1
|
Zhu X, Huang A, Martens I, Vostrov N, Sun Y, Richard MI, Schülli TU, Wang L. High-Voltage Spinel Cathode Materials: Navigating the Structural Evolution for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403482. [PMID: 38722691 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
High-voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) spinel oxides are highly promising cobalt-free cathode materials to cater to the surging demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, commercial application of LNMOs is still challenging despite decades of research. To address the challenge, the understanding of their crystallography and structural evolutions during synthesis and electrochemical operation is critical. This review aims to illustrate and to update the fundamentals of crystallography, phase transition mechanisms, and electrochemical behaviors of LNMOs. First, the research history of LNMO and its development into a LIB cathode material is outlined. Then the structural basics of LNMOs including the classic and updated views of the crystal polymorphism, interconversion between the polymorphs, and structure-composition relationship is reviewed. Afterward, the phase transition mechanisms of LNMOs that connect structural and electrochemical properties are comprehensively discussed from fundamental thermodynamics to operando dynamics at intra- and inter-particle levels. In addition, phase evolutions during overlithiation as well as thermal-/electrochemical-driven phase transformations of LNMOs are also discussed. Finally, recommendations are offered for the further development of LNMOs as well as other complex materials to unlock their full potential for future sustainable and powerful batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, P. R. China
| | - Aoyu Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, P. R. China
| | - Isaac Martens
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | | | - Yongqi Sun
- School of Metallurgy and Environment and National Center for International Cooperation of Clean Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, 38000, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG MEM, NRX, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | | | - Lianzhou Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, and Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Luo Y, Wang Y, Li L, Du Y, Yan L, Yang T, Wen W, Zhang L, Guo R, Yang C, Xie J. Identifying Element-Modulated Reactivity and Stability of the High-Voltage Spinel Cathode Materials via In Situ Time-Resolved X-Ray Diffraction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58467-58474. [PMID: 34870959 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Designing and identifying a dopant-involved material is quite significant, especially for battery science. LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, being one of the most appealing candidates for high-potential lithium-ion batteries, has attracted immense attention and been investigated with Al or F dopants for its undesirable inherent structural challenges. Although the excellent performance of Al- or F-doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 has been reported previously, the relationship between dopants, structural variation, and electrochemistry has not been fully identified. Hence, synchronous time-resolved XRD techniques are applied for identifying a guideline of the phase variations in cathodic (Al3+)- and anodic (F-)-substituted LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, which revealed a three-phase evolution as a function of structural stability. Also, the Al-substituted materials exhibit excellent reactivity and stability, which can be clearly identified via the stable buffer phase existing in high power density or after long cycling due to the improvement in reaction kinetics of phase transition and the lithium-ion diffusion coefficient, just opposite to F doping. This provides a good guideline for identifying an element-modulated mechanism of reactivity or stability of materials science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources Technology, Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Linsen Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Sichuan Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Yingjie Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Liqin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources Technology, Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Tianrang Yang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (North China Electric Power University), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wen Wen
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Liheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Rui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources Technology, Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources Technology, Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Jingying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources Technology, Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, Shanghai 200245, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu D, Shadike Z, Lin R, Qian K, Li H, Li K, Wang S, Yu Q, Liu M, Ganapathy S, Qin X, Yang QH, Wagemaker M, Kang F, Yang XQ, Li B. Review of Recent Development of In Situ/Operando Characterization Techniques for Lithium Battery Research. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806620. [PMID: 31099081 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demands of energy storage require the significant improvement of current Li-ion battery electrode materials and the development of advanced electrode materials. Thus, it is necessary to gain an in-depth understanding of the reaction processes, degradation mechanism, and thermal decomposition mechanisms under realistic operation conditions. This understanding can be obtained by in situ/operando characterization techniques, which provide information on the structure evolution, redox mechanism, solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, side reactions, and Li-ion transport properties under operating conditions. Here, the recent developments in the in situ/operando techniques employed for the investigation of the structural stability, dynamic properties, chemical environment changes, and morphological evolution are described and summarized. The experimental approaches reviewed here include X-ray, electron, neutron, optical, and scanning probes. The experimental methods and operating principles, especially the in situ cell designs, are described in detail. Representative studies of the in situ/operando techniques are summarized, and finally the major current challenges and future opportunities are discussed. Several important battery challenges are likely to benefit from these in situ/operando techniques, including the inhomogeneous reactions of high-energy-density cathodes, the development of safe and reversible Li metal plating, and the development of stable SEI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Liu
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zulipiya Shadike
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Ruoqian Lin
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Kun Qian
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Nano Energy Materials Laboratory (NEM), Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hai Li
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kaikai Li
- Interdisciplinary Division of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Shuwei Wang
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qipeng Yu
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 15, Delft, 2629JB, The Netherlands
| | - Swapna Ganapathy
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 15, Delft, 2629JB, The Netherlands
| | - Xianying Qin
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Quan-Hong Yang
- Nanoyang Group, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Marnix Wagemaker
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 15, Delft, 2629JB, The Netherlands
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Nano Energy Materials Laboratory (NEM), Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Yang
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Baohua Li
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Materials and Devices Testing Center, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Phase transformation mechanism in lithium manganese nickel oxide revealed by single-crystal hard X-ray microscopy. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14309. [PMID: 28145406 PMCID: PMC5296648 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the reaction pathway and kinetics of solid-state phase transformation is critical in designing advanced electrode materials with better performance and stability. Despite the first-order phase transition with a large lattice mismatch between the involved phases, spinel LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 is capable of fast rate even at large particle size, presenting an enigma yet to be understood. The present study uses advanced two-dimensional and three-dimensional nano-tomography on a series of well-formed LixMn1.5Ni0.5O4 (0≤x≤1) crystals to visualize the mesoscale phase distribution, as a function of Li content at the sub-particle level. Inhomogeneity along with the coexistence of Li-rich and Li-poor phases are broadly observed on partially delithiated crystals, providing direct evidence for a concurrent nucleation and growth process instead of a shrinking-core or a particle-by-particle process. Superior kinetics of (100) facets at the vertices of truncated octahedral particles promote preferential delithiation, whereas the observation of strain-induced cracking suggests mechanical degradation in the material. As an intercalation electrode material for lithium ion batteries, spinel LixMn1.5Ni0.5O4 possesses a metastable nature during the electrochemical operation. Here the authors reveal the phase transformation mechanism by using single-crystal hard X-ray microscopy to detect the local phase distribution.
Collapse
|