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Nguyen TD, Lan YP, Wu CG. The function of Chalcogenophene in the Cyclomatelated Ring of the Cycloruthenated Dyes applied in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11328-11337. [PMID: 34278784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Three thiocyanate-free cycloruthenated complexes, DUY24-O, DUY24, and DUY24-Se containing furan, thiophene, and selenophene, respectively, as a part of the cycloruthenated ring, were designed to reveal the function of the chalcogen atom on the physicochemical and photovoltaic performance of the cycloruthenated sensitizers applied in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The three sensitizers have a similar molecular size; therefore, the effect of molecular dimensions on their photovoltaic performance can be negligible. NMR data, electron-donating resonance effects, optical properties, and the energy levels of the frontier orbitals reveal that the physical/photovoltaic properties of the three sensitizers were affected significantly by the chalcogen atom on the cyclometalated chalcogenophene ring. The λmax (both in ethanol and adsorbed on TiO2), frontier orbital level, and dye loading of thiophene- and selenophene-containing dyes are very close. Nevertheless, DUY24-Se has a higher molar absorption coefficient compared to DUY24; therefore, the DSC based on DUY24-Se has higher efficiency (8.4% under AM1.5 G one-sun and 26% under T5-light at ca. 6000 lux) than that sensitized with the DUY24 dye. These efficiencies are also higher than those (7.9 and 21.6%, respectively) of the cell dyed with N719, fabricated using the same conditions. The better performance of the device sensitized with DUY24-Se compared to DUY24-based cells suggests that selenophene is as good as (or even better than) thiophene to be a part of the cyclometalated ring for thiocyanate-free cycloruthenated sensitizers applied in DSCs. Furan-containing DUY24-O has much worse photovoltaic performance compared to the other two dyes. This is not only because DUY24-O has the shortest λmax, the lowest molar absorption coefficient, and the highest HOMO level but also the lowest dye loading (because of the strong interaction between the oxygen in furan and TiO2, the array of DUY24-O occupies more surface when adsorbed on TiO2) and the fastest charge recombination. The physicochemical and photovoltaic properties as well as the adsorption behavior of the dye on the TiO2 anode for the cycloruthenated sensitizers affected significantly by the chalcogen atom of the chalcogenophene on the cyclometalated ring provide a new strategy to design high-efficiency NCS-free cyclometalated sensitizers for DSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- The-Duy Nguyen
- Research Center for New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules and Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li, 32001 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yen-Po Lan
- Research Center for New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules and Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li, 32001 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Guey Wu
- Research Center for New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules and Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li, 32001 Taiwan, Republic of China
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2
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Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS, Bocian DF, Holten D. Comprehensive review of photophysical parameters (ε, Φf, τs) of tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP) and zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) – Critical benchmark molecules in photochemistry and photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2020.100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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3
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Akbarzadeh AR, Nekoeifard M, Rahmatollah R, Keshavarz MH. Two spectral QSPR models of porphyrin macromolecules for chelating heavy metals and different ligands released from industrial solvents: CH 2Cl 2, CHCl 3 and toluene. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 31:347-371. [PMID: 32460542 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2020.1747534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two simple and reliable correlations are introduced for the prediction of emission and absorption of porphyrins and their derivatives, i.e. metalloporphyrins and ligand coordinated metalloporphyrins. They can be used to sense the extracted precious metals. The proposed models require only simple structural parameters such as the number of carbon, metal and metal-free molecular fragments of desirable porphyrins or their derivatives. Since the proposed models depend on molecular structures of the desired compounds, they can be easily applied for complex molecular structures. Experimental data of 272 porphyrin derivatives were used to derive and test the novel models for the assessment of their emission (Em.) and absorption (Abs.) values in three solvents namely dichloromethane, toluene and chloroform. The values of the coefficients of determination (r 2) for the training set (183 compounds) in dichloromethane and three different test sets, corresponding to the three mentioned solvents, for the emission and absorption correlations were greater than 0.70. The calculated values of the root-mean-square error (RMSE) for the training sets of Em. and Abs. correlations were equal to 7.56 and 4.86 nm, respectively. Further statistical parameters also confirm the high reliability of the new models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Akbarzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology , Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M Nekoeifard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology , Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - R Rahmatollah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology , Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M H Keshavarz
- Department of Chemistry, Malek-ashtar University of Technology , Shahin-shahr, Islamic Republic of Iran
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4
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Zhang X, Abid S, Shi L, Williams JAG, Fox MA, Miomandre F, Tourbillon C, Audibert JF, Mongin O, Paul F, Paul-Roth CO. Fluorenylporphyrins functionalized by electrochromic ruthenium units as redox-triggered fluorescence switches. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11897-11911. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02087j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electrofluorochromic behaviour of two ruthenium-appended porphyrin dyads has been investigated. Differences in response according to the nature of the interposed aryl linker are rationalised with the aid of electrochemistry and TD-DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Univ Rennes
- INSA Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
| | - Seifallah Abid
- Univ Rennes
- INSA Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
| | - Limiao Shi
- Univ Rennes
- INSA Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
| | | | - Mark A. Fox
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- Durham
- U.K
| | - Fabien Miomandre
- PPSM, CNRS
- Ecole normale supérieure Paris-Saclay
- 94235 Cachan
- France
| | | | | | - Olivier Mongin
- Univ Rennes
- INSA Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
| | - Frédéric Paul
- Univ Rennes
- INSA Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
| | - Christine O. Paul-Roth
- Univ Rennes
- INSA Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
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5
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Merhi A, Grelaud G, Morshedi M, Abid S, Green KA, Barlow A, Groizard T, Kahlal S, Halet JF, Ngo HM, Ledoux I, Cifuentes MP, Humphrey MG, Paul F, Paul-Roth CO. Synthesis, characterization and third-order nonlinear optical properties of a dodecaruthenium organometallic dendrimer with a zinc(ii) tetraphenylporphyrin core. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11123-11135. [PMID: 30043792 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02301h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new Zn(ii) porphyrin-based dendrimer (52) containing twelve Ru(ii) alkynyl fragments, has been prepared following a convergent approach in two steps from 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-ethynylphenyl)porphyrinatozinc(ii) (6). The cubic nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of 52 and other derivatives of 6 have been measured by third-harmonic generation (THG) at 1907 nm and by Z-scan over the spectral range 500-1700 nm, revealing the remarkable NLO response of 52 in the near-IR range. These results highlight the beneficial role of the extended "cross fourchée"-like polymetallic structure of 52 on its third-order NLO properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej Merhi
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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6
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Triadon A, Grelaud G, Richy N, Mongin O, Moxey GJ, Dixon IM, Yang X, Wang G, Barlow A, Rault-Berthelot J, Cifuentes MP, Humphrey MG, Paul F. Linear and Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Fe(η5-C5Me5)(κ2-dppe)- and trans-Ru(κ2-dppe)2-Alkynyl Complexes Containing 2-Fluorenyl End Groups. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amédée Triadon
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Guillaume Grelaud
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Nicolas Richy
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Mongin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Graeme J. Moxey
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Isabelle M. Dixon
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Xinwei Yang
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Genmiao Wang
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Adam Barlow
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Joelle Rault-Berthelot
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Marie P. Cifuentes
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Mark G. Humphrey
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Frédéric Paul
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
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7
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Kim YS, Fournier S, Lau-Truong S, Decorse P, Devillers CH, Lucas D, Harris KD, Limoges B, Balland V. Introducing Molecular Functionalities within High Surface Area Nanostructured ITO Electrodes through Diazonium Electrografting. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Seul Kim
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 7591; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité; 15 rue J-A de Baïf F-75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Sophie Fournier
- UCMUB UMR 6302; CNRS Université Bourgogne Franche Comté; F-21000 Dijon France
| | - Stéphanie Lau-Truong
- Laboratoire ITODYS, UMR CNRS 7086; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité; 15 rue J-A de Baïf F-75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Philippe Decorse
- Laboratoire ITODYS, UMR CNRS 7086; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité; 15 rue J-A de Baïf F-75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | | | - Dominique Lucas
- UCMUB UMR 6302; CNRS Université Bourgogne Franche Comté; F-21000 Dijon France
| | - Kenneth D. Harris
- NRC Nanotechnology Research Center, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada, & Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2V4 Canada
| | - Benoît Limoges
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 7591; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité; 15 rue J-A de Baïf F-75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Véronique Balland
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 7591; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité; 15 rue J-A de Baïf F-75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
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8
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Nguyen TD, Lan YP, Wu CG. High-Efficiency Cycloruthenated Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1527-1534. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- The-Duy Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center
for New Generation Photovoltaics, National Central University, Jhong-Li 32001, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Po Lan
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center
for New Generation Photovoltaics, National Central University, Jhong-Li 32001, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Guey Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center
for New Generation Photovoltaics, National Central University, Jhong-Li 32001, Taiwan, ROC
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9
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Norel L, Tourbillon C, Warnan J, Audibert JF, Pellegrin Y, Miomandre F, Odobel F, Rigaut S. Redox-driven porphyrin based systems for new luminescent molecular switches. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:8364-8374. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01493k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work explores the possibility of controlling the fluorescence of porphyrins via oxidation of a ruthenium acetylide unit. The modulation depends on the nature of the porphyrin unit(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Norel
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | | | - Julien Warnan
- Université LUNAM
- Université de Nantes
- CNRS
- Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse
- Analyse
| | | | - Yann Pellegrin
- Université LUNAM
- Université de Nantes
- CNRS
- Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse
- Analyse
| | - Fabien Miomandre
- UMR CNRS 8531-PPSM
- ENS Cachan
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 94235 Cachan
- France
| | - Fabrice Odobel
- Université LUNAM
- Université de Nantes
- CNRS
- Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse
- Analyse
| | - Stéphane Rigaut
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
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10
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Lolage SR, Pawal SB, Chavan SS. Heterobimetallic Cu(I)/Ru(II) Acetylide Bridged Hybrid Complexes Containing Coordination and Organometallic Sites. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay R. Lolage
- Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; Shivaji University; Kolhapur, (MS 416 004 India
| | - Sandip B. Pawal
- Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; Shivaji University; Kolhapur, (MS 416 004 India
| | - Sanjay S. Chavan
- Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; Shivaji University; Kolhapur, (MS 416 004 India
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11
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Dang TT, Durot S, Monnereau L, Heitz V, Barbieri A, Ventura B. Highlight on the solution processes occurring on silver(i)-assembling porphyrins in the presence of an excess of silver salt. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:9375-9381. [PMID: 28686279 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00974g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coordination cages obtained upon complexation of pyridyl functionalized porphyrins by Ag+ disassemble when overtaking a 1 : 2 stoichiometric amount of silver salt. An excess of Ag+ then leads to unusual chemical processes, here analyzed in detail, which permanently transform the monomeric porphyrins. The observed processes, discussed with reference to model compounds devoid of polyether substituted pyridyl residues, evidence a peculiar reactivity for meso 2,6-dimethylphenyl substituted porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Dang
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France. and Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho Street, Tan Phong Ward, District 7, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - S Durot
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - L Monnereau
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - V Heitz
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - A Barbieri
- Istituto ISOF-CNR, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - B Ventura
- Istituto ISOF-CNR, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
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12
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Nguyen TD, Lin CH, Wu CG. Effect of the CF3 Substituents on the Charge-Transfer Kinetics of High-Efficiency Cyclometalated Ruthenium Sensitizers. Inorg Chem 2016; 56:252-260. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- The-Duy Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for New Generation Photovoltaics, National Central University, Jhong-Li 32001, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Han Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for New Generation Photovoltaics, National Central University, Jhong-Li 32001, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Guey Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for New Generation Photovoltaics, National Central University, Jhong-Li 32001, Taiwan, Republic of China
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13
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Malvolti F, Rouxel C, Grelaud G, Toupet L, Roisnel T, Barlow A, Yang X, Wang G, Abdul Razak FI, Stranger R, Cifuentes MP, Humphrey MG, Mongin O, Blanchard‐Desce M, Paul‐Roth CO, Paul F. Iron and Ruthenium Alkynyl Complexes with 2‐Fluorenyl Groups: Some Linear and Nonlinear Optical Absorption Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Malvolti
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de RennesCNRS (UMR 6226)Université de Rennes 1Campus de Beaulieu35042Rennes CedexFrance
| | - Cedric Rouxel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de RennesCNRS (UMR 6226)Université de Rennes 1Campus de Beaulieu35042Rennes CedexFrance
| | - Guillaume Grelaud
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de RennesCNRS (UMR 6226)Université de Rennes 1Campus de Beaulieu35042Rennes CedexFrance
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityACT 2601CanberraAustralia
| | - Loic Toupet
- Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR)CNRS (UMR 6251)Université de Rennes 1Campus de Beaulieu35042Rennes CedexFrance
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de RennesCNRS (UMR 6226)Université de Rennes 1Campus de Beaulieu35042Rennes CedexFrance
| | - Adam Barlow
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityACT 2601CanberraAustralia
| | - Xinwei Yang
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityACT 2601CanberraAustralia
| | - Genmiao Wang
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityACT 2601CanberraAustralia
| | | | - Robert Stranger
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityACT 2601CanberraAustralia
| | - Marie P. Cifuentes
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityACT 2601CanberraAustralia
| | - Mark G. Humphrey
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityACT 2601CanberraAustralia
| | - Olivier Mongin
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de RennesCNRS (UMR 6226)Université de Rennes 1Campus de Beaulieu35042Rennes CedexFrance
| | | | - Christine O. Paul‐Roth
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de RennesCNRS (UMR 6226)Université de Rennes 1Campus de Beaulieu35042Rennes CedexFrance
| | - Frédéric Paul
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de RennesCNRS (UMR 6226)Université de Rennes 1Campus de Beaulieu35042Rennes CedexFrance
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