1
|
Đorđević S, Solà M, Radenković S. Aromaticity of Singlet and Triplet Boron Disk-like Clusters: A Test for Electron Counting Aromaticity Rules. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10116-10125. [PMID: 35737864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Boron clusters are polyhedral boron-containing structures that have unique features and properties. The disk-like boron clusters are among the most fascinating boron cluster forms. These clusters have a molecular orbital (MO) distribution similar to the one derived from the simple particle-on-a-disk model. In this model, the MOs come in pairs except for m = 0. Disk-like boron clusters in their singlet ground state are aromatic when they reach a closed-shell structure. One could expect that disk-like aromatic boron clusters in the singlet state, when acquiring or releasing two electrons, may also be aromatic in the lowest-lying triplet state. We use magnetically induced current densities and bond current strengths to analyze the aromatic character of a series of disk-like boron clusters. Our results show that, with the exception of triplet 3B19-, the disk-like boron clusters follow Hückel and Baird's rules if one considers the different MOs grouped by their symmetry. We also found that if the lowest-lying triplet state in disk-like boron clusters is aromatic, this triplet state is the ground state for this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Slađana Đorđević
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, P.O. Box 60, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, Girona 17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Slavko Radenković
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, P.O. Box 60, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Duong LV, Tri NN, Hung NP, Nguyen MT. Boron Silicon B 2Si 3q and B 3Si 2p Clusters: The Smallest Aromatic Ribbons. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3101-3109. [PMID: 35548930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The small binary boron silicon clusters B2Si3q with q going from -2 to +2 and B3Si2p with p varying from -3 to +1 were reinvestigated using quantum chemical methods. The thermodynamic stability of these smallest ribbon structures is governed by both Hückel and ribbon models for aromaticity. The more negative the cluster charge, the more ribbon character is shown. In contrast, the more positive the charge state, the more pronounced the Hückel character becomes. The ribbon aromaticity character can also be classified into ribbon aromatic, semiaromatic, antiaromatic, and triplet aromatic when the electron configuration of a ribbon structure is described as [...π2(n+1)σ2n], [...π2n+1σ2n], [...π2nσ2n], and [...π2n+1σ2n-1], respectively. Geometry optimizations of the B2Si3 lowest-energy structure by some density functional theory (DFT) functionals result in a nonplanar shape because it possesses an antiaromatic ribbon character. However, its π aromaticity assigned by the Hückel rule is stronger in such a way that several other DFT and coupled-cluster theory CCSD(T) calculations show that B2Si3 is indeed stable in a planar form (Cs). A new global equilibrium structure for the anion B2Si32-, which is a ribbon semiaromatic species, was identified. Some benchmark tests were also carried out to evaluate the performance of popular methods for the treatment of binary B-Si clusters. At odds with some previous studies, we found that with reference to the high accuracy CCSD(T)/CBS method, the hybrid TPSSh functional is reliable for a structure search, whereas the hybrid B3LYP functional is more suitable for simulations of some experimental spectroscopic results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Van Duong
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences, Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.,Faculty of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Tri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quy Nhon University, Quy Nhon 55100, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Phi Hung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quy Nhon University, Quy Nhon 55100, Vietnam
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST), Quang Trung Software City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Đorđević S, Radenković S. Electronic structure, stability, and aromaticity of M 2B 6 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba): an interplay between spin pairing and electron delocalization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:5833-5841. [PMID: 35225998 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04791d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown in previous studies that the Be2B6 complex exhibits a triplet ground state with double aromaticity. In this work, the stability, electronic structure, and aromaticity of the homologous series M2B6 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) were examined and compared to those of Be2B6. At the CCSD(T)/def2-TZVP//B3LYP/def2-TZVP level of theory, the target molecules were found to be more stable in the singlet than in the triplet spin state. Magnetically induced current densities and multicentre delocalization index (MCI) were employed to assess the aromatic character of the studied complexes. Both employed methods agree that M2B6 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) are π aromatic and σ nonaromatic in the singlet ground state, and double aromatic in the triplet state. It was demonstrated that the electron counting rules of aromaticity cannot be used to correctly predict the aromaticity and relative stability of the examined molecules in different spin states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Slađana Đorđević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, P. O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Slavko Radenković
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, P. O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Radenković S, Đorđević S. Spatial and electronic structures of BeB8 and MgB8. How far the analogy goes? Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200070. [PMID: 35188320 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Doping of boron clusters with Be and its heavier alkaline-earth congener, Mg usually leads to complexes of different geometry and electronic structure. In this work we showed that both neutral BeB 8 and MgB 8 exhibit a singlet ground state umbrella-like form. In addition, the stability, electronic structure, and aromaticity of the target molecules were compared. The magnetically induced current densities showed that BeB 8 and MgB 8 are double aromatic systems: π and σ electrons induce strong diatropic currents. The current densities induced in the studied complexes are of very similar intensity, but with a different spatial distribution. The found differences between the current density patterns in BeB 8 and MgB 8 arise from the very nature of the bonding interactions between the M atom and B 8 fragment, as demonstrated through the energy decomposition analysis (EDA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Slavko Radenković
- University of Kragujevac: Univerzitet u Kragujevcu, Department of Chemistry, 12 Radoja Domanovića, P.O. Box 60, 34000, Kragujevac, SERBIA
| | - Slađana Đorđević
- University of Kragujevac: Univerzitet u Kragujevcu, Department of Chemistry, SERBIA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Buendia Zamudio F, Pham HT, Barquera-Lozada JE, Beltran MR, Nguyen MT. Formation of the quasi-planar B 56 boron cluster: topological path from B 12 and disk aromaticity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21822-21832. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02571j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Formation and stability of the B56 boron cluster were investigated using a topological approach and the disk aromaticity model. An extensive global energy minimum search for the B56 system which...
Collapse
|
6
|
Ariyarathna IR. Ground and Electronically Excited States of Main-Group-Metal-Doped B 20 Double Rings. J Phys Chem A 2021; 126:506-512. [PMID: 34939805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio coupled-cluster, electron propagator, and Møller-Plesset second-order perturbation theory calculations are utilized to analyze the low-lying electronic states of several metal-doped B20. In the ground state, the presently focused AB20/EB20 (A = Li, Na, and K; E = Mg and Ca) consist of charge-separated A+B20-/E2+B202- frameworks. The excited electronic states of AB20 and EB20+ were analyzed by computing the vertical electron attachment energies (VEAEs) of AB20+ and EB202+. In several excited states, the radical electron is predominantly localized on the B20 frames, which are counterparts of the low-lying states of bare B20-. A variety of basis sets were tested on obtaining VEAEs, and the aug-cc-pVDZ/A,E d-aug-cc-pVDZ/B combination provided the best accuracy-efficiency compromise on them. Furthermore, this work analyzes the Rydberg-like excited states of AB20 and EB20+ and will serve as a guide for future studies on similar metal-doped boron systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isuru R Ariyarathna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5312, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kulichenko M, Chen WJ, Zhang YY, Xu CQ, Li J, Wang LS. Double σ-Aromaticity in a Planar Zinc-Doped Gold Cluster: Au 9Zn . J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4606-4613. [PMID: 34014680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The strong relativistic effects result in many interesting chemical and physical properties for gold and gold compounds. One of the most surprising findings has been that small gold clusters prefer planar structures. Dopants can be used to tune the electronic and structural properties of gold nanoclusters. Here we report an experimental and theoretical investigation of a Zn-doped gold cluster, Au9Zn-. Photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that Au9Zn- is a highly stable electronic system with an electron binding energy of 4.27 eV. Quantum chemical studies show that the global minimum of Au9Zn- has a D3h structure with a closed-shell electron configuration (1A1'), which can be viewed as replacing the central Au atom by Zn in the open-shell parent Au10- cluster. The high electronic stability of Au9Zn- is corroborated by its extremely large HOMO-LUMO gap of 3.3 eV. Chemical bonding analyses revealed that the D3h Au9Zn- are bonded by two sets of delocalized σ bonds, giving rise to double σ aromaticity and its remarkable stability. Two planar low-lying isomers are also observed, corresponding to a similar triangular structure with the Zn atom on the edge and another one with one of the corner Au atoms moved to the edge of the triangle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Kulichenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Wei-Jia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Yang-Yang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Cong-Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Muya JT, Isamura BK, Patouossa I, Nguyen MT, Ceulemans A. Structure, stability and bonding of the leapfrog B 24 0 ,±1,±2. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:72-80. [PMID: 33063884 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Two new structural motifs of the B24 clusters are constructed by use of the leapfrog transformation. The resulting leapfrog B24 has either a bowl shape with a square vacancy or a quasi-planar 2D close-packed triangular boron sheet. The neutral and ionic forms of the latter are found to be more stable than their homologous leapfrog bowl clusters, with the exception of the dicationic B24 +2 . While the leapfrog isomer is less stable than the tubular double ring in the neutral state, it becomes competitive in some ionic states. The nucleus independent chemical shift, electron localization function, ring current maps and the electronic structure of leapfrog B24 clusters reveal them to behave as aromatics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jules Tshishimbi Muya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Research Center for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics in Central Africa, Faculty of Science, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bienfait Kabuyaya Isamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Research Center for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics in Central Africa, Faculty of Science, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Issofa Patouossa
- Research Center for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics in Central Africa, Faculty of Science, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Theoretical investigation on anti-sandwich beryllium-boron clusters Be2B (m = 1–3): Fluxionality and multi-aromaticity. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.112949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
10
|
Lobayan RM, Bochicchio RC, Pérez Del Valle C. Topological population analysis and pairing/unpairing electron distribution evolution: Atomic B3 + cluster bending mode, a case study. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 100:107696. [PMID: 32763795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Local and non-local topological treatment of electronic distributions are applied to a simple out of equilibrium case of an electron-deficient three-atom cluster, B3+. The bending movement is described in detail through the onset and disappearance of critical points defining two kinds of molecular structures, characterizing a transition state (TS) and predicting two stable equilibrium geometries. All points in this rich evolution and the structural change in the out of equilibrium conformations has been featured and distinguished by the behavior of the population magnitudes and of the paired and unpaired electron densities within the non-local and local points of view of the topological formalism. The unpaired or electron hole density appears as relevant in both versions, the non-local or integrated one, in which it is sometimes called free-valence and also for its complementary counterpart, the local one, to describe and to quantify the interatomic interactions. The stability of the cluster B3+ is characterized in terms of a topologically defined ring structure and the highest total two- and three-center populations, thus showing the role of the geometry, the covalence, and the complex patterns. Consideration of the electron correlation effects constitutes the basement of the results gathered, thus displaying their influence in the formation and breaking of boron bonding interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosana M Lobayan
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrimensura Universidad Nacional Del Nordeste, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina.
| | - Roberto C Bochicchio
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and IFIBA, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Pérez Del Valle
- Institut de Sciences de la Terre and Département de Chimie Moléculaire, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lu SJ. B 3Ge 12: a aromatic molecular sandwich-shaped structure with short B−B single bonds coordinated by a Ge 12 hexagonal prism and reinforced by σ + π double delocalised bonding patterns. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1676476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yu R, Barroso J, Wang MH, Liang WY, Chen C, Zarate X, Orozco-Ic M, Cui ZH, Merino G. Structure and bonding of molecular stirrers with formula B 7M 2- and B 8M 2 (M = Zn, Cd, Hg). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:12312-12320. [PMID: 32432637 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01603a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we systematically explored clusters with formula B7M2- and B8M2 (M = Zn, Cd, Hg). The putative global minima are formed by an M2 dimer and a disk-shaped boron wheel. Moreover, the chemical bonding analysis revealed that charge transfer from the metal atoms to the boron motifs resulted in (B7)3-(M2)2+ and (B8)2-(M2)2+ complexes with double (σ + π) aromatic boron wheels and a single bond for the metallic dimer. Above all, the computed rotational barriers of the M-M fragment with respect to the boron disk and molecular dynamics simulations indicate a virtually barrierless spin, resembling a magnetic stirrer on a baseplate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Đorđević S, Radenković S. Singlet and triplet states of the sandwich-type Be 2B 6 and Be 2B 7+ clusters. A test for the electron counting rules of aromaticity. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04643d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The studied complexes exhibit double aromaticity in their triplet states in line with the predictions of Hückel and Baird's rules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Slađana Đorđević
- University of Kragujevac
- Faculty of Science
- 34000 Kragujevac
- Serbia
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tan Pham H, Nguyen MT. Formation of the M 2B 18q Teetotum Boron Clusters with 4d and 5d Transition Metals M = Rh, Pd, Ir, and Pt. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:8170-8178. [PMID: 31483672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present theoretical study using DFT computations, we successfully designed a series of boron clusters possessing a teetotum shape stabilized upon metal doping. The resulting M2B18 teetotum geometry emerges as a general structural motif for the B18 boron cluster doped by either two 4d and 5d transition metal atoms. Doping of two different metal atoms also conserves the teetotum motif such as in the mixed RhPdB18+ and IrPtB18+ clusters. A bonding analysis points out that each dimeric metal unit enjoys several stabilizing orbital interactions with an idealized B18 tubular moiety and thereby establish a bimetallic configuration of [σ(σ5s-B18)]2 [π(π4d-B18)]4 [σ(σ4d-B18)]2 [δ(δ4d-B18)]4 [σ*(σ4d-B18)]2 [π*4d]4 [σ(σ*4d-B18)]2 [δ*4d]4 for 4d metals and of [σ(σ6s-B18)]2 [π(π5d-B18)]4 [σ(σ5d-B18)]2 [δ(δ5d-B18)]4 [σ*(σ5d-B18)]2 [π*5d]4 [σ(σ*5d-B18)]2 [δ*5d]4 for 5d metal atoms for 24 electrons. All the M2B18q teetotum structures considered behave as aromatic compounds whose character is indicated by the strongly diatropic current density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Tan Pham
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST) , 700000 Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam.,Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Computational Chemistry Research Group , Ton Duc Thang University , 700000 Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam.,Faculty of Applied Sciences , Ton Duc Thang University , 700000 Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Himmel H. Electron‐Deficient Triborane and Tetraborane Ring Compounds: Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11600-11617. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Himmel H. Elektronen‐defizitäre Triboran‐ und Tetraboran‐Ringverbindungen: Synthese, Struktur und Bindung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
B3Si12: A hexagonal prism with three short B B single bonds at the center coordinated by a Si12 cage and reinforced by aromaticity. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
18
|
Pham HT, Muya JT, Buendía F, Ceulemans A, Nguyen MT. Formation of the quasi-planar B 50 boron cluster: topological path from B 10 and disk aromaticity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:7039-7044. [PMID: 30874278 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00735k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The lowest-lying isomer of the B50 boron cluster is confirmed to have a quasi-planar shape with two hexagonal holes. By applying a topological (leap-frog) dual operation followed by boron capping, we demonstrated that such a quasi-planar structure actually comes from the smallest elongated B102-, and its high thermodynamic stability is due to its inherent disk aromaticity arising from its 32 valent π electrons that fully occupy a disk configuration of [(1σ)2(1π)4(1δ)4(2σ)2(1φ)4(2π)4(1γ)4(2δ)4(1η)4]. The aromatic character of the quasi-planar B50 is further supported by a strong diatropic magnetic current flow. The sudden appearance of a quasi-planar B50 again points out that the growth pattern of pure boron clusters is still far from being completely understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Tan Pham
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Geometry and bonding of small binary boron-aluminum clusters BnAln (n = 1–7): Electron donation and interlocking aromaticity. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
20
|
Đorđević S, Radenković S. Magnetically induced current density in triple-layered beryllium–boron clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:7105-7114. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00541b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Magnetically induced current densities reveal the double aromatic character of the examined Be–B clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Slađana Đorđević
- Faculty of Science
- University of Kragujevac
- 34000 Kragujevac
- Serbia
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pham-Ho MP, Tan Pham H, Nguyen MT. Boron Teetotum: Metallic [Ti(B 6C xN y)] q and Bimetallic [Ti 2(B 6C xN y)] q Nine-Membered Heterocycles with x + y = 3 and -1 ≤ q ≤ 3. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6196-6205. [PMID: 29965766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the geometry, stability, and aromaticity of a series of singly and doubly titanium-doped boron clusters. Ti dopants bring in planar cyclic form with a nine-membered boron ring B9- and B93- and C and N isoelectronic derivatives where perfectly planar B6N3, B6CN2, B6C2N, and B6C3 heterorings are coordinated with one and two Ti atoms. The presence of both C and N atoms induces bimetallic heterocycles while Ti2B9q clusters are not stable in cyclic form. Doubly Ti doped clusters have the shape of a teetotum toy. High thermodynamic stability of these bimetallic boron heterocycles, that are global equilibrium structures of corresponding systems, can be understood as the result of a stabilizing overlap between bonding and antibonding MOs of Ti2 with different eigenstates of B6C xN y cycles. Both C and N elements, which are more electronegative than the B atom, also enjoy the formation of planar nine-membered ring via classical 2c-2e bonding, rather than occupancy of high coordination position. A double aromaticity feature which comprises both σ and π aromaticity is supported by magnetic responses of electron density within a planar cycle. Such an aromatic character is also in line with the classical electron count for both sets of delocalized σ and π electron systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- My-Phuong Pham-Ho
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering , Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology , Ho Chi Minh City 700000 , Vietnam
| | - Hung Tan Pham
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology , Ho Chi Minh City 700000 , Vietnam
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Computational Chemistry Research Group , Ton Duc Thang University , Ho Chi Minh City 700000 , Vietnam.,Faculty of Applied Sciences , Ton Duc Thang University , Ho Chi Minh City 700000 , Vietnam.,Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pham HT, Dang TTM, Van Duong L, Tam NM, Nguyen MT. B 3@Si 12+: strong stabilizing effects of a triatomic cyclic boron unit on tubular silicon clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7588-7592. [PMID: 29493696 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00380g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Remarkably strong effects of the aromatic B3 cycle in stabilizing tubular silicon clusters were observed for the first time. The doped cluster B3@Si12+ presents a novel structural motif for silicon clusters in which a B3 cycle is encapsulated into a (6 × 2) Si12 prism giving rise to a high symmetry stable tubular structure (D3h). A large amount of electron density is transferred to the boron cycle, and the B3δ- unit not only retains a delocalized bonding pattern within the Si12 prism but also enables a two-fold aromaticity for the resulting silicon double ring. This double ring can be used as a building block to make longer nanotubes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Tan Pham
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pham HT, Nguyen MT. Aromaticity of Some Metal Clusters: A Different View from Magnetic Ring Current. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:1378-1391. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Tan Pham
- Computational
Chemistry Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000 Vietnam
- Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000 Vietnam
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Computational
Chemistry Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000 Vietnam
- Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000 Vietnam
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pham HT, Nguyen MT. Formation of a bi-rhodium boron tube Rh2B18 and its great CO2 capture ability. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:26072-26082. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03584a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The geometries, bonding and abilities for CO2 capture of the doubly rhodium-doped boron cluster Rh2B18 are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Tan Pham
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST)
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Computational Chemistry Research Group
- Ton Duc Thang University
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lu QL, Luo QQ, Li YD, Huang SG. Planarization of B 20 clusters by Si and C atom substitution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:28434-28438. [PMID: 29038810 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05610a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An optimization strategy combining a global semi-empirical quantum mechanical search and all-electron density functional theory was adopted to determine the lowest energy structures of B19Si and B19C clusters. The planarization of a B20 cluster by Si and C atom substitution was observed. The structural transition was from the double-ring tubular B20 to an almost perfect planar B19Si and a quasi-planar bowl B19C. B19Si possessed a geometry with a central B atom surrounded by a six-membered ring and a 13-atom outer ring. B19C adopted a geometry with a B5C six-membered hole. Both Si and C atoms occupied peripheral positions. The observed planarization may be attributed to sp2 hybridization, changes in the peripheral bonding, and structural mechanics. Some properties, including the HOMO-LUMO gaps, on-site charge on Si and C atoms, and deformed charge distribution, were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liang Lu
- School of Physics and Material Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pham HT, Ngo LQ, Pham-Ho MP, Nguyen MT. Theoretical Study of Small Scandium-Doped Silver Clusters ScAgn with n = 1–7: σ-Aromatic Feature. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7964-7972. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Tan Pham
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Loc Quang Ngo
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - My Phuong Pham-Ho
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|