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Jaiswal MK, Tiwari VK. Growing Impact of Intramolecular Click Chemistry in Organic Synthesis. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300167. [PMID: 37522634 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Click Chemistry, a modular, rapid, and one of the most reliable tool for the regioselective 1,2,3-triazole forming [3+2] reaction of organic azide and terimal alkyne is widely explored in various emerging domains of research ranging from chemical biology to catalysis and medicinal chemistry to material science. This regioselective reaction from a diverse range of azido-alkyne scaffolds has been well performed in both intermolecular as well as intramolecular fashions. In comparison to the intermolecular metal (Cu/Ru/Ni) variant of 'Click Chemistry', the intramolecular click tool is little addressed. The intramolecular click chemistry is exemplified as a mordern tool of cyclization which involves metal-catalyzed (CuAAC/RuAAC) cyclization, organo-catalyzed cyclization, and thermal-induced topochemical reaction. Thus, we report herein the recent approaches on intramolecular azide-alkyne cycloaddition 'Click Chemistry' with their wide-spread emerging applications in the developement of a diverse range of molecules including fused-heterocycles, well-defined peptidomemics, and macrocyclic architectures of various notable features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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2
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Bennett JJ, Murphy PV. Flow chemistry based catalytic hydrogenation for improving the synthesis of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) from an l-sorbose derived precursor. Carbohydr Res 2023; 529:108845. [PMID: 37210941 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
1-Deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) is a glycoprocessing inhibitor, and it serves as a synthetic precursor to two of three currently marketed iminosugar drugs, miglustat (N-butyl DNJ/Zavesca®) and miglitol (Glyset®). Herein a continuous flow procedure is presented that shortens a synthesis of 1-DNJ from an intermediate prepared from l-sorbose. Batch reactions involving an azide reduction, subsequent reductive amination-based cyclisation, and O-benzyl deprotection in a previous report required two steps and the use of an acid. Here, this sequence is achieved in one step using the H-Cube® MiniPlus continuous flow reactor. Subsequent reductive amination of 1-DNJ with butanal using the H-Cube® gave NB-DNJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J Bennett
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Paul V Murphy
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, SSPC - The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
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3
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Alcalde S, Porcar R, De La Puente ML, Cumming GR, Mateos C, García-Losada P, Anta C, Rincón JA, García-Verdugo E. Continuous-Flow Supercritical CO 2 Platform for In-Situ Synthesis and Purification of Small Molecules for Drug Discovery. Org Process Res Dev 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Alcalde
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Grupo de Química Sostenible y Supramolecular, Universidad Jaume I, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Raúl Porcar
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Grupo de Química Sostenible y Supramolecular, Universidad Jaume I, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, E-28040 Avda. Esparta s/n, Las Rozas, 28232 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luz De La Puente
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Graham R. Cumming
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Carlos Mateos
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Losada
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Cristina Anta
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Juan A. Rincón
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Verdugo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Grupo de Química Sostenible y Supramolecular, Universidad Jaume I, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
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4
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Kwon YJ, Lee SG, Kim WS. Continuous Flow Synthesis of N-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles for Tandem Relay Cu/Rh Dual Catalysis. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1200-1214. [PMID: 36598492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The continuous flow synthesis of N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles, which are convenient reactive azavinyl carbene precursors, for tandem relay Cu/Rh dual catalysis has been developed. Most reactions readily proceeded at 75 °C in a short residence time of 13.09 min in the presence of 2.5 mol % of CuTC. The scope of the reactions was explored by synthesizing diversely functionalized N-sulfonyl and sulfamoyl triazoles in yields ranging from 92 to 98%. To demonstrate the scalability of the process, the reaction was conducted on a 5.4 mmol scale with residence and collection times of 13.09 and 60 min, respectively. Furthermore, a series of controlled experiments were performed to investigate the compatibility of Cu and Rh in a batch or a continuous flow system. Finally, the first integrated flow system using the azavinyl carbene intermediate under the tandem relay Cu/Rh dual catalysis was developed for the synthesis of various cis-diamino enones from alkynes and sulfonyl azides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ju Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, South Korea
| | - Sang-Gi Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, South Korea
| | - Won-Suk Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, South Korea
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5
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García-Lacuna J, Baumann M. Inline purification in continuous flow synthesis – opportunities and challenges. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous flow technology has become the method of choice for many academic and industrial researchers when developing new routes to chemical compounds of interest. With this technology maturing over the last decades, robust and oftentimes automated processes are now commonly exploited to generate fine chemical building blocks. The integration of effective inline analysis and purification tools is thereby frequently exploited to achieve effective and reliable flow processes. This perspective article summarizes recent applications of different inline purification techniques such as chromatography, extractions, and crystallization from academic and industrial laboratories. A discussion of the advantages and drawbacks of these tools is provided as a guide to aid researchers in selecting the most appropriate approach for future applications. It is hoped that this perspective contributes to new developments in this field in the context of process and cost efficiency, sustainability and industrial uptake of new flow chemistry tools developed in academia.
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Kuhwald C, Türkhan S, Kirschning A. Inductive heating and flow chemistry – a perfect synergy of emerging enabling technologies. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:688-706. [PMID: 35821695 PMCID: PMC9235909 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inductive heating has developed into a powerful and rapid indirect heating technique used in various fields of chemistry, but also in medicine. Traditionally, inductive heating is used in industry, e.g., for heating large metallic objects including bending, bonding, and welding pipes. In addition, inductive heating has emerged as a partner for flow chemistry, both of which are enabling technologies for organic synthesis. This report reviews the combination of flow chemistry and inductive heating in industrial settings as well as academic research and demonstrates that the two technologies ideally complement each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad Kuhwald
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sibel Türkhan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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Brandão P, Pineiro M, M.V.D. Pinho e Melo T. Flow Chemistry: Sequential Flow Processes for the Synthesis of Heterocycles. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527832002.ch11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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8
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Agrahari AK, Bose P, Jaiswal MK, Rajkhowa S, Singh AS, Hotha S, Mishra N, Tiwari VK. Cu(I)-Catalyzed Click Chemistry in Glycoscience and Their Diverse Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7638-7956. [PMID: 34165284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between organic azides and terminal alkynes, commonly known as CuAAC or click chemistry, has been identified as one of the most successful, versatile, reliable, and modular strategies for the rapid and regioselective construction of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as diversely functionalized molecules. Carbohydrates, an integral part of living cells, have several fascinating features, including their structural diversity, biocompatibility, bioavailability, hydrophilicity, and superior ADME properties with minimal toxicity, which support increased demand to explore them as versatile scaffolds for easy access to diverse glycohybrids and well-defined glycoconjugates for complete chemical, biochemical, and pharmacological investigations. This review highlights the successful development of CuAAC or click chemistry in emerging areas of glycoscience, including the synthesis of triazole appended carbohydrate-containing molecular architectures (mainly glycohybrids, glycoconjugates, glycopolymers, glycopeptides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycoclusters, and glycodendrimers through regioselective triazole forming modular and bio-orthogonal coupling protocols). It discusses the widespread applications of these glycoproducts as enzyme inhibitors in drug discovery and development, sensing, gelation, chelation, glycosylation, and catalysis. This review also covers the impact of click chemistry and provides future perspectives on its role in various emerging disciplines of science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand K Agrahari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Priyanka Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Manoj K Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Sanchayita Rajkhowa
- Department of Chemistry, Jorhat Institute of Science and Technology (JIST), Jorhat, Assam 785010, India
| | - Anoop S Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science and Engineering Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra 411021, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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Gambacorta G, Sharley JS, Baxendale IR. A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1181-1312. [PMID: 34136010 PMCID: PMC8182698 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their intrinsic physical properties, which includes being able to perform as volatile liquids at room and biological temperatures, fragrance ingredients/intermediates make ideal candidates for continuous-flow manufacturing. This review highlights the potential crossover between a multibillion dollar industry and the flourishing sub-field of flow chemistry evolving within the discipline of organic synthesis. This is illustrated through selected examples of industrially important transformations specific to the fragrances and flavours industry and by highlighting the advantages of conducting these transformations by using a flow approach. This review is designed to be a compendium of techniques and apparatus already published in the chemical and engineering literature which would constitute a known solution or inspiration for commonly encountered procedures in the manufacture of fragrance and flavour chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gambacorta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - James S Sharley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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Mészáros R, Márton A, Szabados M, Varga G, Kónya Z, Kukovecz Á, Fülöp F, Pálinkó I, Ötvös SB. Exploiting a silver–bismuth hybrid material as heterogeneous noble metal catalyst for decarboxylations and decarboxylative deuterations of carboxylic acids under batch and continuous flow conditions. GREEN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1gc00924a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A silver-containing hybrid material is reported as a heterogeneous noble metal catalyst for protodecarboxylations and decarboxylative deuterations of carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Mészáros
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- H-6720 Hungary
| | - András Márton
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- H-6720 Hungary
| | - Márton Szabados
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- H-6720 Hungary
- Material and Solution Structure Research Group and Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre
| | - Gábor Varga
- Material and Solution Structure Research Group and Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- H-6720 Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- H-6720 Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group
| | - Ákos Kukovecz
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- H-6720 Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- H-6720 Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group
| | - István Pálinkó
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- H-6720 Hungary
- Material and Solution Structure Research Group and Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre
| | - Sándor B. Ötvös
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Szeged
- H-6720 Hungary
- Institute of Chemistry
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11
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A mineralogically-inspired silver–bismuth hybrid material: Structure, stability and application for catalytic benzyl alcohol dehydrogenations under continuous flow conditions. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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García-Lacuna J, Domínguez G, Pérez-Castells J. Flow Chemistry for Cycloaddition Reactions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5138-5163. [PMID: 32662578 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Continuous flow reactors form part of a rapidly growing research area that has changed the way synthetic chemistry is performed not only in academia but also at the industrial level. This Review highlights the most recent advances in cycloaddition reactions performed in flow systems. Cycloadditions are atom-efficient transformations for the synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles, involved in the construction of challenging skeletons of complex molecules. The main advantages of translating these processes into flow include using intensified conditions, safer handling of hazardous reagents and gases, easy tuning of reaction conditions, and straightforward scaling up. These benefits are especially important in cycloadditions such as the copper(I)-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), Diels-Alder reaction, ozonolysis and [2+2] photocycloadditions. Some of these transformations are key reactions in the industrial synthesis of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García-Lacuna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Castells
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Sampath S, Vadivelu M, Ravindran R, Perumal PT, Velkannan V, Karthikeyan K. Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazole Tethered 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles: Promising Corrosion Inhibitors for Steel in Acidic Medium and Their Anti‐Microbial Evaluation. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sugirdha Sampath
- Department of ChemistryB. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology Vandalur Chennai 600048 India
- Department of Metallurgical & Materials EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036 India
| | - Murugan Vadivelu
- Department of ChemistryB. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology Vandalur Chennai 600048 India
| | - Radhika Ravindran
- Department of BiotechnologyIndian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036 India
| | - Paramasivan T. Perumal
- Department of ChemistryB. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology Vandalur Chennai 600048 India
| | | | - Kesavan Karthikeyan
- Department of ChemistryB. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology Vandalur Chennai 600048 India
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14
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Brandão P, Pineiro M, Pinho e Melo TMVD. Flow Chemistry: Towards A More Sustainable Heterocyclic Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Brandão
- CQC and Department of Chemistry; University of Coimbra; 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
- Centro de Química de Évora; Institute for Research and Advanced Studies; University of Évora; 7000 Évora Portugal
| | - Marta Pineiro
- CQC and Department of Chemistry; University of Coimbra; 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
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15
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Georgiádes Á, Ötvös SB, Fülöp F. Controlled Transformations of Aryl Halides in a Flow System: Selective Synthesis of Aryl Azides and Aniline Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Georgiádes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6, H- 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Sándor B. Ötvös
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6, H- 6720 Szeged Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Eötvös u. 6, H- 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6, H- 6720 Szeged Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Eötvös u. 6, H- 6720 Szeged Hungary
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16
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Giroud M, Kuhn B, Saint-Auret S, Kuratli C, Martin RE, Schuler F, Diederich F, Kaiser M, Brun R, Schirmeister T, Haap W. 2H-1,2,3-Triazole-Based Dipeptidyl Nitriles: Potent, Selective, and Trypanocidal Rhodesain Inhibitors by Structure-Based Design. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3370-3388. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maude Giroud
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Kuhn
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Saint-Auret
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kuratli
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer E. Martin
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franz Schuler
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - François Diederich
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reto Brun
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Haap
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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17
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Tireli M, Maračić S, Lukin S, Kulcsár MJ, Žilić D, Cetina M, Halasz I, Raić-Malić S, Užarević K. Solvent-free copper-catalyzed click chemistry for the synthesis of N-heterocyclic hybrids based on quinoline and 1,2,3-triazole. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2352-2363. [PMID: 29181115 PMCID: PMC5687011 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed mechanochemical click reactions using Cu(II), Cu(I) and Cu(0) catalysts have been successfully implemented to provide novel 6-phenyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolines with a phenyl-1,2,3-triazole moiety at O-4 of the quinoline core. Milling procedures proved to be significantly more efficient than the corresponding solution reactions, with up to a 15-fold gain in yield. Efficiency of both solution and milling procedures depended on the p-substituent in the azide reactant, resulting in H < Cl < Br < I reactivity bias. Solid-state catalysis using Cu(II) and Cu(I) catalysts entailed the direct involvement of the copper species in the reaction and generation of highly luminescent compounds which hindered in situ monitoring by Raman spectroscopy. However, in situ monitoring of the milling processes was enabled by using Cu(0) catalysts in the form of brass milling media which offered a direct insight into the reaction pathway of mechanochemical CuAAC reactions, indicating that the catalysis is most likely conducted on the surface of milling balls. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy was used to determine the oxidation and spin states of the respective copper catalysts in bulk products obtained by milling procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Tireli
- Laboratory for Green Synthesis, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silvija Maračić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stipe Lukin
- Laboratory for Green Synthesis, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Juribašić Kulcsár
- Laboratory for Green Synthesis, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dijana Žilić
- Laboratory for Green Synthesis, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Cetina
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Textile Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Laboratory for Green Synthesis, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krunoslav Užarević
- Laboratory for Green Synthesis, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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18
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Karlsson S, Cook C, Emtenäs H, Fan K, Gillespie P, Mohamed M. Development of a Safe Continuous Manufacturing Route to 2-(4-Isopropyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetic Acid. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Staffan Karlsson
- Innovative Medicines, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Early Chemical Development, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, SE-431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Calum Cook
- Innovative Medicines, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Early Chemical Development, AstraZeneca R&D Macclesfield, Macclesfield SK10 2NX, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Emtenäs
- Innovative Medicines, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Early Chemical Development, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, SE-431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kenny Fan
- Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca R&D Macclesfield, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Gillespie
- Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca R&D Macclesfield, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Mubina Mohamed
- Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca R&D Macclesfield, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
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19
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Li D, Liu L, Tian Y, Ai Y, Tang Z, Sun HB, Zhang G. A flow strategy for the rapid, safe and scalable synthesis of N-H 1, 2, 3-triazoles via acetic acid mediated cycloaddition between nitroalkene and NaN3. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Jiang Y, Li X, Li X, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Jia S, Guo N, Xu G, Zhang W. Copper(II) Acetylacetonate: An Efficient Catalyst for Huisgen-Click Reaction for Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazoles in Water. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201700007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Jiang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Xingfeng Li
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Xiyong Li
- Weihai Ocean Vocational College; Weihai Shandong 264300 China
| | - Yamin Sun
- Weihai Ocean Vocational College; Weihai Shandong 264300 China
| | - Yaru Zhao
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Shuhong Jia
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Niu Guo
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Guiqing Xu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
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21
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Plutschack MB, Pieber B, Gilmore K, Seeberger PH. The Hitchhiker's Guide to Flow Chemistry ∥. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11796-11893. [PMID: 28570059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1020] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Flow chemistry involves the use of channels or tubing to conduct a reaction in a continuous stream rather than in a flask. Flow equipment provides chemists with unique control over reaction parameters enhancing reactivity or in some cases enabling new reactions. This relatively young technology has received a remarkable amount of attention in the past decade with many reports on what can be done in flow. Until recently, however, the question, "Should we do this in flow?" has merely been an afterthought. This review introduces readers to the basic principles and fundamentals of flow chemistry and critically discusses recent flow chemistry accounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Plutschack
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kerry Gilmore
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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22
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Ötvös SB, Georgiádes Á, Mészáros R, Kis K, Pálinkó I, Fülöp F. Continuous-flow oxidative homocouplings without auxiliary substances: Exploiting a solid base catalyst. J Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Potential solvents in coupling reactions catalyzed by Cu(II)Fe(III)-layered double hydroxide in a continuous-flow reactor. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-016-1133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Bhagat UK, Kamaluddin, Peddinti RK. DABCO-mediated aza-Michael addition of 4-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles to cycloalkenones. Regioselective synthesis of disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.11.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Meščić A, Šalić A, Gregorić T, Zelić B, Raić-Malić S. Continuous flow-ultrasonic synergy in click reactions for the synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazolyl appended 4,5-unsaturated l-ascorbic acid derivatives. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25244c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A combination of flow chemistry and batch-based synthetic procedures has been successfully applied to the assembly of novel 4,5-unsaturated l-ascorbic acid series 6a–6n with diverse C-6-substituted 1,2,3-triazole moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrijana Meščić
- University of Zagreb
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Anita Šalić
- University of Zagreb
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Department of Reaction Engineering and Catalysis
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Tomislav Gregorić
- University of Zagreb
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Bruno Zelić
- University of Zagreb
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Department of Reaction Engineering and Catalysis
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- University of Zagreb
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
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26
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Mandoli A. Recent Advances in Recoverable Systems for the Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction (CuAAC). Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091174. [PMID: 27607998 PMCID: PMC6273594 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The explosively-growing applications of the Cu-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between organic azides and alkynes (CuAAC) have stimulated an impressive number of reports, in the last years, focusing on recoverable variants of the homogeneous or quasi-homogeneous catalysts. Recent advances in the field are reviewed, with particular emphasis on systems immobilized onto polymeric organic or inorganic supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mandoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56124, Italy.
- ISTM-CNR, Via C. Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy.
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27
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Mándity IM, Ötvös SB, Szőlősi G, Fülöp F. Harnessing the Versatility of Continuous-Flow Processes: Selective and Efficient Reactions. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1018-33. [PMID: 26997251 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a great need for effective transformations and a broad range of novel chemical entities. Continuous-flow (CF) approaches are of considerable current interest: highly efficient and selective reactions can be performed in CF reactors. The reaction setup of CF reactors offers a wide variety of possible points where versatility can be introduced. This article presents a number of selective and highly efficient gas-liquid-solid and liquid-solid reactions involving a range of reagents and immobilized catalysts. Enantioselective transformations through catalytic hydrogenation and organocatalytic reactions are included, and isotopically labelled compounds and pharmaceutically relevant 1,2,3-triazoles are synthesized in CF reactors. Importantly, the catalyst bed can be changed to a solid-phase peptide synthesis resin, with which peptide synthesis can be performed with the utilization of only 1.5 equivalents of the amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- István M Mándity
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - Sándor B Ötvös
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - György Szőlősi
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
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28
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Ötvös SB, Hsieh CT, Wu YC, Li JH, Chang FR, Fülöp F. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Deuterium-Labeled Antidiabetic Chalcones: Studies towards the Selective Deuteration of the Alkynone Core. Molecules 2016; 21:318. [PMID: 26959006 PMCID: PMC6273355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Flow chemistry-based syntheses of deuterium-labeled analogs of important antidiabetic chalcones were achieved via highly controlled partial C≡C bond deuteration of the corresponding 1,3-diphenylalkynones. The benefits of a scalable continuous process in combination with on-demand electrolytic D2 gas generation were exploited to suppress undesired over-reactions and to maximize reaction rates simultaneously. The novel deuterium-containing chalcone derivatives may have interesting biological effects and improved metabolic properties as compared with the parent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor B Ötvös
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Chi-Ting Hsieh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Jih-Heng Li
- Ph.D. Program in Toxicology and School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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29
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González-Olvera R, Urquiza-Castro CI, Negrón-Silva GE, Ángeles-Beltrán D, Lomas-Romero L, Gutiérrez-Carrillo A, Lara VH, Santillan R, Morales-Serna JA. Cu–Al mixed oxide catalysts for azide–alkyne 1,3-cycloaddition in ethanol–water. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10097j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cu(Al)O mixed oxide promotes the formation of 1,2,3-triazoles from an alkyne–azide cycloaddition reaction with excellent yields using an EtOH–H2O mixture as the solvent under microwave heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. González-Olvera
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - C. I. Urquiza-Castro
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - G. E. Negrón-Silva
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - D. Ángeles-Beltrán
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - L. Lomas-Romero
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - A. Gutiérrez-Carrillo
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - V. H. Lara
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - R. Santillan
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - J. A. Morales-Serna
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
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30
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Cantillo D, Gutmann B, Oliver Kappe C. Safe generation and use of bromine azide under continuous flow conditions--selective 1,2-bromoazidation of olefins. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 14:853-7. [PMID: 26648268 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02425k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bromine azide (BrN3), a useful but extremely toxic and explosive reagent for the preparation of vicinal 1,2-bromine azide compounds, was safely generated and reacted in situ with alkenes in a continuous flow photoreactor. BrN3 was generated by a novel procedure from NaBr and NaN3 in water, and efficiently extracted into an organic phase containing the alkene thus avoiding decomposition. The resulting addition products have been used for the preparation of several useful building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cantillo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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31
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Serrano E, Juan A, García-Montero A, Soler T, Jiménez-Márquez F, Cativiela C, Gomez MV, Urriolabeitia EP. Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,3-Diaminotruxillic Acid Derivatives: An Advantageous Combination of C-H-ortho-Palladation and On-Flow [2+2]-Photocycloaddition in Microreactors. Chemistry 2015; 22:144-52. [PMID: 26597315 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of ε-isomers of dimethyl esters of 1,3-diaminotruxillic acid in three steps is reported. The first step is the ortho-palladation of (Z)-2-aryl-4-aryliden-5(4H)-oxazolones 1 to give dinuclear complexes 2 with bridging carboxylates. The reaction occurs through regioselective activation of the ortho-CH bond of the 4-arylidene ring in carboxylic acids. The second step is the [2+2]-photocycloaddition of the CC exocyclic bonds of the oxazolone skeleton in 2 to afford the corresponding dinuclear ortho-palladated cyclobutanes 3. This key step was performed very efficiently by using LED light sources with different wavelengths (465, 525 or 625 nm) in flow microreactors. The final step involved the depalladation of 3 by hydrogenation in methanol to afford the ε-1,3-diaminotruxillic acid derivatives as single isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Serrano
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Academia General Militar, 50090 Zaragoza (Spain)
| | - Alberto Juan
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real (Spain)
| | - Angel García-Montero
- Instituto de Síntesis QuímicayCatálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Fac. Ciencias, Edificio D, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain)
| | - Tatiana Soler
- Servicios Centrales Investigación, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante (Spain)
| | - Francisco Jiménez-Márquez
- E.T.S. Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real (Spain)
| | - Carlos Cativiela
- Instituto de Síntesis QuímicayCatálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Fac. Ciencias, Edificio D, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain).
| | - M Victoria Gomez
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real (Spain).
| | - Esteban P Urriolabeitia
- Instituto de Síntesis QuímicayCatálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Fac. Ciencias, Edificio D, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain).
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