1
|
Mahapatra D, Sau A, Ghosh T, Roy A, Kundu S. Co(II)-Catalyzed Additive-Free Transfer Hydrogenation of N-Heteroarenes at Room Temperature. Org Lett 2024; 26:6001-6005. [PMID: 38976355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Traditional catalyst development relies on multistep synthesis and isolation of ligand and precatalyst. Designing a catalytic system that can be assembled in situ from easily accessible starting materials can decrease the reaction complexity and enhance the synthetic utility. Herein, we report an inexpensive and commercially available CoBr2·H2O/terpyridine-catalyzed effective and straightforward transfer hydrogenation (TH) protocol for N-heteroarenes, utilizing NH3·BH3 (AB) under ambient conditions. Synthesis of diverse substrates and bioactive molecules demonstrated a practical applicability. Control experiments and DFT studies elucidate the mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Anirban Sau
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Tanmoy Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Arkamitra Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Sabuj Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reuter MB, Seth DM, Javier-Jiménez DR, Finfer EJ, Beretta EA, Waterman R. Recent advances in catalytic pnictogen bond forming reactions via dehydrocoupling and hydrofunctionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1258-1273. [PMID: 36648191 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06143k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An examination of several catalytic reactions among the group 15 elements is presented. The connections between the chemistry of the pnictogens can sometimes be challenging, but aspects of metal-pnictogen reactivity are the key. The connecting reactivity comes from metal-catalyzed transformations such as dehydrocoupling and hydrofunctionalization. Pivotal mechanistic insights from E-N heterodehydrocoupling have informed the development of highly active catalysts for these reactions. Metal-amido nucleophilicity is often at the core of this reactivity, which diverges from phosphine and arsine dehydrocoupling. Nucleophilicity connects to the earliest understanding of hydrophosphination catalysis, but more recent catalysts are leveraging enhanced insertion activity through photolysis. This photocatalysis extends to hydroarsination, which may also have more metal-arsenido nucleophilicity than anticipated. However, metal-catalyzed arsinidene chemistry foreshadowed related phosphinidene chemistry by years. This examination shows the potential for greater influence of individual discoveries and understanding to leverage new advances between these elements, and it also suggests that the chemistry of heavier elements may have more influence on what is possible with lighter elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Reuter
- University of Vermont, Department of Chemistry, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
| | - Dennis M Seth
- University of Vermont, Department of Chemistry, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
| | - Diego R Javier-Jiménez
- University of Vermont, Department of Chemistry, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
| | - Emma J Finfer
- University of Vermont, Department of Chemistry, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
| | - Evan A Beretta
- University of Vermont, Department of Chemistry, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
| | - Rory Waterman
- University of Vermont, Department of Chemistry, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peng C, Liu W, Wang Y. Mechanistic insights into H 3B·NMeH 2 dehydrogenation by Co-based complexes: a DFT perspective. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj06155d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic insights into Co-catalyzed H3B·NMeH2 dehydrogenation and polyaminoborane formation are carefully investigated using density functional theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brodie CN, Sotorrios L, Boyd TM, Macgregor SA, Weller AS. Dehydropolymerization of H 3B·NMeH 2 Mediated by Cationic Iridium(III) Precatalysts Bearing κ 3- iPr-PN RP Pincer Ligands ( R = H, Me): An Unexpected Inner-Sphere Mechanism. ACS Catal 2022; 12:13050-13064. [PMID: 36313521 PMCID: PMC9594342 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The dehydropolymerization of H3B·NMeH2 to form N-methylpolyaminoborane using neutral
and
cationic catalysts based on the {Ir(iPr-PNHP)} fragment [iPr-PNHP = κ3-(CH2CH2PiPr2)2NH] is reported. Neutral
Ir(iPr-PNHP)H3 or
Ir(iPr-PNHP)H2Cl
precatalysts show no, or poor and unselective, activity respectively
at 298 K in 1,2-F2C6H4 solution.
In contrast, addition of [NMeH3][BArF4] (ArF = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3) to Ir(iPr-PNHP)H3 immediately starts catalysis, suggesting that a cationic
catalytic manifold operates. Consistent with this, independently synthesized
cationic precatalysts are active (tested between 0.5 and 2.0 mol %
loading) producing poly(N-methylaminoborane) with Mn ∼ 40,000 g/mol, Đ ∼1.5, i.e., dihydrogen/dihydride, [Ir(iPr-PNHP)(H)2(H2)][BArF4]; σ-amine-borane [Ir(iPr-PNHP)(H)2(H3B·NMe3)][BArF4]; and [Ir(iPr-PNHP)(H)2(NMeH2)][BArF4]. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations
probe hydride exchange processes in two of these complexes and also
show that the barrier to amine-borane dehydrogenation is lower (22.5
kcal/mol) for the cationic system compared with the neutral system
(24.3 kcal/mol). The calculations show that the dehydrogenation proceeds
via an inner-sphere process without metal–ligand cooperativity,
and this is supported experimentally by N–Me substituted [Ir(iPr-PNMeP)(H)2(H3B·NMe3)][BArF4] being
an active catalyst. Key to the lower barrier calculated for the cationic
system is the outer-sphere coordination of an additional H3B·NMeH2 with the N–H group of the ligand.
Experimentally, kinetic studies indicate a complex reaction manifold
that shows pronounced deceleratory temporal profiles. As supported
by speciation and DFT studies, a key observation is that deprotonation
of [Ir(iPr-NHP)(H)2(H2)][BArF4], formed upon amine-borane
dehydrogenation, by the slow in situ formation of NMeH2 (via B–N bond cleavage), results in the formation of essentially
inactive Ir(iPr-PNHP)H3, with a coproduct of [NMeH3]+/[H2B(NMeH2)2]+. While reprotonation
of Ir(iPr-PNHP)H3 results in a return to the cationic cycle, it is proposed, supported
by doping experiments, that reprotonation is attenuated by entrainment
of the [NMeH3]+/[H2B(NMeH2)2]+/catalyst in insoluble polyaminoborane.
The role of [NMeH3]+/[H2B(NMeH2)]+ as chain control agents is also noted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lia Sotorrios
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Timothy M. Boyd
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
- Chemistry Research Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Stuart A. Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Elangovan S, Irran E, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Cationic Cobalt–Thiolate Complexes for the Dehydrogenative Coupling of nBu 3SnH. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saravanakumar Elangovan
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Barrett AN, Woof CR, Goult CA, Gasperini D, Mahon MF, Webster RL. Hydrogen/Halogen Exchange of Phosphines for the Rapid Formation of Cyclopolyphosphines. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16826-16833. [PMID: 34647448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogen/halogen exchange of phosphines has been exploited to establish a truly useable substrate scope and straightforward methodology for the formation of cyclopolyphosphines. Starting from a single dichlorophosphine, a sacrificial proton "donor phosphine" makes the rapid, mild synthesis of cyclopolyphosphines possible: reactions are complete within 10 min at room temperature. Novel (aryl)cyclopentaphosphines (ArP)5 have been formed in good conversion, with the crystal structures presented. The use of catalytic quantities of iron(III) acetylacetonate provides significant improvements in conversion in the context of diphosphine (Ar2P)2 and alkyl-substituted cyclotetra- or cyclopentaphosphine ((AlkylP)n, where n = 4 or 5) formation. Both iron-free and iron-mediated reactions show high levels of selectivity for one specific ring size. Finally, investigations into the reactivity of Fe(acac)3 suggest that the iron species is acting as a sink for the hydrochloric acid byproduct of the reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam N Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Callum R Woof
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A Goult
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Danila Gasperini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth L Webster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Chakraborty P, Sundararaju B, Manoury E, Poli R. New Borrowing Hydrogen Mechanism for Redox-Active Metals. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Basker Sundararaju
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Eric Manoury
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, Toulouse Cedex 4 F-31077, France
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, Toulouse Cedex 4 F-31077, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1, Rue Descartes, Paris Cedex 05 75231, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kumar A, Eyyathiyil J, Choudhury J. Reduction of Carbon Dioxide with Ammonia-Borane under Ambient Conditions: Maneuvering a Catalytic Way. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11684-11692. [PMID: 34270234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the development of alternatives to the traditional catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 with gaseous H2, employing nongaseous H2 storage compounds as potential reductants for catalytic transfer hydrogenation of CO2 is promising. Ammonia-borane, due to its high hydrogen storage capacity (19.6 wt %), has been used for catalytic transfer hydrogenation of several organic unsaturated compounds. However, a similar protocol involving catalytic transfer hydrogenation of less reactive CO2 with NH3BH3 is yet to be realized experimentally. Herein, we demonstrate the first catalytic CO2 transfer hydrogenation process for generating formate salt with NH3BH3 under ambient conditions (1 atm and 30 °C) employing a cationic "Ir(III)-abnormal NHC" catalyst via an electrophilic NH3BH3 activation route. It exhibited an initial turnover frequency of 686 h-1 and a high turnover number (TON) of ≈1300 in just 4 h. Most significantly, the catalyst was durable enough to maintain long-term activity, and upon only periodic recharging of NH3BH3, it furnished a total TON of >4200 in 10 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Jusaina Eyyathiyil
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Catalysts applied in cobalt-catalyzed cyclotrimerizations reactions in general rely on the use of Co(I) precatalysts or the in situ generation of Co(I) catalysts from Co(II) sources by reduction in the presence of steering ligands, often by addition of less noble metals. In this paper, we report the synthesis and properties of novel stable CpCo(III) complexes as precatalysts and their exemplary evaluation for application in catalytic [2+2+2] cycloadditions. The role of phosphite neutral ligands, as well as iodide and cyanide as anionic ligands, on the reactivity of the complexes was evaluated. A modified one-pot approach to the synthesis of Cp ring-functionalized Cp’Co(III) complexes was developed. The investigations demonstrated that CpCo(III) complexes can be directly applied as catalysts in catalytic cyclotrimerizations of triynes without reducing agents as additives.
Collapse
|
11
|
Demirci UB. Mechanistic insights into the thermal decomposition of ammonia borane, a material studied for chemical hydrogen storage. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01366h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have now a better understanding of the mechanisms of thermal decomposition of ammonia borane, a widely studied hydrogen storage material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umit B. Demirci
- Institut Européen des Membranes
- IEM – UMR 5635
- ENSCM
- CNRS
- Univ Montpellier
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nugent JW, García-Melchor M, Fout AR. Cobalt-Catalyzed Ammonia Borane Dehydrogenation: Mechanistic Insight and Isolation of a Cobalt Hydride-Amidoborane Complex. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Nugent
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Max García-Melchor
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Alison R. Fout
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Our planet urgently needs sustainable solutions to alleviate the anthropogenic global warming and climate change. Homogeneous catalysis has the potential to play a fundamental role in this process, providing novel, efficient, and at the same time eco-friendly routes for both chemicals and energy production. In particular, pincer-type ligation shows promising properties in terms of long-term stability and selectivity, as well as allowing for mild reaction conditions and low catalyst loading. Indeed, pincer complexes have been applied to a plethora of sustainable chemical processes, such as hydrogen release, CO2 capture and conversion, N2 fixation, and biomass valorization for the synthesis of high-value chemicals and fuels. In this work, we show the main advances of the last five years in the use of pincer transition metal complexes in key catalytic processes aiming for a more sustainable chemical and energy production.
Collapse
|
14
|
Shimbayashi T, Fujita KI. Metal-catalyzed hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions for efficient hydrogen storage. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.130946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
15
|
Boyd TM, Andrea KA, Baston K, Johnson A, Ryan DE, Weller AS. A simple cobalt-based catalyst system for the controlled dehydropolymerisation of H3B·NMeH2 on the gram-scale. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:482-485. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08864d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple Co-based catalyst system promotes the efficient and controlled dehydropolymerisation of amine–boranes on scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Boyd
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemistry Research Laboratories
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Kori A. Andrea
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemistry Research Laboratories
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Katherine Baston
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemistry Research Laboratories
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Alice Johnson
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemistry Research Laboratories
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - David E. Ryan
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemistry Research Laboratories
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Andrew S. Weller
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemistry Research Laboratories
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Faverio C, Boselli MF, Medici F, Benaglia M. Ammonia borane as a reducing agent in organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7789-7813. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01351j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia borane is gaining increasing attention as a sustainable and atom-economical winning reagent for the reduction of several substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Faverio
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Medici
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Maurizio Benaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Qiu B, Wang W, Yang X. Computational Prediction of Ammonia-Borane Dehydrocoupling and Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones and Imines Catalyzed by SCS Nickel Pincer Complexes. Front Chem 2019; 7:627. [PMID: 31572716 PMCID: PMC6753508 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inspired by the catalytic mechanism and active site structure of lactate racemase, three scorpion-like SCS nickel pincer complexes were proposed as potential catalysts for transfer hydrogenation of ketones and imines with ammonia-borane (AB) as the hydrogen source. Density functional theory calculations reveal a stepwise hydride and proton transfer mechanism for the dehydrocoupling of AB and hydrogenation of N-methylacetonimine, and a concerted proton-coupled hydride transfer process for hydrogenation of acetone, acetophenone, and 3-methyl-2-butanone. Among all proposed Ni complexes, the one with symmetric NH2 group on both arms of the SCS pincer ligand has the lowest free energy barrier of 15.0 kcal/mol for dehydrogenation of AB, as well as total free energy barriers of 17.8, 18.2, 18.0, and 18.6 kcal/mol for hydrogenation of acetone, N-methylacetonimine, acetophenone, and 3-methyl-2-butanone, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Qiu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzheng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dömling M, Arrowsmith M, Schmidt U, Werner L, Castro AC, Jiménez-Halla JOC, Bertermann R, Müssig J, Prieschl D, Braunschweig H. Spontaneous trans-Selective Transfer Hydrogenation of Apolar Boron-Boron Double Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9782-9786. [PMID: 31062910 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The transfer hydrogenation of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-supported diborenes with dimethylamine borane proceeds with high selectivity for the trans-1,2-dihydrodiboranes. DFT calculations, supported by kinetic studies and deuteration experiments, suggest a stepwise proton-first-hydride-second reaction mechanism via an intermediate μ-hydrodiboronium dimethylaminoborate ion pair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dömling
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie & the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie & the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Schmidt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie & the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Luis Werner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie & the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Abril C Castro
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - J Oscar C Jiménez-Halla
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie & the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Müssig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie & the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Prieschl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie & the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie & the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dömling M, Arrowsmith M, Schmidt U, Werner L, Castro AC, Jiménez‐Halla JOC, Bertermann R, Müssig J, Prieschl D, Braunschweig H. Spontane
trans
‐selektive Transferhydrierung von unpolaren B=B‐Doppelbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dömling
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie &, the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie &, the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Uwe Schmidt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie &, the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Luis Werner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie &, the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Abril C. Castro
- Departamento de QuímicaDivisión de Ciencias Naturales y ExactasUniversidad de Guanajuato Noria Alta S/N 36050 Guanajuato Mexiko
| | - J. Oscar C. Jiménez‐Halla
- Departamento de QuímicaDivisión de Ciencias Naturales y ExactasUniversidad de Guanajuato Noria Alta S/N 36050 Guanajuato Mexiko
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie &, the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Jonas Müssig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie &, the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Dominic Prieschl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie &, the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie &, the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Lara P, Philippot K, Suárez A. Phosphane-decorated Platinum Nanoparticles as Efficient Catalysts for H2
Generation from Ammonia Borane and Methanol. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Lara
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla; Avda. Américo Vespucio 49 Sevilla 41092 Spain
| | - Karine Philippot
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination); 205 Route de Narbonne BP 44099 Toulouse Cedex F-31077 France
- Université de Toulouse UPS, INPT; Toulouse Cedex 4 F-31077 France
| | - Andrés Suárez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla; Avda. Américo Vespucio 49 Sevilla 41092 Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lee JP, Latendresse TP, Henson KR, Dean PA, Mehne LF. Synthetic, electrochemical, spectroscopic, and structural studies of mixed sandwich Co(III) complexes involving Cp or Cp* with tridentate N-donor and S-donor macrocycles. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
23
|
Ai W, Zhong R, Liu X, Liu Q. Hydride Transfer Reactions Catalyzed by Cobalt Complexes. Chem Rev 2018; 119:2876-2953. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Ai
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xufang Liu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Espinal-Viguri M, Neale SE, Coles NT, Macgregor SA, Webster RL. Room Temperature Iron-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation and Regioselective Deuteration of Carbon-Carbon Double Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:572-582. [PMID: 30518206 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An iron catalyst has been developed for the transfer hydrogenation of carbon-carbon multiple bonds. Using a well-defined β-diketiminate iron(II) precatalyst, a sacrificial amine and a borane, even simple, unactivated alkenes such as 1-hexene undergo hydrogenation within 1 h at room temperature. Tuning the reagent stoichiometry allows for semi- and complete hydrogenation of terminal alkynes. It is also possible to hydrogenate aminoalkenes and aminoalkynes without poisoning the catalyst through competitive amine ligation. Furthermore, by exploiting the separate protic and hydridic nature of the reagents, it is possible to regioselectively prepare monoisotopically labeled products. DFT calculations define a mechanism for the transfer hydrogenation of propene with nBuNH2 and HBpin that involves the initial formation of an iron(II)-hydride active species, 1,2-insertion of propene, and rate-limiting protonolysis of the resultant alkyl by the amine N-H bond. This mechanism is fully consistent with the selective deuteration studies, although the calculations also highlight alkene hydroboration and amine-borane dehydrocoupling as competitive processes. This was resolved by reassessing the nature of the active transfer hydrogenation agent: experimentally, a gel is observed in catalysis, and calculations suggest this can be formulated as an oligomeric species comprising H-bonded amine-borane adducts. Gel formation serves to reduce the effective concentrations of free HBpin and nBuNH2 and so disfavors both hydroboration and dehydrocoupling while allowing alkene migratory insertion (and hence transfer hydrogenation) to dominate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maialen Espinal-Viguri
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY , United Kingdom
| | - Samuel E Neale
- Institute of Chemical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS , United Kingdom
| | - Nathan T Coles
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY , United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS , United Kingdom
| | - Ruth L Webster
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Maier TM, Sandl S, Shenderovich IG, Jacobi von Wangelin A, Weigand JJ, Wolf R. Amine-Borane Dehydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation Catalyzed by α-Diimine Cobaltates. Chemistry 2018; 25:238-245. [PMID: 30378191 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Anionic α-diimine cobalt complexes, such as [K(thf)1.5 {(Dipp BIAN)Co(η4 -cod)}] (1; Dipp=2,6-diisopropylphenyl, cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene), catalyze the dehydrogenation of several amine-boranes. Based on the excellent catalytic properties, an especially effective transfer hydrogenation protocol for challenging olefins, imines, and N-heteroarenes was developed. NH3 BH3 was used as a dihydrogen surrogate, which transferred up to two equivalents of H2 per NH3 BH3 . Detailed spectroscopic and mechanistic studies are presented, which document the rate determination by acidic protons in the amine-borane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Maier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Sandl
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.,Current address: University of Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ilya G Shenderovich
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Axel Jacobi von Wangelin
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.,Current address: University of Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan J Weigand
- TU Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Trose M, Reiß M, Reiß F, Anke F, Spannenberg A, Boye S, Lederer A, Arndt P, Beweries T. Dehydropolymerisation of methylamine borane using a dinuclear 1,3-allenediyl bridged zirconocene complex. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:12858-12862. [PMID: 30156242 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03311k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dinuclear zirconocene chloride complex 1 is a highly active precatalyst for the dehydropolymerisation of methylamine borane. Comparison with mononuclear Zr chlorides and related dinuclear complexes suggests that the nature of the bridging motif is essential for the unique reactivity of 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Trose
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - M Reiß
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - F Reiß
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - F Anke
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - A Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - S Boye
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Lederer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany and Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - P Arndt
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - T Beweries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Turner J, Chilton NF, Kumar A, Colebatch AL, Whittell GR, Sparkes HA, Weller AS, Manners I. Iron Precatalysts with Bulky Tri(tert-butyl)cyclopentadienyl Ligands for the Dehydrocoupling of Dimethylamine-Borane. Chemistry 2018; 24:14127-14136. [PMID: 29573487 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to prepare new Fe catalysts for the dehydrocoupling of amine-boranes and to provide mechanistic insight, the paramagnetic FeII dimeric complex [Cp'FeI]2 (1) (Cp'=η5 -((1,2,4-tBu)3 C5 H2 )) was used as a precursor to a series of cyclopentadienyl FeII and FeIII mononuclear species. The complexes prepared were [Cp'Fe(η6 -Tol)][Cp'FeI2 ] (2) (Tol=C6 H5 Me), [Cp'Fe(η6 -Tol)][BArF4 ] (3) (BArF4 =[B(C6 H3 (m-CF3 )2 )4 ]- ), [N(nBu)4 ][Cp'FeI2 ] (4), Cp'FeI2 (5), and [Cp'Fe(MeCN)3 ][BArF4 ] (6). The electronic structure of the [Cp'FeI2 ]- anion in 2 and 4 was investigated by SQUID magnetometry, EPR spectroscopy and ab initio Complete Active Space Self Consistent Field-Spin Orbit (CASSCF-SO) calculations, and the studies revealed a strongly anisotropic S=2 ground state. Complexes 1-6 were investigated as catalysts for the dehydrocoupling of Me2 NH⋅BH3 (I) in THF at 20 °C to yield the cyclodiborazane product [Me2 N-BH2 ]2 (IV). Complexes 1-4 and 6 were active dehydrocoupling catalysts towards I (5 mol % loading), however 5 was inactive, and ultra-violet (UV) irradiation was required for the reaction mediated by 3. Complex 6 was found to be the most active precatalyst, reaching 80 % conversion to IV after 19 h at 22 °C. Dehydrocoupling of I by 1-4 proceeded via formation of the aminoborane Me2 N=BH2 (II) as the major intermediate, whereas for 6 the linear diborazane Me2 NH-BH2 -NMe2 -BH3 (III) could be detected, together with trace amounts of II. Reactions of 1 and 6 with Me3 N⋅BH3 were investigated in an attempt to identify Fe-based intermediates in the catalytic reactions. The σ-complex [Cp'Fe(MeCN)(κ2 -H2 BH⋅NMe2 H][BArF4 ] was proposed to initially form in dehydrocoupling reactions involving 6 based on ESI-MS (ESI=Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectroscopy) and NMR spectroscopic evidence. The latter also suggests that these complexes function as precursors to iron hydrides which may be the true catalytic species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Turner
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Nicholas F Chilton
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - George R Whittell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Hazel A Sparkes
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Andrew S Weller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhao Q, Li J, Ma N, Wei C, Xu T, Li B, Zhang J, Chen X. Reactions of Amine–Boranes with Oxalic Acid: Substitution on the N or B Atom Leads to Different Spiroborate Compounds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Henan Normal University 453007 Xinxiang Henan China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Henan Normal University 453007 Xinxiang Henan China
| | - Na‐Na Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Henan Normal University 453007 Xinxiang Henan China
| | - Chang‐Geng Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Henan Normal University 453007 Xinxiang Henan China
| | - Ting Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Henan Normal University 453007 Xinxiang Henan China
| | - Bao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Henan Normal University 453007 Xinxiang Henan China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Henan Normal University 453007 Xinxiang Henan China
| | - Xuenian Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Henan Normal University 453007 Xinxiang Henan China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Saptal VB, Sasaki T, Bhanage BM. Ru@PsIL-Catalyzed Synthesis of N
-Formamides and Benzimidazole by using Carbon Dioxide and Dimethylamine Borane. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitthal B. Saptal
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Matunga Mumbai- 400 019 India
| | - Takehiko Sasaki
- Department of Complexity Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Frontier Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa Chiba 277-8561 Japan
| | - Bhalchandra M. Bhanage
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Matunga Mumbai- 400 019 India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Landge VG, Pitchaimani J, Midya SP, Subaramanian M, Madhu V, Balaraman E. Phosphine-free cobalt pincer complex catalyzed Z-selective semi-hydrogenation of unbiased alkynes. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy01994g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A molecularly defined NNN-type cobalt pincer complex catalyzed semi-hydrogenation of unbiased alkynes to Z-selective alkenes is reported. The reaction operates at a low temperature (50–80 °C), phosphine ligand-free, and base-free conditions with no additive required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod G. Landge
- Catalysis Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL)
- Pune – 411008
- India
| | | | - Siba P. Midya
- Catalysis Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL)
- Pune – 411008
- India
| | - Murugan Subaramanian
- Catalysis Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL)
- Pune – 411008
- India
| | - Vedichi Madhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Karunya University
- Coimbatore – 641114
- India
| | - Ekambaram Balaraman
- Catalysis Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL)
- Pune – 411008
- India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sharpe HR, Geer AM, Blundell TJ, Hastings FR, Fay MW, Rance GA, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Kays DL. Dehydrocoupling of dimethylamine–borane promoted by manganese(ii) m-terphenyl complexes. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy02086d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Low-coordinate m-terphenyl complexes are precatalysts for dehydrocoupling of dimethylamine–borane, where small changes in coordination environment effect significant mechanistic differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen R. Sharpe
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Ana M. Geer
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Toby J. Blundell
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Fiona R. Hastings
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Michael W. Fay
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre
- University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Graham A. Rance
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre
- University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
| | | | - Deborah L. Kays
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen XW, Zhao H, Chen CL, Jiang HF, Zhang M. Hydrogen-Transfer-Mediated α-Functionalization of 1,8-Naphthyridines by a Strategy Overcoming the Over-Hydrogenation Barrier. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14232-14236. [PMID: 28926172 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A general catalytic hydrogen transfer-mediated α-functionalization of 1,8-naphthyridines is reported for the first time that benefits from a hydrogen transfer-mediated activation mode for non-activated pyridyl cores. The pyridyl α-site selectively couples with the C8-site of various tetrahydroquinolines (THQs) to afford novel α-functionalized tetrahydro 1,8-naphthyridines, a class of synthetically useful building blocks and potential candidates for the discovery of therapeutic and bio-active products. The utilization of THQs as inactive hydrogen donors (HDs) appears to be a key strategy to overcome the over-hydrogenation barrier and address the chemoselectivity issue. The developed chemistry features operational simplicity, readily available catalyst and good functional group tolerance, and offers a significant basis for further development of new protocols to directly transform or functionalize inert N-heterocycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Wen Chen
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - He Zhao
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Chun-Lian Chen
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Huan-Feng Jiang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen XW, Zhao H, Chen CL, Jiang HF, Zhang M. Hydrogen-Transfer-Mediated α-Functionalization of 1,8-Naphthyridines by a Strategy Overcoming the Over-Hydrogenation Barrier. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Wen Chen
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - He Zhao
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Chun-Lian Chen
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Huan-Feng Jiang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pagano JK, Bange CA, Farmiloe SE, Waterman R. Visible Light Photocatalysis Using a Commercially Available Iron Compound. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin K. Pagano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Discovery Hall, Burlington, Vermont 05401, United States
| | - Christine A. Bange
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Discovery Hall, Burlington, Vermont 05401, United States
| | - Sarah E. Farmiloe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Discovery Hall, Burlington, Vermont 05401, United States
| | - Rory Waterman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Discovery Hall, Burlington, Vermont 05401, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen XW, Zhao H, Xiong B, Jiang HF, Dixneuf PH, Zhang M. Selective synthesis of nitrogen bi-heteroarenes by a hydrogen transfer-mediated direct α,β-coupling reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:6093-6097. [PMID: 28702586 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01434a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
By an external hydrogen transfer-mediated activation mode, we herein demonstrate a new palladium-catalyzed direct α,β-coupling of different types of N-heteroarenes. Such a selective coupling reaction proceeds with the advantages of operational simplicity, high atom-economical efficiency, and use of safe and abundant i-propanol as the activating agent, offering a practical way to access nitrogen bi-heteroarenes. Preliminary exploration has revealed that the obtained bis-1,10-phenanthroline 2qq' as a ligand is capable of improving a copper catalyst for C-C bond formation. The work reported in this paper has built an important basis for the creation of extended π-conjugated systems that are of high significance in biological, medicinal, materials and synthetic organic chemistry as well as catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Wen Chen
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - He Zhao
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Biao Xiong
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Huan-Feng Jiang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Pierre H Dixneuf
- Centre of Catalysis and Green Chemistry-OMC, Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226-CNRS-Universite de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wu Y, Jiang X, Chen J, Qi Y, Zhang Y, Fu H, Zheng J, Li X. Boric acid-destabilized lithium borohydride with a 5.6 wt% dehydrogenation capacity at moderate temperatures. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:4499-4503. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00337d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Boric acid effectively promotes the dehydrogenation of lithium borohydride due to the interactions between protonic and hydridic hydrogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Xiaojing Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Jun Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Yue Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - He Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Xingguo Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Korytiaková E, Thiel NO, Pape F, Teichert JF. Copper(i)-catalysed transfer hydrogenations with ammonia borane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:732-735. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09067b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly Z-selective alkyne transfer semihydrogenations and conjugate transfer hydrogenations of enoates can be effected by employing a readily available copper(i)/N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex, [IPrCuOH], in combination with ammonia borane as a H2 equivalent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Korytiaková
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Niklas O. Thiel
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Felix Pape
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bhunya S, Malakar T, Ganguly G, Paul A. Combining Protons and Hydrides by Homogeneous Catalysis for Controlling the Release of Hydrogen from Ammonia–Borane: Present Status and Challenges. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bhunya
- Raman Centre for Atomic,
Molecular and
Optical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Tanmay Malakar
- Raman Centre for Atomic,
Molecular and
Optical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Gaurab Ganguly
- Raman Centre for Atomic,
Molecular and
Optical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Ankan Paul
- Raman Centre for Atomic,
Molecular and
Optical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Esteruelas MA, Nolis P, Oliván M, Oñate E, Vallribera A, Vélez A. Ammonia Borane Dehydrogenation Promoted by a Pincer-Square-Planar Rhodium(I) Monohydride: A Stepwise Hydrogen Transfer from the Substrate to the Catalyst. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:7176-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Montserrat Oliván
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Andrea Vélez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fu S, Chen NY, Liu X, Shao Z, Luo SP, Liu Q. Ligand-Controlled Cobalt-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Alkynes: Stereodivergent Synthesis of Z- and E-Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8588-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Fu
- Center
of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nan-Yu Chen
- Center
of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State
Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xufang Liu
- Center
of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhihui Shao
- Center
of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shu-Ping Luo
- State
Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Center
of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Patil NM, Sasaki T, Bhanage BM. Immobilized ruthenium metal-containing ionic liquid-catalyzed dehydrogenation of dimethylamine borane complex for the reduction of olefins and nitroarenes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09785e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient immobilized ruthenium metal containing ionic liquid (ImmRu-IL) catalyst has been developed for the transfer hydrogenation of olefins and nitroarenes. This methodology uses eco-friendly dimethylamine borane as a reducing agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh M. Patil
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
| | - Takehiko Sasaki
- Department of Complexity Science and Engineering
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Chiba 277-8561
- Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xiong B, Zhang SD, Chen L, Li B, Jiang HF, Zhang M. An annulative transfer hydrogenation strategy enables straightforward access to tetrahydro fused-pyrazine derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:10636-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05329g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A ruthenium-catalyzed annulative transfer hydrogenation strategy, enabling straightforward access to tetrahydro fused-pyrazine derivatives from N-heteroaryl diamines and vicinal diols, is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Di Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- P. R. China
| | - Huan-Feng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Glüer A, Förster M, Celinski VR, Schmedt auf der Günne J, Holthausen MC, Schneider S. Highly Active Iron Catalyst for Ammonia Borane Dehydrocoupling at Room Temperature. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Glüer
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse
4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Förster
- Insitut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vinicius R. Celinski
- Inorganic
Materials Chemistry, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | | | - Max C. Holthausen
- Insitut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sven Schneider
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse
4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Erickson KA, Stelmach JPW, Mucha NT, Waterman R. Zirconium-Catalyzed Amine Borane Dehydrocoupling and Transfer Hydrogenation. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karla A. Erickson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05401, United States
| | - John P. W. Stelmach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05401, United States
| | - Neil T. Mucha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05401, United States
| | - Rory Waterman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05401, United States
| |
Collapse
|