1
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Borah BP, Majumder S, Nath PP, Choudhury AK, Bhuyan J. Pyrazine-bridged cobalt porphyrin: characterization, unique crystal structure and computational studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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2
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Borah KD, Yamang H, Singh NG, Bhuyan J. Quest for Zinc Methoxyisoporphyrin Molecules: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Devi Borah
- Department of Chemistry North Eastern Institute of Science and Technology Nirjuli Arunachal Pradesh 791101
| | - Hano Yamang
- Department of Chemistry North Eastern Institute of Science and Technology Nirjuli Arunachal Pradesh 791101
| | - N. Ghanashyam Singh
- Department of Chemistry North Eastern Institute of Science and Technology Nirjuli Arunachal Pradesh 791101
| | - Jagannath Bhuyan
- Department of Chemistry North Eastern Institute of Science and Technology Nirjuli Arunachal Pradesh 791101
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3
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Drzewiecka-Matuszek A, Rutkowska-Zbik D. Application of TD-DFT Theory to Studying Porphyrinoid-Based Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:7176. [PMID: 34885763 PMCID: PMC8658767 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An important focus for innovation in photodynamic therapy (PDT) is theoretical investigations. They employ mostly methods based on Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) to study the photochemical properties of photosensitizers. In the current article we review the existing state-of-the-art TD-DFT methods (and beyond) which are employed to study the properties of porphyrinoid-based systems. The review is organized in such a way that each paragraph is devoted to a separate aspect of the PDT mechanism, e.g., correct prediction of the absorption spectra, determination of the singlet-triplet intersystem crossing, and interaction with molecular oxygen. Aspects of the calculation schemes are discussed, such as the choice of the most suitable functional and inclusion of a solvent. Finally, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methods used to explore the photochemistry of porphyrinoid-based systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorota Rutkowska-Zbik
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
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4
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Baş Ç, Krumsieck J, Möller W, Körner D, Bröring M. Zinc- and Cadmium meso-Aryl-Isoporphyrins: Non-Aromatic NIR Dyes with Distinct Conformational Features. Chemistry 2021; 27:8021-8029. [PMID: 33826188 PMCID: PMC8252505 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrrolyl and dipyrrinyl isoporphyrins carrying different phenyl and thienyl groups is reported. The compounds are obtained by a one-pot approach in the presence of a template reagent. Thienyl derivatives gave better yields, and were the only subclass to form with steric hindrance. The structural analyses carried out on compounds 1 and 14 revealed distinct conformational differences which are likely to result from an intramolecular NH… Cl hydrogen bridge of the pyrrolyl subclass. In addition, this hydrogen bridge strongly favors one of the two possible atropisomers. Hindered rotation of the meso-aryl groups is observed only in the cases of methylbenzothienyl derivatives 10 and 15 and leads to the observation of several diastereomers. NIR absorptions up to 923 nm are found throughout. Electrochemical investigations into the 1e- and 2e- reduced species unravel axial ligand exchange dynamics for the zinc isoporphyrin radical, and the probable formation of a zinc phlorinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağla Baş
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTU BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Jens Krumsieck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTU BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - William‐Dale Möller
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTU BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Dominik Körner
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTU BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Martin Bröring
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTU BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
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5
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Borah BP, Majumder S, Borah KD, Bhuyan J. The quest for a better understanding of ethanol coordination to magnesium and zinc porphyrin: A combined experimental and theoretical study. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Li C, Li Q, Shao J, Tong Z, Ishida M, Baryshnikov G, Ågren H, Furuta H, Xie Y. Expanded N-Confused Phlorin: A Platform for a Multiply Fused Polycyclic Ring System via Oxidation within the Macrocycle. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17195-17205. [PMID: 32985886 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel interrupted π-conjugated macrocycles derived from expanded porphyrinoids were synthesized, and their unique reactivity was investigated in this work. The specific porphyrin analogs, so-called phlorins and isoporphyrins, possess a meso-sp3 methylene moiety, showing inner 3NH and 1NH pyrrolic cores, respectively, and extended near-infrared (NIR) absorption. Expanded N-confused pentapyrrolic phlorin analog 1 bears an interrupted cyclic π-conjugated system that is featured by a distinct higher HOMO and a lower LUMO. Oxidation of 1 allowed structural transformations through the expanded isoporphyrin-like species 2. One of the representative products is a spiro-carbon-bridged multiply N-fused product 3 comprising a fused [5.6.5.7.6.5]-hexacyclic ring obtained by oxidation with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone. When magic blue was used as the oxidant, an aromatic N-confused pentaphyrin 4 was obtained via migration of one of the meso-phenyl groups to the β-position of the neighboring pyrrolic ring. By employing the flexible cavity of 1 for metal coordination, Pd(II) complexation occurred with a specific meso oxygenation to give a bimetallic complex 5. In contrast to the rich oxidation reactions, reduction of 1 with NaBH4 resulted in the regioselective nucleophilic hydrogen substitution reaction at the para position of one of the meso-C6F5 groups. These results provide a practical approach for synthesizing novel interrupted or aromatic π-conjugated frameworks showing NIR absorptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qizhao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiewei Shao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhangfa Tong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Biology School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Biology School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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7
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Gamm P, Sheridan MV, Van Wyck SJ, Meindl A, Senge MO, Geiger WE. Ethynylphenyl-Derivatized Free Base Porphyrins: Anodic Oxidation Processes and Covalent Grafting onto Glassy Carbon Electrodes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:96-108. [PMID: 31847520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In six of seven cases, direct anodic oxidation of the ethynyl group of an ethynylphenyl-derivatized free-base porphyrin gave modified glassy carbon electrodes in which the porphyrin was strongly surface-bound, most likely in a perpendicular geometry through covalent attachment of the ethynyl group to a surface carbon atom. The porphyrins each contained an ethynylphenyl group in one meso position and varied in the groups present in the other three meso positions. Electrografted 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(ethynylphenyl)porphyrin, H21, which has ethynyl moieties in all four meso positions, has well-defined surface voltammetry and grows to multilayer levels upon repeated cyclic voltammetry (CV) deposition scans. Multilayering was not observed to the same degree for monoethynylphenyl-substituted porphyrins and became progressively less for porphyrins having groups in the 15-meso position that were more protective against ethynyl radical attack. Clean molecular monolayer-level coverage was observed for 5-ethynylphenyl-10,20-bis(3-methoxyphenyl)-15-hexylporphyrin, H25. Owing to the fact that the ethynyl oxidation potential (1.1 to 1.5 V vs ferrocene) is more positive than that of the second macrocycle oxidation, the longevities and follow-up reactions of the porphyrin dications were also studied by CV, chemical oxidation, and optical spectroscopy in homogeneous solution. The primary follow-up products of the doubly oxidized porphyrins, whether surface-bound or in solution, were pyrrole-protonated species that were easily reduced back to the neutral porphyrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gamm
- Department of Chemistry , University of Vermont , Burlington , Vermont 05405 , United States
| | - Matthew V Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Vermont , Burlington , Vermont 05405 , United States
| | - Stephen J Van Wyck
- Department of Chemistry , University of Vermont , Burlington , Vermont 05405 , United States
| | - Alima Meindl
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin , University of Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin , University of Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - William E Geiger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Vermont , Burlington , Vermont 05405 , United States
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8
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Borah KD, Bhuyan J. Methoxy-isoporphyrins of water-soluble porphyrins: synthesis, characterization and electrochemical properties. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1654092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Devi Borah
- Department of Chemistry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology (NERIST), Nirjuli, India
| | - Jagannath Bhuyan
- Department of Chemistry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology (NERIST), Nirjuli, India
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9
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Ehudin MA, Senft L, Franke A, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Karlin KD. Formation and Reactivity of New Isoporphyrins: Implications for Understanding the Tyr-His Cross-Link Cofactor Biogenesis in Cytochrome c Oxidase. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10632-10643. [PMID: 31150209 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) catalyzes the reduction of dioxygen to water utilizing a heterobinuclear active site composed of a heme moiety and a mononuclear copper center coordinated to three histidine residues, one of which is covalently cross-linked to a tyrosine residue via a post-translational modification (PTM). Although this tyrosine-histidine moiety has functional and structural importance, the pathway behind this net oxidative C-N bond coupling is still unknown. A novel route employing an iron(III) meso-substituted isoporphyrin derivative, isoelectronic with Cmpd-I ((Por•+)FeIV═O), is for the first time proposed to be a key intermediate in the Tyr-His cofactor biogenesis. Newly synthesized iron(III) meso-substituted isoporphyrins were prepared with azide, cyanide, and substituted imidazole functionalities, by adding nucleophiles to an iron(III) π-dication species formed via addition of trifluoroacetic acid to F8Cmpd-I (F8 = (tetrakis(2,6-difluorophenyl)porphyrinate)). Isoporphyrin derivatives were characterized at cryogenic temperatures via ESI-MS and UV-vis, 2H NMR, and EPR spectroscopies. Addition of 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene or 4-methoxyphenol to the imidazole-substituted isoporphyrin led to formation of the organic product containing the imidazole coupled to aromatic substrate via a new C-N bond, as detected via cryo-ESI-MS. Experimental evidence for the formation of an imidazole-substituted isoporphyrin and its promising reactivity to form the imidazole-phenol coupled product yields viability to the herein proposed pathway behind the PTM (i.e., biogenesis) leading to the key covalent Tyr-His cross-link in CcO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Ehudin
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Laura Senft
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Alicja Franke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Ivana Ivanović-Burmazović
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Kenneth D Karlin
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
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Boudiaf M, Liang Y, Lamare R, Weiss J, Ibrahim H, Goldmann M, Bentouhami E, Badets V, Choua S, Le Breton N, Bonnefont A, Ruhlmann L. Stable isoporphyrin copolymer: Electrochemical mechanism and behavior and photovoltaic properties. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Franzke YJ, Sundholm D, Weigend F. Calculations of current densities and aromatic pathways in cyclic porphyrin and isoporphyrin arrays. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:12794-12803. [PMID: 28484758 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00624a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetically induced current density susceptibilities have been studied for a number of cyclic ethyne- and butadiyne-bridged porphyrin and isoporphyrin arrays. The current density susceptibilities have been calculated using the gauge-including magnetically induced current (GIMIC) method, which is interfaced to the TURBOMOLE quantum chemistry code. Aromatic properties and current pathways have been analyzed and discussed by numerical integration of the current density susceptibilities passing selected chemical bonds yielding current strength susceptibilities. Despite the interrupted π-framework, zinc(ii) isoporphyrin sustains a ring current of ca. 10 nA T-1. Porphyrin and isoporphyrin dimers sustain a significant current strength at the linker, whereas the larger porphyrinoid arrays sustain mainly local ring currents. Isoporphyrin dimers with saturated meso carbons have strong net diatropic ring-current strengths of 20 nA T-1 fulfilling Hückels aromaticity rule. Porphyrin trimers and tetramers exhibit almost no current strength at the linker. The porphyrin moieties maintain their strong net diatropic ring current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick J Franzke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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12
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Abstract
A review on the chemistry of magnesium porphyrins, which have significant interest owing to the relevance to chlorophyll molecules, is presented with emphasis on bicarbonate adducts of magnesium porphyrin and chlorophyll.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Devi Borah
- Department of Chemistry
- North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology
- Nirjuli
- India
| | - Jagannath Bhuyan
- Department of Chemistry
- North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology
- Nirjuli
- India
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13
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Abstract
Beryllium subphthalocyanines have been recently shown to be suitable candidates for photochemical devices if combined with appropriate donor systems. The ability of beryllium subphthalocyanines to self-assemble is explored for the first time by means of density functional theory calculations. Free dimers of beryllium subphtalocyanine and their corresponding complexes with water and pyridine are computed at the wB97X-D/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory. In contrast with the behavior reported for beryllium phthalocyanines, for beryllium subphtalocyanines, beryllium–aza–nitrogen intermolecular interactions are observed, suggesting that these species are likely to self-assemble. Aggregates of related structures such as beryllium subporphyrazines with axial groups confirm the importance of hydrogen bonds in the stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Merced Montero-Campillo
- Departmento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departmento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Otilia Mó
- Departmento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departmento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Yáñez
- Departmento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departmento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Schweyen P, Hoffmann M, Krumsieck J, Wolfram B, Xie X, Bröring M. Metallvermittelte Eintopfsynthese von Isoporphyrin-Komplexen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schweyen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Martin Hoffmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Jens Krumsieck
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Benedikt Wolfram
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Xiulan Xie
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 35032 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Martin Bröring
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
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15
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Schweyen P, Hoffmann M, Krumsieck J, Wolfram B, Xie X, Bröring M. Metal-Assisted One-Pot Synthesis of Isoporphyrin Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10118-21. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schweyen
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Martin Hoffmann
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Jens Krumsieck
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Benedikt Wolfram
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Xiulan Xie
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Martin Bröring
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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Hoffmann M, Cordes B, Kleeberg C, Schweyen P, Wolfram B, Bröring M. Template Synthesis of Alkyl‐Substituted Metal Isocorroles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hoffmann
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTU BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Birte Cordes
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTU BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Christian Kleeberg
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTU BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Peter Schweyen
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTU BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Benedikt Wolfram
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTU BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Martin Bröring
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTU BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
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Abstract
The reactions of iron(III) hydroxyisoporphyrin, chloro[5-(hydroxy)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-methyl)-5,21H-porphinato]iron(III) [Fe(4-Me-HTPI)(Cl)](-), 1 and chloro[5-(hydroxy)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-methoxy-5,21H-porphinato]iron(III) [Fe(4-OMe-HTPI)(Cl)](-), 2 with different O(-), N(-) and S(-) nucleophiles have been performed to understand the reactivity of iron isoporphyrins with nucleophiles. The treatment of iron(III) hydroxy isoporphyrin with alcohols is found to form ring opened 19-benzoyl-1-alkoxy-bilin iron complexes. When alkyl amines were used the formation of ring opened 19-benzoyl-1-alkylamine-bilin iron complexes was observed, but heterocyclic N-nucleophiles such as pyridine and imidazole form benzoyl bilinone iron complexes. No role of oxygen was found in these nucleophilic ring opening reactions. The treatment of a S-nucleophile such as PhSH is found to reduce iron(III)-hydroxyisoporphyrin in the parent iron(III) porphyrin compound. The ring opening products were characterized using electronic and ESI-mass spectroscopy. The mechanism for the formation of ring opening products is based on the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate at the carbon atom near the saturated meso carbon atom similar to the hydrolytic pathway of verdoheme conversion to biliverdin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagannath Bhuyan
- Department of Chemistry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh-791109, India.
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