet clear rules for applying them to photoswitchable molecules. Importantly, rendering photoswitches water-soluble has a serious impact on both their photophysical and biological properties, which must be taken into consideration when designing new systems. Altogether, these aspects pose considerable challenges for successfully applying molecular photoswitches in aqueous systems, and in particular in biologically relevant media. In this review, we focus on fully water-soluble photoswitches, such as those used in biological environments, in both in vitro and in vivo studies. We discuss the design principles and prospects for water-soluble photoswitches to inspire and enable their future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Volarić
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Niskanen
- Université de MontréalDépartement de chimie, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-Ville Montréal, QC H3 C 3 J7 Canada
| | - Jaana Vapaavuori
- Université de MontréalDépartement de chimie, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-Ville Montréal, QC H3 C 3 J7 Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAalto University P.O. Box 16100 FI-00076 AALTO Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Falireas PG, Vamvakaki M. Triple-Responsive Block Copolymer Micelles with Synergistic pH and Temperature Response. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis G. Falireas
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, 700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Vamvakaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, 700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun DW, Müller M. Process-Accessible States of Block Copolymers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:067801. [PMID: 28234527 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.067801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Process-directed self-assembly of block copolymers refers to thermodynamic processes that reproducibly direct the kinetics of structure formation from a starting, unstable state into a selected, metastable mesostructure. We investigate the kinetics of self-assembly of linear ACB triblock copolymers after a rapid transformation of the middle C block from B to A. This prototypical process (e.g., photochemical transformation) converts the initial, equilibrium mesophase of the ABB copolymer into a well-defined but unstable, starting state of the AAB copolymer. The spontaneous structure formation that ensues from this unstable state becomes trapped in a metastable mesostructure, and we systematically explore which metastable mesostructures can be fabricated by varying the block copolymer composition of the initial and final states. In addition to the equilibrium mesophases of linear AB diblock copolymers, this diagram of process-accessible states includes 7 metastable periodic mesostructures, inter alia, Schoen's F-RD periodic minimal surface. Generally, we observe that the final, metastable mesostructure of the AAB copolymer possesses the same symmetry as the initial, equilibrium mesophase of the ABB copolymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-Wen Sun
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Müller
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Cao M, Yuan B, Guo T, Zhang W. RAFT synthesis and micellization of a photo-, temperature- and pH-responsive diblock copolymer based on spiropyran. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01714f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A photo-, temperature- and pH-responsive diblock copolymer containing a rigid spiropyran moiety was synthesized and its micellization was investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Mengjiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Bing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Tianying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lísal M, Limpouchová Z, Procházka K. The self-assembly of copolymers with one hydrophobic and one polyelectrolyte block in aqueous media: a dissipative particle dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:16127-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00341a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reversible self-assembly of copolymers with one hydrophobic and one polyelectrolyte block.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lísal
- Laboratory of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS
- v. v. i
- 165 02 Prague 6-Suchdol
- Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Limpouchová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University in Prague
- 128 40 Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Karel Procházka
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University in Prague
- 128 40 Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Y, Chen S, Pang M, Zhang W. Synthesis and micellization of a multi-stimuli responsive block copolymer based on spiropyran. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01599a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A pH-, light-, LCST- and UCST-responsive block copolymer based on spiropyran is synthesized and the modulated micellization is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Shengli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Meili Pang
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| |
Collapse
|