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Bazhina ES, Kiskin MA, Babeshkin KA, Efimov NN, Fedin MV, Eremenko IL. Effect of the solvent on the formation of new oxovanadium(IV) complexes with pentafluorobenzoate anions and 1,10-phenanthroline. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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2
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Ignaszak A, Patterson N, O'Brien C, True A, Elsegood MRJ, Prior TJ, Redshaw C. Heterometallic cobalt(ii) calix[6 and 8]arenes: synthesis, structure and electrochemical activity. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11672-11685. [PMID: 35481098 PMCID: PMC9010074 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01009g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterometallic cobalt p-tert-butylcalix[6 and 8]arenes have been generated from the in situ reaction of lithium reagents (n-BuLi or t-BuOLi) or NaH with the parent calix[n]arene and subsequent reaction with CoBr2. The reverse route, involving the addition of in situ generated Li[Co(Ot-Bu)3] to p-tert-butylcalix[6 and 8]arene, has also been investigated. X-ray crystallography reveals the formation of complicated products incorporating differing numbers of cobalt and lithium or sodium centers, often with positional disorder, as well as, in some cases, the retention of halide. The electrochemical analysis revealed several oxidation events related to the subsequent oxidation of Co(ii) centers and the reduction of the metal cation at negative potentials. Moreover, the electrochemical activity of the phenol moieties of the parent calix[n]arenes resulted in dimerized products or quinone derivatives, leading to insoluble oligomeric products that deposit and passivate the electrode. Preliminary screening for electrochemical proton reduction revealed good activity for a number of these systems. Results suggest that [Co6Na(NCMe)6(μ-O)(p-tert-butylcalix[6]areneH)2Br]·7MeCN (6·7MeCN) is a promising molecular catalyst for electrochemical proton reduction, with a mass transport coefficient, catalytic charge transfer resistance and current magnitude at the catalytic turnover region that are comparable to those of the reference electrocatalyst (Co(ii)Cl2). Reactions between p-tert-butylcalix[6 and 8]arenes and lithium or sodium reagents led to complex structures often with positional disorder. Such systems are capable of electrochemical proton reduction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ignaszak
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick 30 Dineen Drive Fredericton NB E3B 5A3 Canada
| | - Nigel Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick 30 Dineen Drive Fredericton NB E3B 5A3 Canada
| | - Connor O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick 30 Dineen Drive Fredericton NB E3B 5A3 Canada
| | - Allison True
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick 30 Dineen Drive Fredericton NB E3B 5A3 Canada
| | - Mark R J Elsegood
- Chemistry Department, Loughborough University Loughborough Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
| | - Timothy J Prior
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull Cottingham Road Hull HU6 7RX UK
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull Cottingham Road Hull HU6 7RX UK
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3
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Xing T, Prior TJ, Elsegood MRJ, Semikolenova NV, Soshnikov IE, Bryliakov K, Chen K, Redshaw C. Vanadium complexes derived from oxacalix[6]arenes: structural studies and use in the ring opening homo-/co-polymerization of ε-caprolactone/δ-valerolactone and ethylene polymerization. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01979h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxacalix[6]arene vanadium complexes have been employed for the ROP of cyclic esters and ethylene polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xing
- Plastics Collaboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
| | - Timothy J. Prior
- Plastics Collaboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
| | | | | | - Igor E. Soshnikov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
| | - Konstantin Bryliakov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
| | - Kai Chen
- Plastics Collaboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Plastics Collaboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
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4
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Antonov AA, Bryliakov KP. Post-metallocene catalysts for the synthesis of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene: Recent advances. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Groch P, Bihun-Kisiel A, Piontek A, Ochędzan-Siodłak W. Structural and Thermal Properties of Ethylene-Norbornene Copolymers Obtained Using Vanadium Homogeneous and SIL Catalysts. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112433. [PMID: 33105638 PMCID: PMC7690451 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The series of ethylene-norbornene (E-NB) copolymers was obtained using different vanadium homogeneous and supported ionic liquid (SIL) catalyst systems. The 13C and 1H NMR (carbon and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) together with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were applied to determine the composition of copolymers such as comonomer incorporation (CNB), monomer dispersity (MD), monomer reactivity ratio (re), sequence length of ethylene (le) and tetrad microblock distributions. The relation between the type of catalyst, reaction conditions and on the other hand, the copolymer microstructure, chain termination reaction analyzed by the type of unsaturation are discussed. In addition, the thermal properties of E-NB copolymers such as the melting and crystallization behavior, like also the heterogeneity of composition described by successive the self-nucleation and annealing (SSA) and the dispersity index (DI) were determined.
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6
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Santoro O, Elsegood MRJ, Bedwell EV, Pryce JA, Redshaw C. INSIGHTS into the structures adopted by titanocalix[6 and 8]arenes and their use in the ring opening polymerization of cyclic esters. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:11978-11996. [PMID: 32812994 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02130j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of p-tert-butylcalix[6]areneH6, L1H6, with [TiCl4] afforded the complex [Ti2Cl3(MeCN)2(OH2)(L1H)][Ti2Cl3(MeCN)3(L1H)]·4.5MeCN (1·4.5MeCN), in which two pseudo-octahedral titanium centres are bound to one calix[6]arene. A similar reaction but employing THF resulted in the THF ring-opened product [Ti4Cl2(μ3-O)2(NCMe)2(L)2(O(CH2)4Cl)2]·4MeCN (2·4MeCN), where LH4 = p-tert-butylcalix[4]areneH4. Interaction of L1H6 with [TiF4] (3 equiv.) led, after work-up, to the complex [(TiF)2(μ-F)L1H]2·6.5MeCN (3·6.5MeCN). Treatment of p-tert-butylcalix[8]areneH8, L2H8, with [TiCl4] led to the isolation of the complex [(TiCl)2(TiClNCMe)2(μ3-O)2(L2)]·1.5MeCN (4·1.5MeCN). From a similar reaction, a co-crystallized complex [Ti4O2Cl4(MeCN)2(L2)][Ti3Cl6(MeCN)5(OH2)(L2H2)]·H2O·11MeCN (5·H2O 11MeCN) was isolated. Extension of the L2H8 chemistry to [TiBr4] afforded, depending on the stoichiometry, the complexes [(TiBr)2(TiBrNCMe)2(μ3-O)2(L2)]·6MeCN (6·6MeCN) or [[Ti(NCMe)2Br]2[Ti(O)Br2(NCMe)](L2)]·7.5MeCN (7·7.5MeCN), whilst use of [TiF4] afforded complexes containing Ca2+ and Na+, thought to originate from drying agents, namely [Ti8CaF20(OH2)Na2(MeCN)4(L2)2]·14MeCN (8·14MeCN), [Na(MeCN)2][Ti8CaF20NaO16(L2)2]·7MeCN (9·7MeCN) or [Na]6[Ti8F20Na(MeCN)2(L2)][Ti8F20Na(MeCN)0.5(L2)]·15.5(C2H3N) (10·15.5MeCN). In the case of [TiI4], the ladder [(TiI)2(TiINCMe)2(μ3-O)2(L2)]·7.25CH2Cl2 (11·7.25CH2Cl2) was isolated. These complexes have been screened for their potential to act as catalysts in the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL), δ-valerolactone (δ-VL) and rac-lactide (r-LA), both in air and N2. For ε-CL and δ-VL, moderate activity at 130 °C over 24 h was observed for 1, 9 and 11; for r-LA, only 1 exhibited reasonable activity. In the case of the co-polymerization of ε-CL with δ-VL, the complexes 1 and 11 afforded reasonable conversions and low molecular weight polymers, whilst 4, 6, and 9 were less effective. None of the complexes proved to be active in the co-polymerization of ε-CL and r-LA under the conditions employed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Santoro
- Plastics Collaboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Mark R J Elsegood
- Chemistry Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Elizabeth V Bedwell
- Chemistry Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Jake A Pryce
- Chemistry Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Plastics Collaboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
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7
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Cera G, Balestri D, Bazzoni M, Marchiò L, Secchi A, Arduini A. Trisulfonamide calix[6]arene-catalysed Michael addition to nitroalkenes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6241-6246. [PMID: 32735000 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01319f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe the application of a novel family of trisulfonamide (TSA) calix[6]arenes in general acid catalysis. Hydrogen-bonding interactions between acidic TSA and methanol boosted the reactivity of the Michael addition of indoles to nitroalkene derivatives. The transformation occurs at a low catalyst loading of 5 mol%, allowing for the synthesis of nitroalkanes with good yields and functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Cera
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Davide Balestri
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Margherita Bazzoni
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Arturo Arduini
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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8
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Yi J, Nakatani N, Nomura K. Solution XANES and EXAFS analysis of active species of titanium, vanadium complex catalysts in ethylene polymerisation/dimerisation and syndiospecific styrene polymerisation. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8008-8028. [PMID: 32432279 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01139h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic studies in homogeneous catalysis through the solution transition metal K Edge XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) and EXAFS (Extended X-ray absorption fine structure) analysis for vanadium and titanium complex catalysts for ethylene polymerisation/dimerization, and syndiospecific styrene polymerisation, including interpretation of the XANES spectra, have been introduced. The core excitation spectra of the complexes based on the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) can be used to interpret the Ti and V K-edge features and to extract information on the electronic structure from the XANES spectra. Theoretical calculations and experimental XAS analysis should have great potential for analysing the active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
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9
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Liu Y, Xiang H, Wang K, Wu G, Li Y. Efficient Preparation of Cyclic Olefin Copolymers with Unreacted Double Bonds by Using Thermal Stable Non‐Metallocene Vanadium Catalytic System. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringChongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Hong‐Xia Xiang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringChongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Kai‐Ti Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringChongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Gang Wu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringChongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 China
| | - You‐Bing Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringChongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 China
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10
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Sinha AK, Vigalok A, Rawat V. Catalytic application of zinc complex of oxygen depleted 1,3-bis(pyrazole)-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Zanchin G, Bertini F, Vendier L, Ricci G, Lorber C, Leone G. Copolymerization of ethylene with propylene and higher α-olefins catalyzed by (imido)vanadium( iv) dichloride complexes. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01415b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized and characterized a series of (imido)V(iv) complexes bearing different imido groups and coligands, to be used, in combination with an aluminum alkyl, as catalysts for the (co)polymerization of ethylene with propylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Zanchin
- CNR
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)
- I-20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Fabio Bertini
- CNR
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)
- I-20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Laure Vendier
- CNRS
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)
- 31077 Toulouse
- France
- Université de Toulouse
| | - Giovanni Ricci
- CNR
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)
- I-20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Christian Lorber
- CNRS
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)
- 31077 Toulouse
- France
- Université de Toulouse
| | - Giuseppe Leone
- CNR
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)
- I-20133 Milano
- Italy
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12
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Zhang S, Zhang WC, Shang DD, Wu YX. Synthesis of ultra-high-molecular-weight ethylene-propylene copolymer via
quasi-living copolymerization with N
-heterocyclic carbene ligated vanadium complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Wen-Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Dan-Dan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yi-Xian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
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13
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14
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Vanadium olefin polymerization catalysts: NMR spectroscopic characterization of V(III) intermediates. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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16
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Introduction of constrained cyclic skeleton into β-enaminoketonato vanadium complexes: A strategy for stabilization of active centre of vanadium catalyst for ethylene polymerization. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-017-1956-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Buttress J, Day DP, Courtney JM, Lawrence EJ, Hughes DL, Blagg RJ, Crossley A, Matthews SE, Redshaw C, Bulman Page PC, Wildgoose GG. "Janus" Calixarenes: Double-Sided Molecular Linkers for Facile, Multianchor Point, Multifunctional, Surface Modification. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:7806-13. [PMID: 27419844 PMCID: PMC4980688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We herein report the synthesis of novel "Janus" calix[4]arenes bearing four "molecular tethering" functional groups on either the upper or lower rims of the calixarene. These enable facile multipoint covalent attachment to electrode surfaces with monolayer coverage. The other rim of the calixarenes bear either four azide or four ethynyl functional groups, which are easily modified by the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC), either pre- or postsurface modification, enabling these conical, nanocavity reactor sites to be decorated with a wide range of substrates to impart desired chemical properties. Redox active species decorating the peripheral rim are shown to be electrically connected by the calixarene to the electrode surface in either "up" or "down" orientations of the calixarene.
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Affiliation(s)
- James
P. Buttress
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - David P. Day
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - James M. Courtney
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Elliot J. Lawrence
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - David L. Hughes
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Robin J. Blagg
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Crossley
- Oxford
University Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke Hill, Oxford, OX5 1PF, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E. Matthews
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C. Bulman Page
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
| | - Gregory G. Wildgoose
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
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18
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Redshaw C. Metallocalixarene catalysts: α-olefin polymerization and ROP of cyclic esters. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:9018-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01529h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This perspective review discusses metallocalix[n]arene complexes that have been employed in either α-olefin polymerization or in the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters over the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Redshaw
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
- Department of Chemistry
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19
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Redshaw C, Walton MJ, Elsegood MRJ, Prior TJ, Michiue K. Vanadium(v) tetra-phenolate complexes: synthesis, structural studies and ethylene homo-(co-)polymerization capability. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20177b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bi-metallic vanadium(v) tetra-phenolate complexes, on combination with organoaluminium co-catalysts and a reactivator, are capable of ethylene homo- or ethylene/propylene co-polymerization of ethylene with high activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark J. Walton
- Energy Materials Laboratory
- School of Chemistry
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich
- UK
| | | | | | - Kenji Michiue
- Process Technology Center
- Mitsui Chemicals Inc
- Chiba 299-0265
- Japan
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