1
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Fomete SKW, Johnson JS, Myllys N, Jen CN. Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Enhancement of Alkanolamines on Sulfuric Acid Nucleation. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4057-4067. [PMID: 35729723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and triethanolamine (TEA) are extensively used for CO2 capture and consumer products. Despite their prevalence in industrial applications, the fate of alkanolamines in the atmosphere remains relatively unknown. One likely reaction pathway for these chemicals in the atmosphere is new particle formation with sulfuric acid. Here, we present the first experimental results showing the formation of sulfuric acid dimers enhanced by MEA, DEA, and TEA from the measurement of molecular clusters. This study examines the nucleation reactions of MEA, DEA, and TEA with sulfuric acid in a clean, laminar flow reactor. The chemical compositions and concentrations of the freshly nucleated clusters were analyzed using a custom-built atmospheric pressure chemical ionization long time-of-flight mass spectrometer known as the Pittsburgh Cluster CIMS. Quantum chemical calculations and kinetic modeling of sulfuric acid-MEA/DEA/TEA clusters were also performed to determine relative cluster stabilities between these sulfuric acid-base systems. Experimental results indicate that MEA, DEA, and TEA at the part per trillion by volume (pptv) concentrations can enhance sulfuric acid dimer formation rates but to a lesser extent than dimethylamine (DMA). Thus, MEA, DEA, and TEA will potentially play an important role in new particle formation in industrial cities where these alkanolamines are emitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra K W Fomete
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jack S Johnson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Nanna Myllys
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Coty N Jen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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2
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Speak TH, Medeiros DJ, Blitz MA, Seakins PW. OH Kinetics with a Range of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds: N-Methylformamide, t-Butylamine, and N-Methyl-propane Diamine. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10439-10450. [PMID: 34818012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Emissions of amines and amides to the atmosphere are significant from both anthropogenic and natural sources, and amides can be formed as secondary pollutants. Relatively little kinetic data exist on overall rate coefficients with OH, the most important tropospheric oxidant, and even less on site-specific data which control the product distribution. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) can be used to estimate both quantities. Rate coefficients for the reaction of OH with t-butylamine (k1), N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine (k2), and N-methylformamide (k3) have been measured using laser flash photolysis coupled with laser-induced fluorescence. Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) has been used to ensure the reliable introduction of these low-vapor pressure N-containing compounds and to give qualitative information on products. Supporting ab initio calculations are presented for the t-butylamine system. The following rate coefficients have been determined: k1,298K= (1.66 ± 0.20) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, k(T)1 = 1.65 × 10-11 (T/300)-0.69 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, k2,293K = (7.09 ± 0.22) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, and k3,298K = (1.03 ± 0.23) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. For OH + t-butylamine, ab initio calculations predict that the fraction of N-H abstraction is 0.87. The dominance of this channel was qualitatively confirmed using end-product analysis. The reaction of OH with N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine also had a negative temperature dependence, but the reduction in the rate coefficient was complicated by reagent loss. The measured rate coefficient for reaction 3 is in good agreement with a recent relative rate study. The results of this work and the literature data are compared with the recent SAR estimates for the reaction of OH with reduced nitrogen compounds. Although the SARs reproduce the overall rate coefficients for reactions, site-specific agreement with this work and other literature studies is less strong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Speak
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | | | - Mark A Blitz
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Paul W Seakins
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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3
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Ma F, Xie HB, Elm J, Shen J, Chen J, Vehkamäki H. Piperazine Enhancing Sulfuric Acid-Based New Particle Formation: Implications for the Atmospheric Fate of Piperazine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8785-8795. [PMID: 31287292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Piperazine (PZ), a cyclic diamine, is one of 160 detected atmospheric amines and an alternative solvent to the widely used monoethanolamine in post-combustion CO2 capture. Participating in H2SO4 (sulfuric acid, SA)-based new particle formation (NPF) could be an important removal pathway for PZ. Here, we employed quantum chemical calculations and kinetics modeling to evaluate the enhancing potential of PZ on SA-based NPF by examining the formation of PZ-SA clusters. The results indicate that PZ behaves more like a monoamine in stabilizing SA and can enhance SA-based NPF at the parts per trillion (ppt) level. The enhancing potential of PZ is less than that of the chainlike diamine putrescine and greater than that of dimethylamine, which is one of the strongest enhancing agents confirmed by ambient observations and experiments. After the initial formation of the (PZ)1(SA)1 cluster, the cluster mainly grows by gradual addition of SA or PZ monomer, followed by addition of (PZ)1(SA)1 cluster. We find that the ratio of PZ removal by NPF to that by the combination of NPF and oxidations is 0.5-0.97 at 278.15 K. As a result, we conclude that participation in the NPF pathway could significantly alter the environmental impact of PZ compared to only considering oxidation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , DK- 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Jiewen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Hanna Vehkamäki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a , FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
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4
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Bourgalais J, Caster KL, Durif O, Osborn DL, Le Picard SD, Goulay F. Product Detection of the CH Radical Reactions with Ammonia and Methyl-Substituted Amines. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2178-2193. [PMID: 30803230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b11688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of the methylidyne (CH) radical with ammonia (NH3), methylamine (CH3NH2), dimethylamine ((CH3)2NH), and trimethylamine ((CH3)3N) have been investigated under multiple collision conditions at 373 K and 4 Torr. The reaction products are detected by using soft photoionization coupled to orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) synchrotron. Kinetic traces are employed to discriminate between CH reaction products and products from secondary or slower reactions. Branching ratios for isomers produced at a given mass and formed by a single reaction are obtained by fitting the observed photoionization spectra to linear combinations of pure compound spectra. The reaction of the CH radical with ammonia is found to form mainly imine, HN═CH2, in line with an addition-elimination mechanism. The singly methyl-substituted imine is detected for the CH reactions with methylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine. Dimethylimine isomers are formed by the reaction of CH with dimethylamine, while trimethylimine is formed by the CH reaction with trimethylamine. Overall, the temporal profiles of the products are not consistent with the formation of aminocarbene products in the reaction flow tube. In the case of the reactions with methylamine and dimethylamine, product formation is assigned to an addition-elimination mechanism similar to that proposed for the CH reaction with ammonia. However, this mechanism cannot explain the products detected by the reaction with trimethylamine. A C-H insertion pathway may become more probable as the number of methyl groups increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Bourgalais
- LATMOS/IPSL , UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay , Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 78280 Guyancourt , France
| | - Kacee L Caster
- Department of Chemistry , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia 26506 , United States
| | - Olivier Durif
- Astrophysique de Laboratoire , Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - David L Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility, Mail Stop 9055 , Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore , California 94551 , United States
| | - Sebastien D Le Picard
- Astrophysique de Laboratoire , Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Fabien Goulay
- Department of Chemistry , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia 26506 , United States
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5
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Potter DG, Wiseman S, Blitz MA, Seakins PW. Laser Photolysis Kinetic Study of OH Radical Reactions with Methyl tert-Butyl Ether and Trimethyl Orthoformate under Conditions Relevant to Low Temperature Combustion: Measurements of Rate Coefficients and OH Recycling. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9701-9711. [PMID: 30427183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) and trimethyl orthoformate (TMOF) are potential biofuel ethers and could replace conventional fossil fuels, or act as additives to aid combustion. Laser flash photolysis with laser-induced fluorescence detection of the OH radical has been used to measure the rate coefficients of the OH reaction with these ethers, from 298 K to approximately 740 K. The temperature dependence of the rate coefficients is parametrized as kOH+MTBE(298-680 K) = 9.8 × 10-13× ( T/298)2.7 × exp(2500/R T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and kOH+TMOF(298-744 K) = 8.0 × 10-13 × [( T/298)2.6 + ( T/298)-8.1] × exp[2650/R T] cm3 molecule-1 s-1. The room temperature (298 K) bimolecular rate coefficients were measured as kOH+MTBE = (2.81 ± 0.32) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and kOH+TMOF = (4.65 ± 0.50) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 where the errors represent statistical uncertainties at the 2σ level in combination with an estimated 10% systematic error. Regeneration of OH radicals was observed for both reactions at higher temperatures in the presence of O2 via biexponential OH decays, which were observed above 489 K and 568 K, for TMOF and MTBE respectively. The OH yield from MTBE/O2, between 620 and 700 K, was invariant with the concentration of oxygen (1015-1018 molecules cm-3) at (36 ± 5)%. Mechanisms for OH regeneration from MTBE are briefly discussed and compared with those in the literature and from dimethyl and diethyl ether. The lower OH yield from MTBE, compared to these other ethers, is most likely due to competition with an HO2 formation channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Potter
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , U.K.,School of Chemical and Process Engineering , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , U.K
| | - Scott Wiseman
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , U.K
| | - Mark A Blitz
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , U.K.,National Centre for Atmospheric Science , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , U.K
| | - Paul W Seakins
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , U.K.,National Centre for Atmospheric Science , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , U.K
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6
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Medeiros DJ, Blitz MA, James L, Speak TH, Seakins PW. Kinetics of the Reaction of OH with Isoprene over a Wide Range of Temperature and Pressure Including Direct Observation of Equilibrium with the OH Adducts. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:7239-7255. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b04829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. J. Medeiros
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - M. A. Blitz
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - L. James
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - T. H. Speak
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - P. W. Seakins
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
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7
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Tan W, Zhu L, Mikoviny T, Nielsen CJ, Wisthaler A, Eichler P, Müller M, D'Anna B, Farren NJ, Hamilton JF, Pettersson JBC, Hallquist M, Antonsen S, Stenstrøm Y. Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Reaction of tert-Butylamine with OH Radicals in the Atmosphere. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4470-4480. [PMID: 29659281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The OH-initiated atmospheric degradation of tert-butylamine (tBA), (CH3)3CNH2, was investigated in a detailed quantum chemistry study and in laboratory experiments at the European Photoreactor (EUPHORE) in Spain. The reaction was found to mainly proceed via hydrogen abstraction from the amino group, which in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NO x), generates tert-butylnitramine, (CH3)3CNHNO2, and acetone as the main reaction products. Acetone is formed via the reaction of tert-butylnitrosamine, (CH3)3CNHNO, and/or its isomer tert-butylhydroxydiazene, (CH3)3CN═NOH, with OH radicals, which yield nitrous oxide (N2O) and the (CH3)3Ċ radical. The latter is converted to acetone and formaldehyde. Minor predicted and observed reaction products include formaldehyde, 2-methylpropene, acetamide and propan-2-imine. The reaction in the EUPHORE chamber was accompanied by strong particle formation which was induced by an acid-base reaction between photochemically formed nitric acid and the reagent amine. The tert-butylaminium nitrate salt was found to be of low volatility, with a vapor pressure of 5.1 × 10-6 Pa at 298 K. The rate of reaction between tert-butylamine and OH radicals was measured to be 8.4 (±1.7) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 305 ± 2 K and 1015 ± 1 hPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Tomáš Mikoviny
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Claus J Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway.,Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Armin Wisthaler
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway.,Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Philipp Eichler
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Markus Müller
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Barbara D'Anna
- IRCELYON, CNRS, University of Lyon , 69626 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Naomi J Farren
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of York , York YO10 5DD , United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline F Hamilton
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of York , York YO10 5DD , United Kingdom
| | - Jan B C Pettersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science , University of Gothenburg , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science , University of Gothenburg , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Simen Antonsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås , Norway
| | - Yngve Stenstrøm
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås , Norway
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8
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Xie HB, Elm J, Halonen R, Myllys N, Kurtén T, Kulmala M, Vehkamäki H. Atmospheric Fate of Monoethanolamine: Enhancing New Particle Formation of Sulfuric Acid as an Important Removal Process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:8422-8431. [PMID: 28651044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Monoethanolamine (MEA), a potential atmospheric pollutant from the capture unit of a leading CO2 capture technology, could be removed by participating H2SO4-based new particle formation (NPF) as simple amines. Here we evaluated the enhancing potential of MEA on H2SO4-based NPF by examining the formation of molecular clusters of MEA and H2SO4 using combined quantum chemistry calculations and kinetics modeling. The results indicate that MEA at the parts per trillion (ppt) level can enhance H2SO4-based NPF. The enhancing potential of MEA is less than that of dimethylamine (DMA), one of the strongest enhancing agents, and much greater than methylamine (MA), in contrast to the order suggested solely by their basicity (MEA < MA < DMA). The unexpectedly high enhancing potential is attributed to the role of -OH of MEA in increasing cluster binding free energies by acting as both a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor. After the initial formation of one H2SO4 and one MEA cluster, the cluster growth mainly proceeds by first adding one H2SO4, and then one MEA, which differs from growth pathways in H2SO4-DMA and H2SO4-MA systems. Importantly, the effective removal rate of MEA due to participation in NPF is comparable to that of oxidation by hydroxyl radicals at 278.15 K, indicating NPF as an important sink for MEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roope Halonen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nanna Myllys
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Vehkamäki
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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