1
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Green KA, Honeycutt AP, Ciccone SR, Grice KA, Baur A, Petersen JL, Hoover JM. A Redox Transmetalation Step in Nickel-Catalyzed C-C Coupling Reactions. ACS Catal 2023; 13:6375-6381. [PMID: 37180967 PMCID: PMC10167653 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ni-catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions are becoming efficient routes to access a variety of functionalized arenes, yet the mechanisms of these catalytic C-C coupling reactions are not well understood. Here, we report the catalytic and stoichiometric arylation reactions of a nickel(II) metallacycle. Treatment of this species with silver(I)-aryl complexes results in facile arylation, consistent with a redox transmetalation step. Additionally, treatment with electrophilic coupling partners generates C-C and C-S bonds. We anticipate that this redox transmetalation step may be relevant to other coupling reactions that employ silver salts as additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry-Ann Green
- C.
Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Aaron P. Honeycutt
- C.
Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Sierra R. Ciccone
- C.
Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Kyle A. Grice
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois 60614, United States
| | - Andreas Baur
- C.
Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Petersen
- C.
Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Jessica M. Hoover
- C.
Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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2
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The once-elusive Ni(IV) species is now a potent candidate for challenging organic transformations. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Shreiber ST, Amin F, Schäfer SA, Cramer RE, Klein A, Vicic DA. Synthesis, structure, and electrochemical properties of [LNi(R f)(C 4F 8)] - and [LNi(R f) 3] - complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5515-5523. [PMID: 35297937 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00511e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The new anionic nickelate complexes [(MeCN)Ni(C4F8)(CF3)]-, [(MeCN)Ni(C4F8)(C2F5)]-, [(IMes)Ni(C4F8)(CF3)]-, [(IMes)Ni(CF3)3]- (IMes = 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene), and [(F-NHC)Ni(Rf)3]- (F-NHC = 1,3-bis(2,4-F2Ph), 2,4,6-F3Ph- or 3,4,5-F3Ph)imidazol-2-ylidene; (Rf = CF3 or C2F5) were synthesized and structurally characterized. The electrochemical properties of all new compounds were revealed by cyclic voltammetry studies and compared to the known CF3 analogue [(MeCN)Ni(CF3)3]-. The IMes-coordinated complexes exhibited initial oxidation events that were well-separated from a second oxidation process in the cyclic voltammograms. The complexes containing F-substituted NHC ligands [(F-NHC)Ni(CF3)3]- are structurally quite similar to the IMes derivative and reveal also two separated oxidation waves in their cyclic voltammograms. The absolute potentials as well as the separation between the two waves vary with the substitution pattern, suggesting that the NHC ligand environment (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) is an interesting platform for the development of new redox-triggered reactions that release trifluoromethyl and perfluoroalkyl radicals upon oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Shreiber
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
| | - Fatema Amin
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
| | - Sascha A Schäfer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Koeln, Germany.
| | - Roger E Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - Axel Klein
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Koeln, Germany.
| | - David A Vicic
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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4
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Xue T, Cramer RE, Vicic DA. Access to Perfluorometallacyclopentane Complexes of Cobalt through the [(MeCN)4Co(C4F8)][PF6] Precursor. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Ave, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Roger E. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - David A. Vicic
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Ave, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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5
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Fuchigami K, Watson MB, Tran GN, Rath NP, Mirica LM. Synthesis and Reactivity of (N2P2)Ni Complexes Stabilized by a Diphosphonite Pyridinophane Ligand. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Fuchigami
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Michael B. Watson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Giang N. Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nigam P. Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121-4400, United States
| | - Liviu M. Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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6
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Le Vaillant F, Reijerse EJ, Leutzsch M, Cornella J. Dialkyl Ether Formation at High-Valent Nickel. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19540-19550. [PMID: 33143423 PMCID: PMC7677934 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we investigated the I2-promoted cyclic dialkyl ether formation from 6-membered oxanickelacycles originally reported by Hillhouse. A detailed mechanistic investigation based on spectroscopic and crystallographic analysis revealed that a putative reductive elimination to forge C(sp3)-OC(sp3) using I2 might not be operative. We isolated a paramagnetic bimetallic NiIII intermediate featuring a unique Ni2(OR)2 (OR = alkoxide) diamond-like core complemented by a μ-iodo bridge between the two Ni centers, which remains stable at low temperatures, thus permitting its characterization by NMR, EPR, X-ray, and HRMS. At higher temperatures (>-10 °C), such bimetallic intermediate thermally decomposes to afford large amounts of elimination products together with iodoalkanols. Observation of the latter suggests that a C(sp3)-I bond reductive elimination occurs preferentially to any other challenging C-O bond reductive elimination. Formation of cyclized THF rings is then believed to occur through cyclization of an alcohol/alkoxide to the recently forged C(sp3)-I bond. The results of this article indicate that the use of F+ oxidants permits the challenging C(sp3)-OC(sp3) bond formation at a high-valent nickel center to proceed in good yields while minimizing deleterious elimination reactions. Preliminary investigations suggest the involvement of a high-valent bimetallic NiIII intermediate which rapidly extrudes the C-O bond product at remarkably low temperatures. The new set of conditions permitted the elusive synthesis of diethyl ether through reductive elimination, a remarkable feature currently beyond the scope of Ni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Le Vaillant
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Edward J. Reijerse
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34−36, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
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7
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Xue T, Vicic DA. Routes to Acetonitrile-Supported Trifluoromethyl and Perfluorometallacyclopentane Complexes of Cobalt. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - David A. Vicic
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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8
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Shreiber ST, DiMucci IM, Khrizanforov MN, Titus CJ, Nordlund D, Dudkina Y, Cramer RE, Budnikova Y, Lancaster KM, Vicic DA. [(MeCN)Ni(CF 3) 3] - and [Ni(CF 3) 4] 2-: Foundations toward the Development of Trifluoromethylations at Unsupported Nickel. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9143-9151. [PMID: 32573210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nickel anions [(MeCN)Ni(CF3)3]- and [Ni(CF3)4]2- were prepared by the formal addition of 3 and 4 equiv, respectively, of AgCF3 to [(dme)NiBr2] in the presence of the [PPh4]+ counterion. Detailed insights into the electronic properties of these new compounds were obtained through the use of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, spectroscopy-oriented configuration interaction (SORCI) calculations, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The data collectively show that trifluoromethyl complexes of nickel, even in the most common oxidation state of nickel(II), are highly covalent systems whereby a hole is distributed on the trifluoromethyl ligands, surprisingly rendering the metal to a physically more reduced state. In the cases of [(MeCN)Ni(CF3)3]- and [Ni(CF3)4]2-, these complexes are better physically described as d9 metal complexes. [(MeCN)Ni(CF3)3]- is electrophilic and reacts with other nucleophiles such as phenoxide to yield the unsupported [(PhO)Ni(CF3)3]2- salt, revealing the broader potential of [(MeCN)Ni(CF3)3]- in the development of "ligandless" trifluoromethylations at nickel. Proof-in-principle experiments show that the reaction of [(MeCN)Ni(CF3)3]- with an aryl iodonium salt yields trifluoromethylated arene, presumably via a high-valent, unsupported, and formal organonickel(IV) intermediate. Evidence of the feasibility of such intermediates is provided with the structurally characterized [PPh4]2[Ni(CF3)4(SO4)], which was derived through the two-electron oxidation of [Ni(CF3)4]2-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Shreiber
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Ida M DiMucci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mikhail N Khrizanforov
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Charles J Titus
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Yulia Dudkina
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Roger E Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Yulia Budnikova
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - David A Vicic
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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9
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Nebra N. High-Valent Ni III and Ni IV Species Relevant to C-C and C-Heteroatom Cross-Coupling Reactions: State of the Art. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051141. [PMID: 32143336 PMCID: PMC7179250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ni catalysis constitutes an active research arena with notable applications in diverse fields. By analogy with its parent element palladium, Ni catalysts provide an appealing entry to build molecular complexity via cross-coupling reactions. While Pd catalysts typically involve a M0/MII redox scenario, in the case of Ni congeners the mechanistic elucidation becomes more challenging due to their innate properties (like enhanced reactivity, propensity to undergo single electron transformations vs. 2e− redox sequences or weaker M–Ligand interaction). In recent years, mechanistic studies have demonstrated the participation of high-valent NiIII and NiIV species in a plethora of cross-coupling events, thus accessing novel synthetic schemes and unprecedented transformations. This comprehensive review collects the main contributions effected within this topic, and focuses on the key role of isolated and/or spectroscopically identified NiIII and NiIV complexes. Amongst other transformations, the resulting NiIII and NiIV compounds have efficiently accomplished: i) C–C and C–heteroatom bond formation; ii) C–H bond functionalization; and iii) N–N and C–N cyclizative couplings to forge heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Nebra
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
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10
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Haiduc I. Review. Inverse coordination. Organic nitrogen heterocycles as coordination centers. A survey of molecular topologies and systematization. Part 2. Six-membered rings. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1670349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ionel Haiduc
- Facultatea de Chimie, Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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11
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Roy P, Bour JR, Kampf JW, Sanford MS. Catalytically Relevant Intermediates in the Ni-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-H and C(sp 3)-H Functionalization of Aminoquinoline Substrates. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17382-17387. [PMID: 31618019 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This Article describes the synthesis and characterization of cyclometalated aminoquinoline NiII σ-aryl and σ-alkyl complexes that have been proposed as key intermediates in Ni-catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions. These NiII complexes serve as competent catalysts for the C-H functionalization of aminoquinoline derivatives with I2. They also react stoichiometrically with I2 to form either aryl iodides or β-lactams within minutes at room temperature. Furthermore, they react with AgI salts at -30 °C to afford isolable five-coordinate NiIII species. The NiIII σ-aryl complexes proved inert toward C(sp2)-I bond-forming reductive elimination under all conditions examined (up to 140 °C in DMF). In contrast, a NiIII σ-alkyl analogue underwent C(sp3)-N bond-forming reductive elimination at 140 °C in DMF to afford a β-lactam product. However, despite the ability of this latter NiIII species to participate in stoichiometric product formation, the complex was not a competent catalyst for β-lactam formation. Overall, these results suggest against the intermediacy of NiIII species in these C-H functionalization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pronay Roy
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - James R Bour
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Jeff W Kampf
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
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12
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Smith SM, Rath NP, Mirica LM. Axial Donor Effects on Oxidatively Induced Ethane Formation from Nickel–Dimethyl Complexes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Nigam P. Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri−St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121-4400, United States
| | - Liviu M. Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
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13
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Shreiber ST, Scudder JJ, Vicic DA. [(MeCN)3Co(C2F5)3]: A Versatile Precursor to Cobalt(III) Perfluoroethyl Complexes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott T. Shreiber
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - John J. Scudder
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - David A. Vicic
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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14
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Willot J, Lugan N, Valyaev DA. Binuclear Cu(I) and Mn(0) Complexes with a Tridentate Pyridine-NHC-Phosphane Ligand in a µ-κ2
Ĉ,N
-M;κ1
P
-M Coordination Mode. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Willot
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse; CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse; CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Dmitry A. Valyaev
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse; CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
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15
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Peng K, Friedrich A, Schatzschneider U. 2,2':6',2''-Terpyridine switches from tridentate to monodentate coordination in a gold(iii) terpy complex upon reaction with sodium azide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8142-8145. [PMID: 31240290 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04113c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of [AuCl(terpy-κ3-N1,1',1'')]Cl2 with an excess of sodium azide did not result in the expected exchange of the chlorido by an azido ligand to give [Au(N3)(terpy-κ3-N1,1',1'')]2+. Instead, X-ray structure analysis showed that the isolated product is [Au(N3)3(terpy-κ1-N1)], in which the terpyridine ligand is in a very rare monodentate coordination mode. This is also the dominant species in solution, together with a minor amount of [Au(N3)2(terpy-κ2-N1,1')]+. The stability of the tris(azido)gold(iii) moiety relative to other possible species was also confirmed by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Peng
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Schatzschneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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16
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Bour JR, Ferguson DM, McClain EJ, Kampf JW, Sanford MS. Connecting Organometallic Ni(III) and Ni(IV): Reactions of Carbon-Centered Radicals with High-Valent Organonickel Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8914-8920. [PMID: 31136162 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the one-electron interconversions of isolable NiIII and NiIV complexes through their reactions with carbon-centered radicals (R•). First, model NiIII complexes are shown to react with alkyl and aryl radicals to afford NiIV products. Preliminary mechanistic studies implicate a pathway involving direct addition of a carbon-centered radical to the NiIII center. This is directly analogous to the known reactivity of NiII complexes with R•, a step that is commonly implicated in catalysis. Second, a NiIV-CH3 complex is shown to react with aryl and alkyl radicals to afford C-C bonds via a proposed SH2-type mechanism. This pathway is leveraged to enable challenging H3C-CF3 bond formation under mild conditions. Overall, these investigations suggest that NiII/III/IV sequences may be viable redox pathways in high-oxidation-state nickel catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Bour
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Devin M Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Edward J McClain
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Jeff W Kampf
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
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17
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Yang Y, Zhou Q, Cai J, Xue T, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Su Y, Chung L, Vicic DA. Exploiting the trifluoroethyl group as a precatalyst ligand in nickel-catalyzed Suzuki-type alkylations. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5275-5282. [PMID: 31191883 PMCID: PMC6540912 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00554d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report herein the exploitment of the partially fluorinated trifluoroethyl as precatalyst ligands in nickel-catalyzed Suzuki-type alkylation and fluoroalkylation coupling reactions. Compared with the [L n NiII(aryl)(X)] precatalysts, the unique characters of bis-trifluoroethyl ligands imparted precatalyst [(bipy)Ni(CH2CF3)2] with bench-top stability, good solubilities in organic media and interesting catalytic activities. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that an eliminative extrusion of a vinylidene difluoride (VDF, CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]CF2) mask from [(bipy)Ni(CH2CF3)2] is a critical step for the initiation of a catalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan , School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Sichuan University of Science & Engineering , 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu , Zigong , Sichuan 643000 , China .
| | - Qinghai Zhou
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China .
| | - Junjie Cai
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan , School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Sichuan University of Science & Engineering , 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu , Zigong , Sichuan 643000 , China .
| | - Teng Xue
- Department of Chemistry , Lehigh University , 6 E. Packer Ave. , Bethlehem , PA 18015 , USA .
| | - Yingle Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan , School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Sichuan University of Science & Engineering , 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu , Zigong , Sichuan 643000 , China .
| | - Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan , School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Sichuan University of Science & Engineering , 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu , Zigong , Sichuan 643000 , China .
| | - Yumei Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan , School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Sichuan University of Science & Engineering , 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu , Zigong , Sichuan 643000 , China .
| | - Lungwa Chung
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China .
| | - David A Vicic
- Department of Chemistry , Lehigh University , 6 E. Packer Ave. , Bethlehem , PA 18015 , USA .
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18
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Andrews RJ, Chitnis SS, Stephan DW. Carbonyl and olefin hydrosilylation mediated by an air-stable phosphorus(iii) dication under mild conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5599-5602. [PMID: 31020971 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02460c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The readily-accessible, air-stable Lewis acid [(terpy)PPh][B(C6F5)4]21 is shown to mediate the hydrosilylation of aldehydes, ketones, and olefins. The utility and mechanism of these hydrosilylations are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
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19
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Kosobokov MD, Sandleben A, Vogt N, Klein A, Vicic DA. Nitrogen–Nitrogen Bond Formation via a Substrate-Bound Anion at a Mononuclear Nickel Platform. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail D. Kosobokov
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Aaron Sandleben
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie,
Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße
6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie,
Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße
6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Axel Klein
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie,
Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße
6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - David A. Vicic
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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20
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21
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Khrizanforov MN, Fedorenko SV, Strekalova SO, Kholin KV, Mustafina AR, Zhilkin MY, Khrizanforova VV, Osin YN, Salnikov VV, Gryaznova TV, Budnikova YH. A Ni(iii) complex stabilized by silica nanoparticles as an efficient nanoheterogeneous catalyst for oxidative C-H fluoroalkylation. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:11976-82. [PMID: 27385649 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01492e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed Ni(III)-doped silica nanoparticles ([(bpy)xNi(III)]@SiO2) as a recyclable, low-leaching, and efficient oxidative functionalization nanocatalyst for aromatic C-H bonds. The catalyst is obtained by doping the complex [(bpy)3Ni(II)] on silica nanoparticles along with its subsequent electrooxidation to [(bpy)xNi(III)] without an additional oxidant. The coupling reaction of arenes with perfluoroheptanoic acid occurs with 100% conversion of reactants in a single step at room temperature under nanoheterogeneous conditions. The catalyst content is only 1% with respect to the substrates under electrochemical regeneration conditions. The catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture and reused a minimum of five times. The results emphasize immobilization on the silica support and the electrochemical regeneration of Ni(III) complexes as a facile route for developing an efficient nanocatalyst for oxidative functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail N Khrizanforov
- A.E.Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Svetlana V Fedorenko
- A.E.Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Sofia O Strekalova
- A.E.Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Kirill V Kholin
- A.E.Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Asiya R Mustafina
- A.E.Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Mikhail Ye Zhilkin
- A.E.Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Vera V Khrizanforova
- A.E.Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Yuri N Osin
- Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya St., Kazan 420018, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim V Salnikov
- Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya St., Kazan 420018, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana V Gryaznova
- A.E.Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Yulia H Budnikova
- A.E.Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation.
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22
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23
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24
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More hydra than Janus – Non-classical coordination modes in complexes of oligopyridine ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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25
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Camasso NM, Canty AJ, Ariafard A, Sanford MS. Experimental and Computational Studies of High-Valent Nickel and Palladium Complexes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Camasso
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Allan J. Canty
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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26
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Chong E, Kampf JW, Ariafard A, Canty AJ, Sanford MS. Oxidatively Induced C-H Activation at High Valent Nickel. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6058-6061. [PMID: 28425702 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This communication describes a series of oxidatively induced intramolecular arene C-H activation reactions of NiII model complexes to yield NiIV σ-aryl products. These reactions proceed within 10 min at room temperature, which represents among the mildest conditions reported for C-H cleavage at a Ni center. A combination of density functional theory and preliminary experimental mechanistic studies implicate a pathway involving initial 2e- oxidation of the NiII starting materials by the F+ transfer reagent N-fluoro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium triflate followed by triflate-assisted C-H cleavage at NiIV to yield the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Chong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jeff W Kampf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Allan J Canty
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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27
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Watson MB, Rath NP, Mirica LM. Oxidative C-C Bond Formation Reactivity of Organometallic Ni(II), Ni(III), and Ni(IV) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 139:35-38. [PMID: 27997181 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of the tridentate ligand 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (Me3tacn) and the cyclic alkyl/aryl C-donor ligand -CH2CMe2-o-C6H4- (cycloneophyl) allows for the synthesis of isolable organometallic NiII, NiIII, and NiIV complexes. Surprisingly, the five-coordinate NiIII complex is stable both in solution and the solid state, and exhibits limited C-C bond formation reactivity. Oxidation by one electron of this NiIII species generates a six-coordinate NiIV complex, with an acetonitrile molecule bound to Ni. Interestingly, illumination of the NiIV complex with blue LEDs results in rapid formation of the cyclic C-C product at room temperature. This reactivity has important implications for the recently developed dual Ni/photoredox catalytic systems proposed to involve high-valent organometallic Ni intermediates. Additional reactivity studies show the corresponding NiII species undergoes oxidative addition with alkyl halides, as well as rapid oxidation by O2, to generate detectable NiIII and/or NiIV intermediates and followed by C-C bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Watson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University , One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Nigam P Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis , One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121-4400, United States
| | - Liviu M Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University , One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
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28
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Meucci EA, Camasso NM, Sanford MS. An Organometalllic NiIV Complex That Participates in Competing Transmetalation and C(sp2)–O Bond-Forming Reductive Elimination Reactions. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Meucci
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nicole M. Camasso
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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29
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Bour JR, Camasso NM, Meucci EA, Kampf JW, Canty AJ, Sanford MS. Carbon–Carbon Bond-Forming Reductive Elimination from Isolated Nickel(III) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:16105-16111. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James R. Bour
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nicole M. Camasso
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Meucci
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jeff W. Kampf
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Allan J. Canty
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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30
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Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of Cyclometalated Nickel(II) Complexes: A Review and Perspective. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INDIA SECTION A-PHYSICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40010-016-0289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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31
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Schultz JW, Fuchigami K, Zheng B, Rath NP, Mirica LM. Isolated Organometallic Nickel(III) and Nickel(IV) Complexes Relevant to Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12928-12934. [PMID: 27599205 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are experiencing a dramatic resurgence in recent years given their ability to employ a wider range of electrophiles as well as promote stereospecific or stereoselective transformations. In contrast to the extensively studied Pd catalysts that generally employ diamagnetic intermediates, Ni systems can more easily access various oxidation states including odd-electron configurations. For example, organometallic NiIII intermediates with aryl and/or alkyl ligands are commonly proposed as the active intermediates in cross-coupling reactions. Herein, we report the first isolated NiIII-dialkyl complex and show that this species is involved in stoichiometric and catalytic C-C bond formation reactions. Interestingly, the rate of C-C bond formation from a NiIII center is enhanced in the presence of an oxidant, suggesting the involvement of transient NiIV species. Indeed, such a NiIV species was observed and characterized spectroscopically for a nickelacycle system. Overall, these studies suggest that both NiIII and NiIV species could play an important role in a range of Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, especially those involving alkyl substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University , One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Kei Fuchigami
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University , One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University , One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Nigam P Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis , One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121-4400, United States
| | - Liviu M Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University , One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
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32
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Rettenmeier CA, Wenz J, Wadepohl H, Gade LH. Activation of Aryl Halides by Nickel(I) Pincer Complexes: Reaction Pathways of Stoichiometric and Catalytic Dehalogenations. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:8214-24. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A. Rettenmeier
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Wenz
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Couplings. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:43. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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34
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Zhou W, Zheng S, Schultz JW, Rath NP, Mirica LM. Aromatic Cyanoalkylation through Double C–H Activation Mediated by Ni(III). J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5777-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Jason W. Schultz
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Nigam P. Rath
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, St.
Louis, Missouri 63121-4400, United States
| | - Liviu M. Mirica
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
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35
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Zhou W, Watson MB, Zheng S, Rath NP, Mirica LM. Ligand effects on the properties of Ni(iii) complexes: aerobically-induced aromatic cyanation at room temperature. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:15886-15893. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02185a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ligand effect studies on (RN3C)NiIIIL2 complexes reveal aerobically-induced aromatic cyanation with tBuNC at room temperature for the (NpN3C)Ni system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington University
- St. Louis
- USA
| | | | - Shuai Zheng
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington University
- St. Louis
- USA
| | - Nigam P. Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Missouri-St. Louis
- One University Boulevard
- St. Louis
- USA
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