1
|
Kunert M, Piwonski I, Hardan L, Bourgi R, Sauro S, Inchingolo F, Lukomska-Szymanska M. Dentine Remineralisation Induced by "Bioactive" Materials through Mineral Deposition: An In Vitro Study. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:274. [PMID: 38334546 PMCID: PMC10857417 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the ability of modern resin-based "bioactive" materials (RBMs) to induce dentine remineralisation via mineral deposition and compare the results to those obtained with calcium silicate cements (CSMs). The following materials were employed for restoration of dentine cavities: CSMs: ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Sirona), MTA Angelus (Angelus), Biodentine (Septodont), and TheraCal LC (Bisco); RBMs: ACTIVA BioACTIVE Base/Liner (Pulpdent), ACTIVA Presto (Pulpdent), and Predicta Bioactive Bulk (Parkell). The evaluation of the mineral deposition was performed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) on the material and dentine surfaces, as well as at the dentine-material interface after immersion in simulated body fluid. Additionally, the Ca/P ratios were also calculated in all the tested groups. The specimens were analysed after setting (baseline) and at 24 h, 7, 14, and 28 days. ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus, Biodentine, and TheraCal LC showed significant surface precipitation, which filled the gap between the material and the dentine. Conversely, the three RBMs showed only a slight ability to induce mineral precipitation, although none of them was able to remineralise the dentine-material interface. In conclusion, in terms of mineral precipitation, modern "bioactive" RBMs are not as effective as CSMs in inducing dentine remineralisation; these latter represent the only option to induce a possible reparative process at the dentin-material interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kunert
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ireneusz Piwonski
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 163 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Louis Hardan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon; (L.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Rim Bourgi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon; (L.H.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera C/Del Pozo ss/n, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gharbi A, Oudadesse H, El Feki H, Cheikhrouhou-Koubaa W, Chatzistavrou X, V Rau J, Heinämäki J, Antoniac I, Ashammakhi N, Derbel N. High Boron Content Enhances Bioactive Glass Biodegradation. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:364. [PMID: 37504859 PMCID: PMC10381889 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Derived Hench bioactive glass (BaG) containing boron (B) is explored in this work as it plays an important role in bone development and regeneration. B was also found to enhance BaG dissociation. However, it is only possible to incorporate a limited amount of B. To increase the amount of B in BaG, bioactive borosilicate glasses (BaG-Bx) were fabricated based on the use of the solution-gelation process (sol-gel). In this work, a high B content (20 wt.%) in BaG, respecting the conditions of bioactivity and biodegradability required by Hench, was achieved for the first time. The capability of BaG-Bx to form an apatite phase was assessed in vitro by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). Then, the chemical structure and the morphological changes in the fabricated BaG-Bx (x = 0, 5, 10 and 20) were studied. The formation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) layer was observed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The presence of HAp layer was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Enhanced bioactivity and chemical stability of BaG-Bx were evaluated with an ion exchange study based on Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Results indicate that by increasing the concentration of B in BaG-Bx, the crystallization rate and the quality of the newly formed HAp layer on BaG-Bx surfaces can be improved. The presence of B also leads to enhanced degradation of BaGs in SBF. Accordingly, BAG-Bx can be used for bone regeneration, especially in children, because of its faster degradation as compared to B-free glass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Gharbi
- CEM Lab, National Engineering School of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
- LT2S Lab, Digital Research Centre of Sfax, Technopole of Sfax, P.O. Box 275, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | | | - Hafedh El Feki
- Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | | | - Xanthippi Chatzistavrou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Julietta V Rau
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Analytical, Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya 8, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jyrki Heinämäki
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Iulian Antoniac
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, SIM 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nabil Derbel
- CEM Lab, National Engineering School of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghilotti J, Fernández I, Sanz JL, Melo M, Llena C. Remineralization Potential of Three Restorative Glass Ionomer Cements: An In Vitro Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062434. [PMID: 36983434 PMCID: PMC10058008 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the remineralizing ability of three glass ionomers on demineralized dentin with different thicknesses and time periods. Fifty third molars were obtained and were sectioned into 1-, 2-, and 3-mm thick slices (n = 36 for each thickness). The specimens were demineralized with 18% EDTA for 2 h. From the glass ionomer cements (GICs) under study (Ketac Molar Aplicap, Equia Forte, or Riva Light Cure), 1 mm was placed over each slice, set, and preserved in PBS until observation after 1, 7, 14, and 28 days after placement. For each material, thickness, and time, three samples were prepared. Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), apatite formation was determined on the side opposite to that on which the material had been placed. By means of Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX), the changes in the Calcium/Phosphate (Ca/P) ratio were evaluated. These changes were compared between the different materials by means of a two-way ANOVA test, considering time and dentin thickness, for a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: FTIR showed a peak at 1420 cm-1, evidencing the presence of carbonated hydroxyapatite in all the materials after 14 days, which indicates that a remineralization process occurred. Riva Light Cure showed the most homogeneous results at all depths at 28 days. The Ca/P ratio was maximum at 7 days in 2 mm of dentin for Riva Light Cure and Equia Forte HT (3.16 and 3.07; respectively) and for Ketac Molar at 14 days in 1 mm (3.67). All materials induced remineralization. Equia Forte achieved the greatest effect at 2 mm and Ketac Molar at 1 mm, whereas Riva Light Cure showed similar results at all depths. In terms of Ca/P ratio, Equia Forte and Riva Light Cure remineralized best at 2 mm, whereas for Ketac Molar, it was 1 mm. Carbonate apatite formation was higher at 24 h and 7 days for Ketac Molar, whereas it decreased at 14 days for Ketac Molar and peaked in Riva Light Cure and Equia Forte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Ghilotti
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, Gascó Oliag 1, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Icíar Fernández
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, Gascó Oliag 1, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, Gascó Oliag 1, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Melo
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, Gascó Oliag 1, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Llena
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, Gascó Oliag 1, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Salha MS, Yada RY, Farrar DH, Chass GA, Tian KV, Bodo E. Aluminium catalysed oligomerisation in cement-forming silicate systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 25:455-461. [PMID: 36477563 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03918d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alumino-silicates form the backbone of structural materials including cements and the concrete they form. However, the nanoscale aspects of the oligomerisation mechanisms elongating the (alumino-)silicate chains is not fully clarified; the role of aluminium in particular. Herein, we explore and contrast the growth of silicate and alumino-silicate oligomers by both neutral and anionic mechanisms, with focus on the influence of Al on oligomer structure and stability. Further, the spontaneity of chain lengthening in the absence and presence of Al of differing coordination (Al-IV, V, VI) was characterised. Result trends showed Al-IV facilitating oligomerisation in neutral conditions, with respect to Si only systems, effectively promoting longer chain formation and stabilisation. The anionic pathway similarly showed Al reducing the overall energetic barriers to oligomerisation. In both conditions, Al's coordinative and structural flexibility, at O-Al-O hinge points in particular, was responsible for the lowering of the energetic expense for oligomerisation. The results and implications resolved herein are informative for chain formation and stability for bulk material properties of alumino-silicate materials such as cements, where the aluminosilicate systems are dominated by short chains of 2-5 units in length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Salha
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Rickey Y Yada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - David H Farrar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Gregory A Chass
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada.,School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Kun V Tian
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada.,Department of Chemical Science and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.
| | - Enrico Bodo
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Al-Hajri S, Bahamon D, Rahman MM, Haroun M, Vega LF. Adhesion and Cohesion of Silica Surfaces with Quartz Cement: A Molecular Simulations Study. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:22303-22316. [PMID: 35811878 PMCID: PMC9260938 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on developing an adhesive and cohesive molecular modeling approach to study the properties of silica surfaces and quartz cement interfaces. Atomic models were created based on reported silica surface configurations and quartz cement. For the first time, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to investigate the cohesion and adhesion properties by predicting the interaction energy and the adhesion pressure at the cement and silica surface interface. Results show that the adhesion pressure depends on the area density (per nm2) and degree of ionization, and van der Waals forces are the major contributor to the interactions between the cement and silica surfaces. Moreover, it is shown that adhesion pressure could be the actual rock failure mechanism in contrast to the reported literature which considers cohesion as the failure mechanism. The bonding energy factors for both "dry" and "wet" conditions were used to predict the water effect on the adhesion pressure at the cement-surface interface, revealing that H2O can cause a significant reduction in adhesion pressure. In addition, relating the adhesion pressure to the dimensionless area ratio of the cement to silica surfaces resulted in a good correlation that could be used to distribute the adhesion pressure in a rock system based on the area of interactions between the cement and the surface. This study shows that MD simulations can be used to understand the chemomechanics relationship fundamental of cement-surfaces of a reservoir rock at a molecular/atomic level and to predict the rock mechanical failure for sandstones, limestones, and shales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Al-Hajri
- Petroleum
Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Daniel Bahamon
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Research
and Innovation Center on CO2 and Hydrogen (RICH Center), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United
Arab Emirates
| | - Md Motiur Rahman
- Petroleum
Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Haroun
- Petroleum
Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lourdes F. Vega
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Research
and Innovation Center on CO2 and Hydrogen (RICH Center), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United
Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Antiosteoporotic Nanohydroxyapatite Zoledronate Scaffold Seeded with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Bone Regeneration: A 3D In Vitro Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115988. [PMID: 35682677 PMCID: PMC9180852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bisphosphonates are widely employed drugs for the treatment of pathologies with high bone resorption, such as osteoporosis, and display a great affinity for calcium ions and apatitic substrates. Here, we aimed to investigate the potentiality of zoledronate functionalized hydroxyapatite nanocrystals (HAZOL) to promote bone regeneration by stimulating adhesion, viability, metabolic activity and osteogenic commitment of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). Methods: we adopted an advanced three-dimensional (3D) in vitro fracture healing model to study porous scaffolds: hMSCs were seeded onto the scaffolds that, after three days, were cut in halves and unseeded scaffolds were placed between the two halves. Scaffold characterization by X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopy analyses and cell morphology, viability, osteogenic differentiation and extracellular matrix deposition were evaluated after 3, 7 and 10 days of culture. Results: Electron microscopy showed a porous and interconnected structure and a uniform cell layer spread onto scaffolds. Scaffolds were able to support cell growth and cells progressively colonized the whole inserts in absence of cytotoxic effects. Osteogenic commitment and gene expression of hMSCs were enhanced with higher expressions of ALPL, COL1A1, BGLAP, RUNX2 and Osterix genes. Conclusion: Although some limitations affect the present study (e.g., the lack of longer experimental times, of mechanical stimulus or pathological microenvironment), the obtained results with the adopted experimental setup suggested that zoledronate functionalized scaffolds (GHAZOL) might sustain not only cell proliferation, but positively influence osteogenic differentiation and activity if employed in bone fracture healing.
Collapse
|
7
|
Biomedical NiTi and β-Ti Alloys: From Composition, Microstructure and Thermo-Mechanics to Application. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive, bottoms-up characterization of two of the most widely used biomedical Ti-containing alloys, NiTi and β-Ti, was carried out applying a novel combination of neutron diffraction, neutron prompt-gamma activation, surface morphology, thermal analysis and mechanical tests, to relate composition, microstructure and physical-chemical-mechanical properties to unknown processing history. The commercial specimens studied are rectangular (0.43 × 0.64 mm~0.017 × 0.025 inch) wires, in both pre-formed U-shape and straight extended form. Practical performance was quantitatively linked to the influence of alloying elements, microstructure and thermo-mechanical processing. Results demonstrated that the microstructure and phase composition of β-Ti strongly depended on the composition, phase-stabilizing elements in particular, in that the 10.2 wt.% Mo content in Azdent resulted in 41.2% α phase, while Ormco with 11.6 wt.% Mo contained only β phase. Although the existence of α phase is probable in the meta-stable alloy, the α phase has never been quantified before. Further, the phase transformation behavior of NiTi directly arose from the microstructure, whilst being highly influenced by thermo-mechanical history. A strong correlation (r = 0.878) was established between phase transformation temperature and the force levels observed in bending test at body temperature, reconfirming that structure determines performance, while also being highly influenced by thermo-mechanical history. The novel methodology described is evidenced as generating a predictive profile of the eventual biomechanical properties and practical performance of the commercial materials. Overall, the work encompasses a reproducible and comprehensive approach expected to aid in future optimization and rational design of devices of metallic origin.
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang Q, Liang Z, Li J, Bai Y, He J, Lin Z. Size Dependence of Particulate Calcium Phosphate Fillers in Dental Resin Composites. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:35057-35066. [PMID: 34963987 PMCID: PMC8697599 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Resin composites that consist of polymeric resins and functional fillers are commonly used as restorative materials for dental caries. Various types of calcium phosphates (CaPs) are studied as remineralizing fillers in the formulation of dental resin composites, which are generally inhibitory to demineralization of teeth, but the performance of resin composites has not yet been investigated comprehensively with respect to the size of CaP particles. In this study, the same tricalcium phosphate (TCP) particles within two different size ranges, the as-received TCP particles (TCP) and those resulted from grinding (TCP-G), were tested to determine the size dependence of CaP fillers in dental resin composites. The buffering capability, mechanical properties, ion release, antibacterial performance, and remineralization effect of TCP/TCP-G-containing composites were experimentally characterized and compared against two other commercial dental materials. The integration of micrometer-sized TCP particles resulted in a similar buffering effect and Ca2+/PO4 3- release behaviors compared to the resin composite containing much smaller TCP-G particles. The flexural strength of the TCP-G resin composite was lower than that of the TCP composite after immersion in water for 30 days. However, the TCP-G composite facilitated crystal deposition toward better gap-closing performance at the dentin-composite interface. This study explored detailed insights about the size effect of CaP fillers, which is useful for the development of functional dental resin composites and their clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiting Huang
- Hospital
of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Zelin Liang
- Hospital
of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Junda Li
- Hospital
of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Guangdong
Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Biomaterials,
PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jingwei He
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, South
China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Zhengmei Lin
- Hospital
of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Composition-Nanostructure Steered Performance Predictions in Steel Wires. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9081119. [PMID: 31382607 PMCID: PMC6723625 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neutron scattering in combination with scanning electron and atomic force microscopy were employed to quantitatively resolve elemental composition, nano- through meso- to metallurgical structures and surface characteristics of two commercial stainless steel orthodontic archwires—G&H and Azdent. The obtained bulk composition confirmed that both samples are made of metastable austenitic stainless steel type AISI 304. The neutron technique’s higher detection sensitivity to alloying elements facilitated the quantitative determination of the composition factor (CF), and the pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) for predicting austenite stability and pitting-corrosion resistance, respectively. Simultaneous neutron diffraction analyses revealed that both samples contained additional martensite phase due to strain-induced martensite transformation. The unexpectedly high martensite content (46.20 vol%) in G&H was caused by combination of lower austenite stability (CF = 17.37, p = .03), excessive cold working and inadequate thermal treatment during material processing. Together, those results assist in revealing alloying recipes and processing history, and relating these with corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. The present methodology has allowed access to unprecedented length-scale (μm to sub-nm) resolution, accessing nano- through meso-scopic properties. It is envisaged that such an approach can be extended to the study and design of other metallic (bio)materials used in medical sciences, dentistry and beyond.
Collapse
|
10
|
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Hydroxyapatite Nanopores in Contact with Electrolyte Solutions: The Effect of Nanoconfinement and Solvated Ions on the Surface Reactivity and the Structural, Dynamical, and Vibrational Properties of Water. CRYSTALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst7020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|