1
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Davison N, Hemingway JM, Wills C, Stolar T, Waddell PG, Dixon CM, Barron L, Dawson JA, Lu E. Mechanochemical Synthesis of a Sodium Anion Complex [Na +(2,2,2-cryptand)Na -] and Studies of Its Reactivity: Two-Electron and One-Electron Reductions. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:15247-15258. [PMID: 39069662 PMCID: PMC11323275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Group 1 metal molecular chemistry is dominated by a +1 oxidation state, while a 0 oxidation state is widespread in the metals. A more exotic, yet still available, oxidation state of group 1 metal is -1, i.e., alkalide. Reported as early as the 1970s, the alkalides appear in every modern inorganic chemistry textbook as an iconic chemical curiosity, yet their reactivity remains unexplored. This is due to their synthetic hurdles. In this work, we report the first facile synthesis of the archetypical alkalide complex, [Na+(2,2,2-cryptand)Na-], which allows us to unveil a versatile reactivity profile of this once exotic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Davison
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
- Chemistry,
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Jack M. Hemingway
- Chemistry,
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Corinne Wills
- Chemistry,
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Tomislav Stolar
- Federal
Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul G. Waddell
- Chemistry,
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Casey M. Dixon
- Chemistry,
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Luke Barron
- Chemistry,
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - James A. Dawson
- Chemistry,
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Erli Lu
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
- Chemistry,
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
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2
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Brackbill IJ, Rajeshkumar T, Douair I, Maron L, Boreen MA, Bergman RG, Arnold J. Covalency-Driven Differences in the Hydrogenation Chemistry of Lanthanide- and Actinide-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21932-21947. [PMID: 39051942 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The electronic organization of Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs) allows them to activate strong bonds in mechanisms that are usually free of redox events at the Lewis acidic site. The unique 6d/5f manifold of uranium could serve as an interesting FLP acceptor site, but to date FLP-like catalysis with actinide ions is unknown. In this paper, the catalytic, FLP-like hydrogenation reactivity of trivalent uranium complexes is explored in the presence of base-stabilized silylenes. Comparison to isoelectronic, isostructural lanthanide and thorium complexes lends insight into the electronic factors governing dihydrogen activation. Mechanistic studies of the uranium- and lanthanide-catalyzed hydrogenations are presented, including discussion of likely intermediates. Computational modeling of the f-element complexes, combined with experimental comparison to p-block Lewis acids, elucidates the relevance of steric hindrance to productive reactivity with dihydrogen. Consideration of the complete experimental and theoretical evidence provides a clear picture of the electronic and steric factors governing dihydrogen activation by these FLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Joseph Brackbill
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Iskander Douair
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Michael A Boreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Robert G Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
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3
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Fang W, Li Y, Zhang T, Rajeshkumar T, Del Rosal I, Zhao Y, Wang T, Wang S, Maron L, Zhu C. Oxidative Addition of E-H (E=C, N) Bonds to Transient Uranium(II) Centers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407339. [PMID: 38714494 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
Two-electron oxidative addition is one of the most important elementary reactions for d-block transition metals but it is uncommon for f-block elements. Here, we report the first examples of intermolecular oxidative addition of E-H (E=C, N) bonds to uranium(II) centers. The transient U(II) species was formed in-situ by reducing a heterometallic cluster featuring U(IV)-Pd(0) bonds with potassium-graphite (KC8). Oxidative addition of C-H or N-H bonds to the U(II) centers was observed when this transient U(II) species was treated with benzene, carbazole or 1-adamantylamine, respectively. The U(II) centers could also react with tetracene, biphenylene or N2O, leading to the formation of arene reduced U(IV) products and uranyl(VI) species via two- or four-electron processes. This study demonstrates that the intermolecular two-electron oxidative addition reactions are viable for actinide elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yafei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tianze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Iker Del Rosal
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tianwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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4
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Patra K, Brennessel WW, Matson EM. Molecular Models of Atomically Dispersed Uranium at MoS 2 Surfaces Reveal Cooperative Mechanism of Water Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:20147-20157. [PMID: 38984489 PMCID: PMC11273346 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Single atoms of uranium supported on molybdenum sulfide surfaces (U@MoS2) have been recently demonstrated to facilitate the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) through electrocatalysis. Theoretical calculations have predicted uranium hydroxide moieties bound to edge-sulfur atoms of MoS2 as a proposed transition state involved in the HER process. However, the isolation of relevant intermediates involved in this process remains a challenge, rendering mechanistic hypotheses unverified. The present work describes the isolation and characterization of a uranium-hydroxide intermediate on molybdenum sulfide surfaces using [(Cp*3Mo3S4)UCp*], a molecular model of a reduced uranium center supported at MoS2. Mechanistic investigations highlight the metalloligand cooperativity with uranium involved in the water activation pathway. The corresponding uranium-oxo analogue, [(Cp*3Mo3S4)Cp*U(═O)], was also accessed from the hydroxide cluster via hydrogen atom transfer and from [(Cp*3Mo3S4)UCp*] through an alternative direct oxygen atom transfer. These results provide an atomistic perspective on the reactivity of low-valent uranium at molybdenum sulfide surfaces toward water, modeling key intermediates associated with the HER of U@MoS2 catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaless Patra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - William W. Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Ellen M. Matson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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5
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Wang Y, Liang J, Deng C, Sun R, Fu PX, Wang BW, Gao S, Huang W. Two-Electron Oxidations at a Single Cerium Center. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22466-22474. [PMID: 37738079 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Two-electron oxidations are ubiquitous and play a key role in the synthesis and catalysis. For transition metals and actinides, two-electron oxidation often takes place at a single-metal site. However, redox reactions at rare-earth metals have been limited to one-electron processes due to the lack of accessible oxidation states. Despite recent advancements in nontraditional oxidation state chemistry, the low stability of low-valent compounds and large disparity among different oxidation states prevented the implementation of two-electron processes at a single rare-earth metal center. Here we report two-electron oxidations at a cerium(II) center to yield cerium(IV) terminal oxo and imido complexes. A series of cerium(II-IV) complexes supported by a tripodal tris(amido)arene ligand were synthesized and characterized. Experimental and theoretical studies revealed that the cerium(II) complex is best described as a 4f2 ion stabilized by δ-backdonation to the anchoring arene, while the cerium(IV) oxo and imido complexes exhibit multiple bonding characters. The accomplishment of two-electron oxidations at a single cerium center brings a new facet to molecular rare-earth metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jiefeng Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chong Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Rong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Xiang Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Wu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Wenliang Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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6
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Hartline DR, Löffler ST, Fehn D, Kasper JM, Heinemann FW, Yang P, Batista ER, Meyer K. Uranium-Mediated Peroxide Activation and a Precursor toward an Elusive Uranium cis-Dioxo Fleeting Intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:8927-8938. [PMID: 37053448 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The activation of chalcogen-chalcogen bonds using organometallic uranium complexes has been well documented for S-S, Se-Se, and Te-Te bonds. In stark contrast, reports concerning the ability of a uranium complex to activate the O-O bond of an organic peroxide are exceedingly rare. Herein, we describe the peroxide O-O bond cleavage of 9,10-diphenylanthracene-9,10-endoperoxide in nonaqueous media, mediated by a uranium(III) precursor [((Me,AdArO)3N)UIII(dme)] to generate a stable uranium(V) bis-alkoxide complex, namely, [((Me,AdArO)3N)UV(DPAP)]. This reaction proceeds via an isolable, alkoxide-bridged diuranium(IV/IV) species, implying that the oxidative addition occurs in two sequential, single-electron oxidations of the metal center, including rebound of a terminal oxygen radical. This uranium(V) bis-alkoxide can then be reduced with KC8 to form a uranium(IV) complex, which upon exposure to UV light, in solution, releases 9,10-diphenylanthracene to generate a cyclic uranyl trimer through formal two-electron photooxidation. Analysis of the mechanism of this photochemical oxidation via density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicates that the formation of this uranyl trimer occurs through a fleeting uranium cis-dioxo intermediate. At room temperature, this cis-configured dioxo species rapidly isomerizes to a more stable trans configuration through the release of one of the alkoxide ligands from the complex, which then goes on to form the isolated uranyl trimer complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Hartline
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sascha T Löffler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Fehn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joseph M Kasper
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Frank W Heinemann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ping Yang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Enrique R Batista
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Truong-Phuoc L, Nhut JM, Sall S, Tuci G, Rossin A, Papaefthimiou V, Duong-Viet C, Petit C, Arab M, Jourdan A, Vidal L, Giambastiani G, Pham-Huu C. Not Just Another Methanation Catalyst: Depleted Uranium Meets Nickel for a High-Performing Process Under Autothermal Regime. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201859. [PMID: 36331078 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ni-based catalysts prepared through impregnation of depleted uranium oxides (DU) have successfully been employed as highly efficient, selective, and durable systems for CO2 hydrogenation to substituted natural gas (SNG; CH4 ) under an autothermal regime. The thermo-physical properties of DU and the unique electronic structure of f-block metal-oxides combined with a nickel active phase, generated an ideal catalytic assembly for turning waste energy back into useful energy for catalysis. In particular, Ni/UOx stood out for the capacity of DU matrix to control the extra heat (hot-spots) generated at its surface by the highly exothermic methanation process. At odds with the benchmark Ni/γ-Al2 O3 catalyst, the double action played by DU as a "thermal mass" and "dopant" for the nickel active phase unveiled the unique performance of Ni/UOx composites as CO2 methanation catalysts. The ability of the weakly radioactive ceramic (UOx ) to harvest waste heat for more useful purposes was demonstrated in practice within a rare example of a highly effective and long-term methanation operated under autothermal regime (i. e., without any external heating source). This finding is an unprecedented example that allows a real step-forward in the intensification of "low-temperature" methanation with an effective reduction of energy wastes. At the same time, the proposed catalytic technology can be regarded as an original approach to recycle and bring to a second life a less-severe nuclear by-product (DU), providing a valuable alternative to its more costly long-term storage or controlled disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Truong-Phuoc
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), ECPM, UMR 7515 of the CNRS and University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Jean-Mario Nhut
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), ECPM, UMR 7515 of the CNRS and University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Secou Sall
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), ECPM, UMR 7515 of the CNRS and University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Giulia Tuci
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds ICCOM-CNR and Consorzio INSTM, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossin
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds ICCOM-CNR and Consorzio INSTM, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Vasiliki Papaefthimiou
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), ECPM, UMR 7515 of the CNRS and University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Cuong Duong-Viet
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), ECPM, UMR 7515 of the CNRS and University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Corinne Petit
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), ECPM, UMR 7515 of the CNRS and University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Mehdi Arab
- ORANO Tricastin, Direction de La Recherche & Développement, Site du TRICASTIN BP 16, 26701, Pierrelatte Cedex, France
| | - Alex Jourdan
- ORANO Tricastin, Direction de La Recherche & Développement, Site du TRICASTIN BP 16, 26701, Pierrelatte Cedex, France
| | - Loic Vidal
- The Mulhouse Materials Science Institute (IS2 M), 15, rue Jean Starcky - BP 2488, 68057, Mulhouse cedex, France
| | - Giuliano Giambastiani
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), ECPM, UMR 7515 of the CNRS and University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds ICCOM-CNR and Consorzio INSTM, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Cuong Pham-Huu
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), ECPM, UMR 7515 of the CNRS and University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
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8
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Yang ZC, Cai HX, Bacha RUS, Ding SD, Pan QJ. Theoretical Investigation of Catalytic Water Splitting by the Arene-Anchored Actinide Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11715-11724. [PMID: 35838526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Actinide complexes, which could enable the electrocatalytic H2O reduction, are not well documented because of the fact that actinide-containing catalysts are precluded by extremely stable actinyl species. Herein, by using relativistic density functional theory calculations, the arene-anchored trivalent actinide complexes (Me,MeArO)3ArAn (marked as [AnL]) with desirable electron transport between metal and ligand arene are investigated for H2 production. The metal center is changed from Ac to Pu. Electron-spin density calculations reveal a two-electron oxidative process (involving high-valent intermediates) for complexes [AnL] (An = P-Pu) along the catalytic pathway. The electrons are provided by both the actinide metal and the arene ring of ligand. This is comparable to the previously reported uranium catalyst (Ad,MeArO)3mesU (Ad = adamantine and mes = mesitylene). From the thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives, [PaL] offers appreciably lower reaction energies for the overall catalytic cycle than other actinide complexes. Thus, the protactinium complex tends to be the most reactive for H2O reduction to produce H2 and has the advantage of its experimental accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ce Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Hong-Xue Cai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Raza Ullah Shah Bacha
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Song-Dong Ding
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qing-Jiang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
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9
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Boreen MA, Ye CZ, Kerridge A, McCabe KN, Skeel BA, Maron L, Arnold J. Does Reduction-Induced Isomerization of a Uranium(III) Aryl Complex Proceed via C-H Oxidative Addition and Reductive Elimination across the Uranium(II/IV) Redox Couple? Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8955-8965. [PMID: 35654478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of the uranium(III) bis(amidinate) aryl complex {TerphC(NiPr)2}2U(Terph) (2, where Terph = 4,4″-di-tert-butyl-m-terphenyl-2'-yl) with a strong reductant enabled isolation of isomeric uranium(III) bis(amidinate) aryl product {TerphC(NiPr)2}2U(Terph*) (3, where Terph* = 4,4″-di-tert-butyl-m-terphenyl-4'-yl). In terms of connectivity, 3 differs from 2 only in the positions of the U-C and C-H bonds on the central aryl ring of the m-terphenyl-based ligand. A deuterium labeling study ruled out mechanisms for this isomerization involving intermolecular abstraction or deprotonation of the ligand C-H bonds activated during the reaction. Due to the complexity of this rapid, heterogeneous reaction, experimental studies could not further distinguish between two different intramolecular C-H activation mechanisms. However, high-level computational studies were consistent with a mechanism that included two sets of unimolecular, mononuclear C-H oxidative addition and reductive elimination steps involving uranium(II/IV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Boreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christopher Z Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrew Kerridge
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
| | - Karl N McCabe
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Brighton A Skeel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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10
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Behera N, Sethi S. REVIEW: Understanding oxidative addition in organometallics: a closer look. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.2008378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sipun Sethi
- School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
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11
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Grimm AB, Wang K, Rheingold AL, Moore CE, Szieberth D, Nyulászi L, Protasiewicz JD. 2-Aryl-1,3-Benzoxaphospholes as Unwilling Participants for Catalytic Suzuki–Miyaura CC Coupling Reactions. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra B. Grimm
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Dénes Szieberth
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - John D. Protasiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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12
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Carpenter SH, Billow BS, Tondreau AM. Diastereoselective Template Synthesis on Iron and Uranium. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brennan S. Billow
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, United States
| | - Aaron M. Tondreau
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, United States
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13
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Hartline D, Meyer K. From Chemical Curiosities and Trophy Molecules to Uranium-Based Catalysis: Developments for Uranium Catalysis as a New Facet in Molecular Uranium Chemistry. JACS AU 2021; 1:698-709. [PMID: 34467327 PMCID: PMC8395704 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Catalysis remains one of the final frontiers in molecular uranium chemistry. Depleted uranium is mildly radioactive, continuously generated in large quantities from the production and consumption of nuclear fuels and accessible through the regeneration of "uranium waste". Organometallic complexes of uranium possess a number of properties that are appealing for applications in homogeneous catalysis. Uranium exists in a wide range of oxidation states, and its large ionic radii support chelating ligands with high coordination numbers resulting in increased complex stability. Its position within the actinide series allows it to involve its f-orbitals in partial covalent bonding; yet, the U-L bonds remain highly polarized. This causes these bonds to be reactive and, with few exceptions, relatively weak, allowing for high substrate on/off rates. Thus, it is reasonable that uranium could be considered as a source of metal catalysts. Accordingly, uranium complexes in oxidation states +4, +5, and +6 have been studied extensively as catalysts in sigma-bond metathesis reactions, with a body of literature spanning the past 40 years. High-valent species have been documented to perform a wide variety of reactions, including oligomerization, hydrogenation, and hydrosilylation. Concurrently, electron-rich uranium complexes in oxidation states +2 and +3 have been proven capable of performing reductive small molecule activation of N2, CO2, CO, and H2O. Hence, uranium's ability to activate small molecules of biological and industrial relevance is particularly pertinent when looking toward a sustainable future, especially due to its promising ability to generate ammonia, molecular hydrogen, and liquid hydrocarbons, though the advance of catalysis in these areas is in the early stages of development. In this Perspective, we will look at the challenges associated with the advance of new uranium catalysts, the tools produced to combat these challenges, the triumphs in achieving uranium catalysis, and our future outlook on the topic.
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14
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Ward RJ, Rungthanaphatsophon P, Del Rosal I, Kelley SP, Maron L, Walensky JR. Divergent uranium- versus phosphorus-based reduction of Me 3SiN 3 with steric modification of phosphido ligands. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5830-5835. [PMID: 34094084 PMCID: PMC8159289 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02261f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe an example of a two-electron metal- and ligand-based reduction of Me3SiN3 using uranium(iv) complexes with varying steric properties. Reaction of (C5Me5)2U(CH3)[P(SiMe3)(Ph)] with Me3SiN3 produces the imidophosphorane complex, (C5Me5)2U(CH3)[N
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P(SiMe3)2(Ph)] through oxidation of phosphorus. However, a similar reaction with a more sterically encumbering phosphido ligand, (C5Me5)2U(CH3)[P(SiMe3)(Mes)] forms the U(iv) complex, (C5Me5)2U[κ2-(N,N)–N(SiMe3)P(Mes)N(SiMe3)]. In probing the mechanism of this reaction, a U(vi) bis(imido) complex, (C5Me5)2U(NSiMe3){N[P(SiMe3)(Mes)]} was isolated. DFT calculations show an intramolecular reductive cycloaddition reaction leads to the formation of the U(iv) bis(amido)phosphane from the U(vi) bis(imido) complex. This is a rare example of the isolation of a reaction intermediate in f element chemistry. We describe an example of a two-electron metal- and ligand-based reduction of Me3SiN3 using uranium(iv) complexes with varying steric properties. With uranium-based reduction, a U(vi) intermediate is isolated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | | | - Iker Del Rosal
- Universite de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR, UMR 5215 LPCNO 135 Avenue de Ranguiel 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Steven P Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Laurent Maron
- Universite de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR, UMR 5215 LPCNO 135 Avenue de Ranguiel 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Justin R Walensky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA
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15
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Rice NT, McCabe K, Bacsa J, Maron L, La Pierre HS. Two-Electron Oxidative Atom Transfer at a Homoleptic, Tetravalent Uranium Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7368-7373. [PMID: 32248676 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A tetrahomoleptic, pseudotetrahedral U4+ imidophosphorane complex, [U(NP(pip)3)4], 1-U(PN), is reported. This complex can be oxidized by two electrons with either mesityl azide or nitrous oxide. This two-electron atom/group transfer oxidation is the first example observed at a homoleptic, tetravalent uranium complex. The mesityl imido compound [U(NMes)(NP(pip)3)4], 2-U(PN)NMes, exhibits a unique square pyramidal geometry in contrast to the expected trigonal bipyramidal geometry of the oxo complex [U(O)(NP(pip)3)4], 2-U(PN)O. The bonding driving the structural dichotomy of these structures and the absence of a structurally observable inverse trans-influence in 2-U(PN)NMes were examined by DFT and natural bonding orbital analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie T Rice
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Karl McCabe
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquees, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
| | - John Bacsa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquees, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
| | - Henry S La Pierre
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States.,Nuclear and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Program, School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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16
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Auvray T, Matson EM. Polyoxometalate-based complexes as ligands for the study of actinide chemistry. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13917-13927. [PMID: 32966461 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02755c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The complexation of actinide cations by polyoxometalates (POMs) has been extensively studied over the past 50 years. In this perspective article, we present the rich structural diversity of actinide-POM complexes and their contribution to the extension of our knowledges of actinide chemistry, especially regarding aspect of their redox chemistry, as well as application for the capture and separation of these cations in the context of nuclear fuel remediation. These heterometallic assemblies have also proven highly valuable as model for heterogeneous systems based on actinides supported by metal oxide surfaces. In particular, activation of the An-O bond of actinyl fragments upon complexation with lacunary POMs has been reported, creating opportunities for future developments regarding the reactivity of these heterometallic assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Auvray
- University of Rochester, Department of Chemistry, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
| | - Ellen M Matson
- University of Rochester, Department of Chemistry, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
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17
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Boreen MA, Arnold J. The synthesis and versatile reducing power of low-valent uranium complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15124-15138. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03151h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This synthesis and diverse reactivity of uranium(iii) and uranium(ii) complexes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Boreen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
- Chemical Sciences Division
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
- Chemical Sciences Division
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18
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Jung J, Löffler ST, Langmann J, Heinemann FW, Bill E, Bistoni G, Scherer W, Atanasov M, Meyer K, Neese F. Dispersion Forces Drive the Formation of Uranium–Alkane Adducts. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:1864-1870. [PMID: 31884789 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Jung
- Department of Molecular Theory and Spectroscopy, Max-Planck Institute for Kohlenforschung, Kaiser Wilhelm-Platz-1, 45470 Mülheim-an-der-Ruhr, Germany
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sascha T. Löffler
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Langmann
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Physik und Materialwissenschaften, Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Frank W. Heinemann
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Department of Molecular Theory and Spectroscopy, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34−36, 45470 Mülheim-an-der-Ruhr, Germany
| | - Giovanni Bistoni
- Department of Molecular Theory and Spectroscopy, Max-Planck Institute for Kohlenforschung, Kaiser Wilhelm-Platz-1, 45470 Mülheim-an-der-Ruhr, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Scherer
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Physik und Materialwissenschaften, Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Mihail Atanasov
- Department of Molecular Theory and Spectroscopy, Max-Planck Institute for Kohlenforschung, Kaiser Wilhelm-Platz-1, 45470 Mülheim-an-der-Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. Georgi Bontchev Street 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Department of Molecular Theory and Spectroscopy, Max-Planck Institute for Kohlenforschung, Kaiser Wilhelm-Platz-1, 45470 Mülheim-an-der-Ruhr, Germany
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19
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Lee J, Brewster JT, Song B, Lynch VM, Hwang I, Li X, Sessler JL. Uranyl dication mediated photoswitching of a calix[4]pyrrole-based metal coordination cage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9422-9425. [PMID: 30079408 PMCID: PMC6128147 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05160g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A set of self-assembled tri- and tetrapodal metal coordination cage structures (cage-1 and cage-2, respectively) constructed from the uranyl dication (UO22+) and a dibenzoic acid functionalised cis-calix[4]pyrrole (1) are described. The inherent photochemical reactivity of the uranyl dication mediates the transformation of cage-1 to cage-2via the activation of molecular oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, TX78712-1224, USA,
| | - James T. Brewster
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, TX78712-1224, USA,
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL33620, USA
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, TX78712-1224, USA,
| | - Inhong Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, TX78712-1224, USA,
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL33620, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, TX78712-1224, USA,
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20
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Maria L, Santos IC, Santos I. Uranium(iii) complexes supported by hydrobis(mercaptoimidazolyl)borates: synthesis and oxidation chemistry. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10601-10612. [PMID: 29790539 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01149d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of [UI3(thf)4] with the sodium or lithium salts of hydrobis(2-mercapto-1-methylimidazolyl)borate ligands ([H(R)B(timMe)2]-) in a 1 : 2 ratio, in tetrahydrofuran, gave the U(iii) complexes [UI{κ3-H,S,S'-H(R)B(timMe)2}2(thf)2] (R = H (1), Ph (2)) in good yields. Crystals of [UI{κ3-H,S,S'-H(Ph)B(timMe)2}2(thf)2] (2) were obtained by recrystallization from a tetrahydrofuran/acetonitrile solution, and the ion-separated uranium complex [U{κ3-H,S,S'-H(Ph)B(timMe)2}2(CH3CN)3][I] (3-I) was obtained by dissolution of 2 in acetonitrile followed by recrystallization. One-electron oxidation of 2 with AgBPh4 or I2 resulted in the formation of the cationic U(iv) complexes [U{κ3-H,S,S'-H(Ph)B(timMe)2}3][X] (X = BPh4 (6-BPh4), I (6-I)), due to a ligand redistribution process. These complexes are the first examples of homoleptic poly(azolyl)borate U(iv) complexes. Treatment of complex 2 with azobenzene led to the isolation of crystals of the U(iv) compound [UI{κ3-H(Ph)B(timMe)2}2(κ2-timMe)] (7). Treatment of 2 with pyridine-N oxide (pyNO) led to the formation of the uranyl complex [UO2{κ2-S,S'-H(Ph)B(timMe)2}2] (8) and of complex 6-I, while from the reaction of [U{κ3-H(Ph)B(timMe)2}2(thf)3][BPh4] (5) with pyNO, the oxo-bridged U(iv) complex [{U{κ3-H(Ph)B(timMe)2}2(pyNO)}2(μ-O)][BPh4]2 (9) was also obtained. In the U(iii) and U(iv) complexes, the bis(azolyl)borate ligands bind to the uranium center in a κ3-H,S,S' coordination mode, while in the U(vi) complex the ligands bind to the metal in a κ2-S,S' mode. The presence of UH-B interactions in the solid-state, for the nine-coordinate complexes 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7 and for the eight-coordinate complex 9, was supported by IR spectroscopy and/or X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Maria
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
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21
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The role of uranium–arene bonding in H2O reduction catalysis. Nat Chem 2017; 10:259-267. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Gardner BM, Kefalidis CE, Lu E, Patel D, McInnes EJL, Tuna F, Wooles AJ, Maron L, Liddle ST. Evidence for single metal two electron oxidative addition and reductive elimination at uranium. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1898. [PMID: 29196691 PMCID: PMC5711956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible single-metal two-electron oxidative addition and reductive elimination are common fundamental reactions for transition metals that underpin major catalytic transformations. However, these reactions have never been observed together in the f-block because these metals exhibit irreversible one- or multi-electron oxidation or reduction reactions. Here we report that azobenzene oxidises sterically and electronically unsaturated uranium(III) complexes to afford a uranium(V)-imido complex in a reaction that satisfies all criteria of a single-metal two-electron oxidative addition. Thermolysis of this complex promotes extrusion of azobenzene, where H-/D-isotopic labelling finds no isotopomer cross-over and the non-reactivity of a nitrene-trap suggests that nitrenes are not generated and thus a reductive elimination has occurred. Though not optimally balanced in this case, this work presents evidence that classical d-block redox chemistry can be performed reversibly by f-block metals, and that uranium can thus mimic elementary transition metal reactivity, which may lead to the discovery of new f-block catalysis. The reactivity of f-block complexes is primarily defined by single-electron oxidations and σ-bond metathesis. Here, Liddle and co-workers provide evidence that a uranium complex can undergo reversible oxidative addition and reductive elimination, demonstrating transition metal-like reactivity within f-block chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict M Gardner
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Christos E Kefalidis
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Erli Lu
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Dipti Patel
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Eric J L McInnes
- EPSRC National UK EPR Facility, School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Floriana Tuna
- EPSRC National UK EPR Facility, School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse, 31077, France.
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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23
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Coughlin EJ, Zeller M, Bart SC. Neodymium(III) Complexes Capable of Multi-Electron Redox Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12142-12145. [PMID: 28763142 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A family of neodymium complexes featuring a redox-active ligand in three different oxidation states has been synthesized, including the iminoquinone (L0 ) derivative, (dipp iq)2 NdI3 (1-iq), the iminosemiquinone (L1- ) compound, (dipp isq)2 NdI(THF) (1-isq), and the amidophenolate (L2- ) [K(THF)2 ][(dipp ap)2 Nd(THF)2 ] (1-ap) and [K(18-crown-6)][(dipp ap)2 Nd(THF)2 ] (1-ap crown) species. Full spectroscopic and structural characterization of each derivative established the +3 neodymium oxidation state with redox chemistry occurring at the ligand rather than the neodymium center. Oxidation with elemental chalcogens showed the reversible nature of the ligand-mediated reduction process, forming the iminosemiquinone metallocycles, [K(18-crown-6)][(dipp isq)2 Nd(S5 )] (2-isq crown) and [K(18-crown-6)(THF)][(dipp isq)2 Nd(Se5 )] (3-isq crown), which are characterized to contain a 6-membered twist-boat ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra J Coughlin
- H.C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- H.C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Suzanne C Bart
- H.C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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24
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Coughlin EJ, Zeller M, Bart SC. Neodymium(III) Complexes Capable of Multi‐Electron Redox Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ezra J. Coughlin
- H.C. Brown Laboratory Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- H.C. Brown Laboratory Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Suzanne C. Bart
- H.C. Brown Laboratory Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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25
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Fortier S, Aguilar-Calderón JR, Vlaisavljevich B, Metta-Magaña AJ, Goos AG, Botez CE. An N-Tethered Uranium(III) Arene Complex and the Synthesis of an Unsupported U–Fe Bond. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bess Vlaisavljevich
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
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26
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Ortu F, Formanuik A, Innes JR, Mills DP. New vistas in the molecular chemistry of thorium: low oxidation state complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 45:7537-49. [PMID: 27094204 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01111j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the molecular chemistry of thorium is dominated by the +4 oxidation state accounts of Th(iii) complexes have continued to increase in frequency since the first structurally characterised example was reported thirty years ago. The isolation of the first Th(ii) complexes in 2015 and exciting recent Th(iii) and Th(ii) reactivity studies both indicate that this long-neglected area is set to undergo a rapid expansion in research activity over the next decade, as previously seen since the turn of the millennium for analogous U(iii) small molecule activation chemistry. In this perspective article, we review synthetic routes to Th(iii) and Th(ii) complexes and summarise their distinctive physical properties. We provide a near-chronological discussion of these systems, focusing on structurally characterised examples, and cover complementary theoretical studies that rationalise electronic structures. All reactivity studies of Th(iii) and Th(ii) complexes that have been reported to date are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ortu
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Alasdair Formanuik
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - James R Innes
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - David P Mills
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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27
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Garner ME, Arnold J. Reductive Elimination of Diphosphine from a Thorium–NHC–Bis(phosphido) Complex. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. Garner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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28
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Arnold PL, Turner ZR. Carbon oxygenate transformations by actinide compounds and catalysts. Nat Rev Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-016-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Formanuik A, Ortu F, Inman CJ, Kerridge A, Castro L, Maron L, Mills DP. Concomitant Carboxylate and Oxalate Formation From the Activation of CO 2 by a Thorium(III) Complex. Chemistry 2016; 22:17976-17979. [PMID: 27714966 PMCID: PMC5215673 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Improving our comprehension of diverse CO2 activation pathways is of vital importance for the widespread future utilization of this abundant greenhouse gas. CO2 activation by uranium(III) complexes is now relatively well understood, with oxo/carbonate formation predominating as CO2 is readily reduced to CO, but isolated thorium(III) CO2 activation is unprecedented. We show that the thorium(III) complex, [Th(Cp′′)3] (1, Cp′′={C5H3(SiMe3)2‐1,3}), reacts with CO2 to give the mixed oxalate‐carboxylate thorium(IV) complex [{Th(Cp′′)2[κ2‐O2C{C5H3‐3,3′‐(SiMe3)2}]}2(μ‐κ2:κ2‐C2O4)] (3). The concomitant formation of oxalate and carboxylate is unique for CO2 activation, as in previous examples either reduction or insertion is favored to yield a single product. Therefore, thorium(III) CO2 activation can differ from better understood uranium(III) chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair Formanuik
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Fabrizio Ortu
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Christopher J Inman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QL, UK
| | - Andrew Kerridge
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Ludovic Castro
- LPCNO, CNRA and INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangeuil, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRA and INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangeuil, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - David P Mills
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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Herasymchuk K, Chiang L, Hayes CE, Brown ML, Ovens JS, Patrick BO, Leznoff DB, Storr T. Synthesis and electronic structure determination of uranium(vi) ligand radical complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:12576-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02089e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pentagonal bipyramidal uranyl (UO22+) complexes of salen ligands were prepared and the electronic structure of the one-electron oxidized species[1a–c]+were investigated in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linus Chiang
- Department of Chemistry
- Simon Fraser University
- Burnaby
- Canada
| | | | | | | | - Brian O. Patrick
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | | | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry
- Simon Fraser University
- Burnaby
- Canada
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31
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CH Bond Activation of Hydrocarbons Mediated by Rare-Earth Metals and Actinides. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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