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Mechanisms for Catalytic CO Oxidation on SiAu n ( n = 1-5) Cluster. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041917. [PMID: 36838905 PMCID: PMC9962203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in understanding the reactivity and catalytic activity of gas-phase and loaded gold clusters for CO oxidation. However, little research has focused on mixed silicon/gold clusters (SiAun) for CO oxidation. In the present work, we performed density function theory (DFT) calculations for a SiAun (n = 1-5) cluster at the CAM-B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ-PP level and investigated the effects on the reactivity and catalytic activity of the SiAun cluster for CO oxidation. The calculated results show that the effect is very low for the activation barriers for the formation of OOCO intermediates on SiAu clusters, SiAu3 clusters, and SiAu5 clusters in the catalytic oxidation of CO and the activation energy barriers for the formation of OCO intermediates on OSiAu3, OSiAu4, and OSiAu5. Our calculations show that, compared with the conventional small Au cluster, the incorporation of Si enhances the catalytic performance towards CO oxidation.
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Anis I, Dar MS, Bhat GA, Rather GM, Dar MA. Probing the Site-Specific Reactivity and Catalytic Activity of Ag n ( n = 15-20) Silver Clusters. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:19687-19693. [PMID: 35721984 PMCID: PMC9202251 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations within the framework of generalized gradient approximation (GGA), meta-GGA, and local functionals were carried out to investigate the reactivity and catalytic activity of Ag n (n = 15-20) clusters. Our results reveal that all the Ag n clusters in this size range, except Ag20, adsorb O2 preferably in the bridged mode with enhanced binding energy as compared to the atop mode. The O2 binding energies range from 0.77 to 0.29 in the bridged mode and from 0.36 to 0.15 eV in the atop mode of O2 adsorption. The strong binding in the case of the bridged mode of O2 adsorption is also reflected in the increase in O-O bond distance. Natural bond orbital charge analysis and vibrational frequency calculations reveal that enhanced charge transfer occurs to the O2 molecule and there is significant red shift in the stretching frequency of O-O bond in the case of the bridged mode of O2 adsorption on the clusters, thereby confirming the above results. Moreover, the simulated CO oxidation reaction pathways show that the oxidation of the CO molecule is highly facile on Ag16 and Ag18 clusters involving small kinetic barriers and higher heats toward CO2 formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insha Anis
- Department
of Chemistry, Islamic University of Science
and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu and Kashmir 192122, India
| | - Mohd. Saleem Dar
- Biochemical
Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Gulzar Ahmad Bhat
- Center
for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Ghulam Mohammad Rather
- Department
of Chemistry, Islamic University of Science
and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu and Kashmir 192122, India
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Dar
- Department
of Chemistry, Islamic University of Science
and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu and Kashmir 192122, India
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Yang L, Gu X, Li B, Niu K, Jin P. Small Amount Makes a Big Difference: Critical ( n - 1)d Valence Orbitals of Heavy Alkaline Earth Metals inside Cage Clusters. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8621-8630. [PMID: 34096260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heavy alkaline earth metals (Aes) are usually considered to engage in chemical bonding by donating the two electrons on ns atomic orbitals (AOs). In this work, a series of typical endohedrally doped cage clusters Ae@cage (Ae = Ca, Sr, Ba; cage = C32, C74, C94, B40, Si20, Sn12, Au16) were thoroughly investigated by means of density functional theory calculations. We found that their occupied molecular orbitals have ∼1 to 14% contributions from Ae-(n - 1)d AOs due to electron back-donation from the cage. Though the amount is small, it is hard to ignore: with the d orbitals, all these endohedral clusters exhibit obviously shortened Ae-cage distances, greatly enhanced encapsulation stabilities, changed highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) gaps, and much lowered Ae valences far from ideal +2. Evidently, the valence orbitals of Ca/Sr/Ba in these systems should include both ns and (n - 1)d. By disclosing the critical role of unnoticed metal orbitals, our work provides completely new insights into the cluster field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Xiaojiao Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Kai Niu
- School of Sciences, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
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Joshi K, Krishnamurty S, Dar MA. Surface functionalization: an efficient alternative for promoting the catalytic activity of closed shell gold clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:23351-23359. [PMID: 33043944 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01918f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Surface functionalization through adsorption of ligands or non-metal atoms is considered to be an interesting and viable approach for tuning the physicochemical properties of gold clusters. Highly stable and magic numbered electronic configurations of thiolate protected gold clusters such as Au25(SR)18, Au38(SR)24etc. with intriguing properties are the direct manifestation of the rich chemistry of the Au-S interface. The present investigation discerns the CO oxidation activity of structurally well characterized sulphur functionalized gold cluster anions AumS4-, m = 6-10. To establish an in-depth understanding, their activities are analyzed and compared with the corresponding pristine gold clusters. It is seen that sulphur functionalization irrespective of a closed or open shell nature leads to a significant decrease in the O2 adsorption energies on the anionic gold clusters. However, in sharp contrast to O2 adsorption, surface functionalization gives rise to multifarious catalytic behavior in AumS4- clusters with catalytic activity ranging from low (for Au6S4-, Au8S4-) to moderate (for Au9S4-, Au10S4-) to very high (for Au7S4-) for CO oxidation. It is interesting to note that the closed shell Au7S4- and Au9S4- clusters with poor O2 adsorption show remarkably low activation barriers and enhanced catalytic activity as compared to the open shell AumS4- clusters with an odd number of electrons. In particular, in the case of Au7S4- the lowest activation energy barriers of 0.01 and 0.21 eV are obtained, making the CO oxidation reaction facile. Moreover, ab initio molecular dynamics are performed to confirm the enhanced catalytic behaviour of Au7S4- and its dynamical stability during the desorption of CO2 molecule from its surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krati Joshi
- Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 630 006, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qiuying Du
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Si Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Center for Informatics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, U. P., India
- Dr. Vijay Kumar Foundation, 1969 Sector 4, Gurgaon 122001, Haryana, India
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Sengupta T, Chung JS, Kang SG. A mechanistic insight into rhodium-doped gold clusters as a better hydrogenation catalyst. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:5125-5138. [PMID: 32073083 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10258b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The reaction mechanism of the hydrogenation of ethylene on pristine (Aun, n = 8 and 20) and rhodium-doped (AunRh) gold clusters was unveiled by theoretical calculations. All reaction pathways are predicted and the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters are computed and compared. Doping a rhodium atom on the magic gold cluster surface is effective in reducing the activation barriers for hydrogenation and in creating two competitive pathways with significantly higher turnover frequencies. The lower barriers of hydrogenation on the AunRh clusters were analyzed and explained based on distortion/interaction activation strain (DIAS) analysis. Further insights into the reaction mechanism on both types of clusters are provided by intrinsic bond orbital (IBO) calculations. This theoretical study provides an idea to elucidate the hydrogenation mechanism on Au clusters and the effect of the rhodium dopant on the catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turbasu Sengupta
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehakro, Nam-Gu, Ulsan 44610, South Korea.
| | - Jin Suk Chung
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehakro, Nam-Gu, Ulsan 44610, South Korea.
| | - Sung Gu Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehakro, Nam-Gu, Ulsan 44610, South Korea.
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Dar MA, Krishnamurty S. Molecular and Dissociative Adsorption of Oxygen on Au-Pd Bimetallic Clusters: Role of Composition and Spin State of the Cluster. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12687-12695. [PMID: 31460390 PMCID: PMC6682065 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of molecular oxygen as an oxidizing agent in industrially important reactions is the ultimate goal to design environmentally benign processes under ambient conditions. However, the high thermal stability and a large O-O dissociation barrier in O2 molecule pose a great challenge toward its successful application in the oxidative chemistry. To achieve this goal, different catalysts based on monometallic and bimetallic clusters have been developed over the years to promote binding and dissociation of molecular oxygen. The successful design of efficient metal cluster catalysis needs an in-depth knowledge of synergistic effects between different metal atoms and intrinsic catalytic mechanisms for O2 adsorption and dissociation. Here, we present a systematic theoretical investigation of reaction pathways for O2 adsorption and dissociation on Au8, Pd8, and Au8-n Pd n (n = 1-7) nanoclusters in different spin states. The density functional calculations point out that the O2 dissociation barriers can be significantly reduced with the help of certain bimetallic clusters along specific spin channels. Our results particularly indicate that Au5Pd3 and Au1Pd7 show very large O2 binding energies of 1.76 and 1.69 eV, respectively. The enhanced O2 binding subsequently leads to low activation barriers of 0.98 and 1.19 eV along the doublet and quartet spin channels, respectively, without the involvement of any spin flip-over for O2 dissociation. Furthermore, the computed O2 dissociation barriers are significantly low as compared to the already reported barriers (1.95-3.65 eV) on monometallic and bimetallic Au-Ag clusters. The results provide key mechanistic insights into the interaction and dissociation of molecular oxygen with Au-Pd clusters, which can prove informative for the design of efficient catalysts for oxidative chemistry involving molecular oxygen as a reactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor Ahmad Dar
- Department
of Chemistry, Islamic University of Science
and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu and Kashmir 192122, India
| | - Sailaja Krishnamurty
- Physical
Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
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Zhou S, Pei W, Du Q, Zhao J. Foreign atom encapsulated Au 12 golden cages for catalysis of CO oxidation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:10587-10593. [PMID: 31074754 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01517e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gold clusters are known for their unique catalytic properties, among which, endohedral gold clusters doped with heteroatoms have remarkable stabilities, with electronic structures tunable by both cluster size and doping element. Thus, it is intriguing and imperative to understand the principles for modulating the catalytic behaviors of these novel clusters. Here, we exploit experimentally produced M@Au12 (M = transition metal) cage clusters for catalysis of CO oxidation. The doping effects of 3d, 4d and 5d transition metals (V, Cr, Mn, Nb, Mo, Ta, W and Re) on the catalytic properties were systematically explored by first-principles calculations. Among the considered M@Au12 clusters, Cr@Au12 and Mn@Au12 provide a suitable binding strength with reaction intermediates and are highly active for CO oxidation with reaction barriers of 0.41 eV under the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. More importantly, we establish a distinct relationship between catalytic activity and the M-Au bond order and the d orbital center of the M@Au12 clusters, which would help tailor their catalytic performance with atomistic precision and enable utilization of these stable gold cages for catalysis of various chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Wei Pei
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Qiuying Du
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China.
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Samanta B, Sengupta T, Pal S. Aluminum cluster for CO and O 2 adsorption. J Mol Model 2018; 25:2. [PMID: 30523420 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Low temperature oxidation of CO to CO2 is an important process for the environment. Similarly adsorption of CO from the releasing sources is also of major concern today. Whereas the potential of gold and silver clusters is well proven for the catalysis of the above mentioned reaction, the potential of aluminum (Al) clusters remains unexplored. The present study proves that, similar to the transition metals, Al clusters can also be used for adsorption of gases. We first tested the potential of Al cluster as adsorbents for CO. The high binding energy (BE) values prove that Al clusters can be used for adsorbing both CO and O2. Since oxygen binding is more facile, we adsorbed oxygen on Al and then checked the effect of this O2 on the BE of CO. The results were obtained by DFT calculations at M062X/TZVP level of theory. Graphical abstract Activation of carbon monoxide (CO) on oxygen-adsorbed aluminum (Al) cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipasa Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Turbasu Sengupta
- Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Sourav Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India. .,Department of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
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10
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Relativistic and nonrelativistic structures, stabilities and electronic properties of small neutral gold clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Montemore MM, van Spronsen MA, Madix RJ, Friend CM. O2 Activation by Metal Surfaces: Implications for Bonding and Reactivity on Heterogeneous Catalysts. Chem Rev 2017; 118:2816-2862. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M. Montemore
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Matthijs A. van Spronsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Robert J. Madix
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Cynthia M. Friend
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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