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Ioannidis I, Lefkaritis G, Georgiades SN, Pashalidis I, Kontoghiorghes GJ. Towards Clinical Development of Scandium Radioisotope Complexes for Use in Nuclear Medicine: Encouraging Prospects with the Chelator 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic Acid (DOTA) and Its Analogues. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5954. [PMID: 38892142 PMCID: PMC11173192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Scandium (Sc) isotopes have recently attracted significant attention in the search for new radionuclides with potential uses in personalized medicine, especially in the treatment of specific cancer patient categories. In particular, Sc-43 and Sc-44, as positron emitters with a satisfactory half-life (3.9 and 4.0 h, respectively), are ideal for cancer diagnosis via Positron Emission Tomography (PET). On the other hand, Sc-47, as an emitter of beta particles and low gamma radiation, may be used as a therapeutic radionuclide, which also allows Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imaging. As these scandium isotopes follow the same biological pathway and chemical reactivity, they appear to fit perfectly into the "theranostic pair" concept. A step-by-step description, initiating from the moment of scandium isotope production and leading up to their preclinical and clinical trial applications, is presented. Recent developments related to the nuclear reactions selected and employed to produce the radionuclides Sc-43, Sc-44, and Sc-47, the chemical processing of these isotopes and the main target recovery methods are also included. Furthermore, the radiolabeling of the leading chelator, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), and its structural analogues with scandium is also discussed and the advantages and disadvantages of scandium complexation are evaluated. Finally, a review of the preclinical studies and clinical trials involving scandium, as well as future challenges for its clinical uses and applications, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Ioannidis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, 2109 Nicosia, Cyprus; (I.I.); (G.L.); (S.N.G.); (I.P.)
| | - George Lefkaritis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, 2109 Nicosia, Cyprus; (I.I.); (G.L.); (S.N.G.); (I.P.)
| | - Savvas N. Georgiades
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, 2109 Nicosia, Cyprus; (I.I.); (G.L.); (S.N.G.); (I.P.)
| | - Ioannis Pashalidis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, 2109 Nicosia, Cyprus; (I.I.); (G.L.); (S.N.G.); (I.P.)
| | - George J. Kontoghiorghes
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, 3021 Limassol, Cyprus
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2
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Phipps MD, Cingoranelli S, Bhupathiraju NVSDK, Younes A, Cao M, Sanders VA, Neary MC, Daveny MH, Cutler CS, Lopez GE, Saini S, Parker CC, Fernandez SR, Lewis JS, Lapi SE, Francesconi LC, Deri MA. Sc-HOPO: A Potential Construct for Use in Radioscandium-Based Radiopharmaceuticals. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20567-20581. [PMID: 36724083 PMCID: PMC10390652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Three isotopes of scandium─43Sc, 44Sc, and 47Sc─have attracted increasing attention as potential candidates for use in imaging and therapy, respectively, as well as for possible theranostic use as an elementally matched pair. Here, we present the octadentate chelator 3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO) (or HOPO), an effective chelator for hard cations, as a potential ligand for use in radioscandium constructs with simple radiolabeling under mild conditions. HOPO forms a 1:1 Sc-HOPO complex that was fully characterized, both experimentally and theoretically. [47Sc]Sc-HOPO exhibited good stability in chemical and biological challenges over 7 days. In healthy mice, [43,47Sc]Sc-HOPO cleared the body rapidly with no signs of demetalation. HOPO is a strong candidate for use in radioscandium-based radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Phipps
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Chemistry, City University of New York Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468
- Medical Isotope Research & Production Laboratory, Collider-Accelerator Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Shelbie Cingoranelli
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | | | - Ali Younes
- Department of Chemistry, City University of New York Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Minhua Cao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of New York Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Vanessa A. Sanders
- Medical Isotope Research & Production Laboratory, Collider-Accelerator Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Michelle C. Neary
- Department of Chemistry, City University of New York Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Matthew H. Daveny
- Department of Chemistry, City University of New York Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Cathy S. Cutler
- Medical Isotope Research & Production Laboratory, Collider-Accelerator Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Gustavo E. Lopez
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468
| | - Shefali Saini
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Candace C. Parker
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Solana R. Fernandez
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jason S. Lewis
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Lynn C. Francesconi
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Chemistry, City University of New York Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Melissa A. Deri
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468
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3
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Kilian K, Pyrzyńska K. Scandium Radioisotopes-Toward New Targets and Imaging Modalities. Molecules 2023; 28:7668. [PMID: 38005390 PMCID: PMC10675654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of theranostics uses radioisotopes of the same or chemically similar elements to label biological ligands in a way that allows the use of diagnostic and therapeutic radiation for a combined diagnosis and treatment regimen. For scandium, radioisotopes -43 and -44 can be used as diagnostic markers, while radioisotope scandium-47 can be used in the same configuration for targeted therapy. This work presents the latest achievements in the production and processing of radioisotopes and briefly characterizes solutions aimed at increasing the availability of these radioisotopes for research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kilian
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5a, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pyrzyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
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4
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Becker KV, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Bradshaw T, Hurley SA, Olson AP, Barrett KE, Batterton J, Ellison PA, Barnhart TE, Pirasteh A, Engle JW. Cyclotron production of 43Sc and 44gSc from enriched 42CaO, 43CaO, and 44CaO targets. Front Chem 2023; 11:1167783. [PMID: 37179772 PMCID: PMC10169720 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1167783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: 43Sc and 44gSc are both positron-emitting radioisotopes of scandium with suitable half-lives and favorable positron energies for clinical positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Irradiation of isotopically enriched calcium targets has higher cross sections compared to titanium targets and higher radionuclidic purity and cross sections than natural calcium targets for reaction routes possible on small cyclotrons capable of accelerating protons and deuterons. Methods: In this work, we investigate the following production routes via proton and deuteron bombardment on CaCO3 and CaO target materials: 42Ca(d,n)43Sc, 43Ca(p,n)43Sc, 43Ca(d,n)44gSc, 44Ca(p,n)44gSc, and 44Ca(p,2n)43Sc. Radiochemical isolation of the produced radioscandium was performed with extraction chromatography using branched DGA resin and apparent molar activity was measured with the chelator DOTA. The imaging performance of 43Sc and 44gSc was compared with 18F, 68Ga, and 64Cu on two clinical PET/CT scanners. Discussion: The results of this work demonstrate that proton and deuteron bombardment of isotopically enriched CaO targets produce high yield and high radionuclidic purity 43Sc and 44gSc. Laboratory capabilities, circumstances, and budgets are likely to dictate which reaction route and radioisotope of scandium is chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaelyn V. Becker
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Tyler Bradshaw
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Samuel A. Hurley
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Aeli P. Olson
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kendall E. Barrett
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jeanine Batterton
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Paul A. Ellison
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Todd E. Barnhart
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ali Pirasteh
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jonathan W. Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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5
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Gajecki L, Marino CM, Cutler CS, Sanders VA. Evaluation of hydroxamate-based resins towards a more clinically viable 44Ti/ 44Sc radionuclide generator. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 192:110588. [PMID: 36470155 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several hydroxamate-based resins were synthesized and tested for use in 44Ti/44Sc generator systems in small scale experiments (740 kBq 44Ti). The most promising resin was tested further in larger scale generator studies (37 MBq). This resin displayed impressive retention of 44Ti over several elutions, and high quantities of 44Sc were obtained in small volumes of dilute HCl eluents. Initial radiolabeling experiments were conducted and demonstrated the possibility of direct radiolabeling of the generator produced 44Sc with DOTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Gajecki
- Collider Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.
| | - Celine M Marino
- Collider Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA; Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Cathy S Cutler
- Collider Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Vanessa A Sanders
- Collider Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
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6
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Schmidt CE, Gajecki L, Deri MA, Sanders VA. Current State of 44Ti/ 44Sc Radionuclide Generator Systems and Separation Chemistry. Curr Radiopharm 2023; 16:95-106. [PMID: 36372922 PMCID: PMC10375575 DOI: 10.2174/1874471016666221111154424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increased interest in 44Ti/44Sc generators as an onsite source of 44Sc for medical applications without needing a proximal cyclotron. The relatively short half-life (3.97 hours) and high positron branching ratio (94.3%) of 44Sc make it a viable candidate for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. This review discusses current 44Ti/44Sc generator designs, focusing on their chemistry, drawbacks, post-elution processing, and relevant preclinical studies of the 44Sc for potential PET radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Schmidt
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10468
| | - Leah Gajecki
- Collider Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - Melissa A. Deri
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10468
| | - Vanessa A. Sanders
- Collider Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
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7
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Matazova EV, Egorova BV, Zubenko AD, Pashanova AV, Fedorova OA, Kalmykov SN. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Features of Bi
3+
Complexes with the Azamacrocycles H
4
BATA and H
4
DOTA. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V. Matazova
- Chemistry Department Lomonosov Moscow State University 119991 Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Bayirta V. Egorova
- Chemistry Department Lomonosov Moscow State University 119991 Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia D. Zubenko
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences 119991 Vavilova, 28, GSP-1 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Anna V. Pashanova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences 119991 Vavilova, 28, GSP-1 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Olga A. Fedorova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences 119991 Vavilova, 28, GSP-1 Moscow Russian Federation
- Mendeleev University of Chemistry and Technology of Russia 125047 Miusskaya sqr., 9 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Stepan N. Kalmykov
- Chemistry Department Lomonosov Moscow State University 119991 Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow Russian Federation
- Frumkin Institute of Physical chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian academy of sciences (IPCE RAS) 119071 Leninsky prospect, 31, bld.4 Moscow Russian Federation
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8
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Moghaddam-Banaem L, Deilami-Nezhad L, Sadeghi M, Jalilifar M. DEVELOPMENT AND ESTIMATION OF HUMAN DOSIMETRY OF A NEW 47SC-RISEDRONATE FOR RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATION. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2022; 198:1483-1494. [PMID: 36156088 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphonate risedronate (2-(3-pyridinyl)-1-hydroxyethane diphosphonic acid) was radiolabeled with scandium-47 (47Sc) as potential therapeutic radiopharmaceutical for skeletal metastases. Its time-dependent biodistribution in mice was measured and its human dosimetry was derived. The labelling process was performed at 95 °C for 30 min. The stability of the radio-conjugate was tested in human serum at 37 °C and its biodistribution was studied in balb/c mice. The radiochemical yield of ≥90% was obtained corresponding to a specific activity of 277 MBq/mg. The radio-conjugate showed good stability in human serum up to 48 h. A high bone uptake by 48 h post-injection was achieved, which suggests that 47Sc-risedronate may be therapeutically beneficial for the palliation of painful bone metastasis. The estimated absorbed dose coefficient and the time-integrated activity coefficient (ã (rs, TD)) in the bone were 1.35 mGy/MBq and 31.04 (Bq-h/Bq), respectively. The absorbed doses to non-osseous normal organs were much lower than that to the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Moghaddam-Banaem
- Department of Isotopic separation, Nuclear Material and fuel School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box: 14155-1339, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Deilami-Nezhad
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sadeghi
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6183, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Jalilifar
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6183, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Aldrich KE, Popov IA, Root HD, Batista ER, Greer SM, Kozimor SA, Lilley LM, Livshits MY, Mocko V, Janicke MT, Scott BL, Stein BW, Yang P. Synthesis, solid-state, solution, and theoretical characterization of an "in-cage" scandium-NOTA complex. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9994-10005. [PMID: 35739082 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03887g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Developing chelators that strongly and selectively bind rare-earth elements (Sc, Y, La, and lanthanides) represents a longstanding fundamental challenge in inorganic chemistry. Solving these challenges is becoming more important because of increasing use of rare-earth elements in numerous technologies, ranging from paramagnets to luminescent materials. Within this context, we interrogated the complexation chemistry of the scandium(III) (Sc3+) trication with the hexadentate 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (H3NOTA) chelator. This H3NOTA chelator is often regarded as an underperformer for complexing Sc3+. A common assumption is that metalation does not fully encapsulate Sc3+ within the NOTA3- macrocycle, leaving Sc3+ on the periphery of the chelate and susceptible to demetalation. Herein, we developed a synthetic approach that contradicted those assumptions. We confirmed that our procedure forced Sc3+ into the NOTA3- binding pocket by using single crystal X-ray diffraction to determine the Na[Sc(NOTA)(OOCCH3)] structure. Density functional theory (DFT) and 45Sc nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy showed Sc3+ encapsulation was retained when the crystals were dissolved. Solution-phase and DFT studies revealed that [Sc(NOTA)(OOCCH3)]1- could accommodate an additional H2O capping ligand. Thermodynamic properties associated with the Sc-OOCCH3 and Sc-H2O capping ligand interactions demonstrated that these capping ligands occupied critical roles in stabilizing the [Sc(NOTA)] chelation complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan A Popov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian L Scott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
| | | | - Ping Yang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
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10
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Kodina GE, Maruk AY, Klementyeva OE, Mitrofanov YA, Malysheva AO, Lunev AS, Luneva KA, Tsebrikova GS, Baulin VE, Ragulin VV. Comparative Evaluation of the Properties of Aminopolyphosphonates as Chemical Precursors of Samarium-153 Radiopharmaceuticals. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222050188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Diagnosis of Glioblastoma by Immuno-Positron Emission Tomography. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010074. [PMID: 35008238 PMCID: PMC8750680 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neuroimaging has transformed the way brain tumors are diagnosed and treated. Although different non-invasive modalities provide very helpful information, in some situations, they present a limited value. By merging the specificity of antibodies with the resolution, sensitivity, and quantitative capabilities of positron emission tomography (PET), “Immuno-PET” allows us to conduct the non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of patients over time using antibody-based probes as an in vivo, integrated, quantifiable, 3D, full-body “immunohistochemistry”, like a “virtual biopsy”. This review provides and focuses on immuno-PET applications and future perspectives of this promising imaging approach for glioblastoma. Abstract Neuroimaging has transformed neuro-oncology and the way that glioblastoma is diagnosed and treated. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most widely used non-invasive technique in the primary diagnosis of glioblastoma. Although MRI provides very powerful anatomical information, it has proven to be of limited value for diagnosing glioblastomas in some situations. The final diagnosis requires a brain biopsy that may not depict the high intratumoral heterogeneity present in this tumor type. The revolution in “cancer-omics” is transforming the molecular classification of gliomas. However, many of the clinically relevant alterations revealed by these studies have not yet been integrated into the clinical management of patients, in part due to the lack of non-invasive biomarker-based imaging tools. An innovative option for biomarker identification in vivo is termed “immunotargeted imaging”. By merging the high target specificity of antibodies with the high spatial resolution, sensitivity, and quantitative capabilities of positron emission tomography (PET), “Immuno-PET” allows us to conduct the non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of patients over time using antibody-based probes as an in vivo, integrated, quantifiable, 3D, full-body “immunohistochemistry” in patients. This review provides the state of the art of immuno-PET applications and future perspectives on this imaging approach for glioblastoma.
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12
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Choiński J, Łyczko M. Prospects for the production of radioisotopes and radiobioconjugates for theranostics. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/bams-2021-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The development of diagnostic methods in medicine as well as the progress in the synthesis of biologically active compounds allows the use of selected radioisotopes for the simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of diseases, especially cancerous ones, in patients. This approach is called theranostic. This review article includes chemical and physical characterization of chosen theranostic radioisotopes and their compounds that are or could be useful in nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Łyczko
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology , Warsaw , Poland
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13
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Mikolajczak R, Huclier-Markai S, Alliot C, Haddad F, Szikra D, Forgacs V, Garnuszek P. Production of scandium radionuclides for theranostic applications: towards standardization of quality requirements. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2021; 6:19. [PMID: 34036449 PMCID: PMC8149571 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-021-00131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the frame of "precision medicine", the scandium radionuclides have recently received considerable interest, providing personalised adjustment of radiation characteristics to optimize the efficiency of medical care or therapeutic benefit for particular groups of patients. Radionuclides of scandium, namely scandium-43 and scandium-44 (43/44Sc) as positron emitters and scandium-47 (47Sc), beta-radiation emitter, seem to fit ideally into the concept of theranostic pair. This paper aims to review the work on scandium isotopes production, coordination chemistry, radiolabeling, preclinical studies and the very first clinical studies. Finally, standardized procedures for scandium-based radiopharmaceuticals have been proposed as a basis to pave the way for elaboration of the Ph.Eur. monographs for perspective scandium radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mikolajczak
- Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Andrzej Soltan 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - S Huclier-Markai
- Laboratoire Subatech, UMR 6457, IMT Nantes Atlantique /CNRS-IN2P3 / Université de Nantes, 4 Rue A. Kastler, BP 20722, 44307, Nantes Cedex 3, France.
- ARRONAX GIP, 1 rue Aronnax, 44817, Nantes Cedex, France.
| | - C Alliot
- ARRONAX GIP, 1 rue Aronnax, 44817, Nantes Cedex, France
- CRCINA, Inserm / CNRS / Université de Nantes, 8 quai Moncousu, 44007, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - F Haddad
- Laboratoire Subatech, UMR 6457, IMT Nantes Atlantique /CNRS-IN2P3 / Université de Nantes, 4 Rue A. Kastler, BP 20722, 44307, Nantes Cedex 3, France
- ARRONAX GIP, 1 rue Aronnax, 44817, Nantes Cedex, France
| | - D Szikra
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- Scanomed Ltd., Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - V Forgacs
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - P Garnuszek
- Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Andrzej Soltan 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
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Herrero Álvarez N, Bauer D, Hernández-Gil J, Lewis JS. Recent Advances in Radiometals for Combined Imaging and Therapy in Cancer. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2909-2941. [PMID: 33792195 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear medicine is defined as the use of radionuclides for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The imaging modalities positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are based on γ-emissions of specific energies. The therapeutic technologies are based on β- -particle-, α-particle-, and Auger electron emitters. In oncology, PET and SPECT are used to detect cancer lesions, to determine dosimetry, and to monitor therapy effectiveness. In contrast, radiotherapy is designed to irreparably damage tumor cells in order to eradicate or control the disease's progression. Radiometals are being explored for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. Strategies that combine both modalities (diagnostic and therapeutic), referred to as theranostics, are promising candidates for clinical applications. This review provides an overview of the basic concepts behind therapeutic and diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals and their significance in contemporary oncology. Select radiometals that significantly impact current and upcoming cancer treatment strategies are grouped as clinically suitable theranostics pairs. The most important physical and chemical properties are discussed. Standard production methods and current radionuclide availability are provided to indicate whether a cost-efficient use in a clinical routine is feasible. Recent preclinical and clinical developments and outline perspectives for the radiometals are highlighted in each section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Herrero Álvarez
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - David Bauer
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Javier Hernández-Gil
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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15
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González-Gómez R, Pazo-Cid RA, Sarría L, Morcillo MÁ, Schuhmacher AJ. Diagnosis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Immuno-Positron Emission Tomography. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1151. [PMID: 33801810 PMCID: PMC8000738 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by current imaging techniques is useful and widely used in the clinic but presents several limitations and challenges, especially in small lesions that frequently cause radiological tumors infra-staging, false-positive diagnosis of metastatic tumor recurrence, and common occult micro-metastatic disease. The revolution in cancer multi-"omics" and bioinformatics has uncovered clinically relevant alterations in PDAC that still need to be integrated into patients' clinical management, urging the development of non-invasive imaging techniques against principal biomarkers to assess and incorporate this information into the clinical practice. "Immuno-PET" merges the high target selectivity and specificity of antibodies and engineered fragments toward a given tumor cell surface marker with the high spatial resolution, sensitivity, and quantitative capabilities of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging techniques. In this review, we detail and provide examples of the clinical limitations of current imaging techniques for diagnosing PDAC. Furthermore, we define the different components of immuno-PET and summarize the existing applications of this technique in PDAC. The development of novel immuno-PET methods will make it possible to conduct the non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of patients over time using in vivo, integrated, quantifiable, 3D, whole body immunohistochemistry working like a "virtual biopsy".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth González-Gómez
- Molecular Oncology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Roberto A. Pazo-Cid
- Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Luis Sarría
- Digestive Radiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Miguel Ángel Morcillo
- Biomedical Application of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto J. Schuhmacher
- Molecular Oncology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Fundación Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo (ARAID), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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16
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Vaughn BA, Koller AJ, Boros E. Aqueous chemistry of the smallest rare earth: Comprehensive characterization of radioactive and non-radioactive scandium complexes for biological applications. Methods Enzymol 2021; 651:343-371. [PMID: 33888209 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous chemistry of scandium(III) is of emerging interest for biological applications, specifically in nuclear medicine, as radioactive isotopes of scandium are becoming more readily accessible. In contrast to other rare earths, Sc3+ has no d or f electrons, limiting characterization of corresponding coordination complexes to spectroscopic techniques that do not rely on the characteristic electronic transitions of f-elements or transition metal ions. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview on characterization techniques suitable to elucidate the solution behavior of small and macromolecular complexes of the smallest rare earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Vaughn
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Angus J Koller
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
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17
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Tosato M, Asti M, Dalla Tiezza M, Orian L, Häussinger D, Vogel R, Köster U, Jensen M, Andrighetto A, Pastore P, Marco VD. Highly Stable Silver(I) Complexes with Cyclen-Based Ligands Bearing Sulfide Arms: A Step Toward Silver-111 Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10907-10919. [PMID: 32658468 PMCID: PMC8009516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
With a half-life of 7.45 days, silver-111 (βmax 1.04 MeV, Eγ 245.4 keV [Iγ 1.24%], Eγ 342.1 keV [Iγ 6.7%]) is a promising candidate for targeted cancer therapy with β- emitters as well as for associated SPECT imaging. For its clinical use, the development of suitable ligands that form sufficiently stable Ag+-complexes in vivo is required. In this work, the following sulfur-containing derivatives of tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) have been considered as potential chelators for silver-111: 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO4S), (2S,5S,8S,11S)-2,5,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO4S4Me), 1,4,7-tris(2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO3S), 1,4,7-tris(2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl)-10-acetamido-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO3SAm), and 1,7-bis(2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl)-4,10,diacetic acid-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO2A2S). Natural Ag+ was used in pH/Ag-potentiometric and UV-vis spectrophotometric studies to determine the metal speciation existing in aqueous NaNO3 0.15 M at 25 °C and the equilibrium constants of the complexes, whereas NMR and DFT calculations gave structural insights. Overall results indicated that sulfide pendant arms coordinate Ag+ allowing the formation of very stable complexes, both at acidic and physiological pH. Furthermore, radiolabeling, stability in saline phosphate buffer, and metal-competition experiments using the two ligands forming the strongest complexes, DO4S and DO4S4Me, were carried out with [111Ag]Ag+ and promising results were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Tosato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Asti
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Marco Dalla Tiezza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Vogel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulli Köster
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Mikael Jensen
- The Hevesy Laboratory, Department Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Alberto Andrighetto
- Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics, Legnaro National Laboratories, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Paolo Pastore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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18
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Vaughn BA, Ahn SH, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Devaraj J, Olson AP, Engle J, Boros E. Chelation with a twist: a bifunctional chelator to enable room temperature radiolabeling and targeted PET imaging with scandium-44. Chem Sci 2020; 11:333-342. [PMID: 32953004 PMCID: PMC7472660 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04655k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Scandium-44 has emerged as an attractive, novel PET radioisotope with ideal emission properties and half-life (t 1/2 = 3.97 h, E mean β+ = 632 keV) well matched to the pharmacokinetics of small molecules, peptides and small biologics. Conjugates of the current gold-standard chelator for 44Sc, 1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), require heating to achieve radiochemical complexation, limiting application of this isotope in conjunction with temperature-sensitive biologics. To establish Sc(iii) isotopes as broadly applicable tools for nuclear medicine, development of alternative bifunctional chelators is required. To address this need, we characterized the Sc(iii)-chelation properties of the small-cavity triaza-macrocycle-based, picolinate-functionalized chelator H3mpatcn. Spectroscopic and radiochemical studies establish the [Sc(mpatcn)] complex as kinetically inert and appropriate for biological applications. A proof-of-concept bifunctional conjugate targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), picaga-DUPA, chelates 44Sc to form 44Sc(picaga)-DUPA at room temperature with an apparent molar activity of 60 MBq μmol-1 and formation of inert RRR-Λ and SSS-Δ-twist isomers. Sc(picaga)-DUPA exhibits a K i of 1.6 nM for PSMA, comparable to the 18F-based imaging probe DCFPyL (K i = 1.1 nM) currently in phase 3 clinical trials for imaging prostate cancer. Finally, we successfully employed 44Sc(picaga)-DUPA to image PSMA-expressing tumors in a preclinical mouse model, establishing the picaga bifunctional chelator as an optimal choice for the 44Sc PET nuclide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Vaughn
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , 100 Nicolls Road , Stony Brook , 11790 , New York , USA .
| | - Shin Hye Ahn
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , 100 Nicolls Road , Stony Brook , 11790 , New York , USA .
| | - Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy
- Medical Physics Department , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1111 Highland Avenue , Madison , 53705 , Wisconsin , USA
| | - Justin Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , 100 Nicolls Road , Stony Brook , 11790 , New York , USA .
| | - Aeli P Olson
- Medical Physics Department , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1111 Highland Avenue , Madison , 53705 , Wisconsin , USA
| | - Jonathan Engle
- Medical Physics Department , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1111 Highland Avenue , Madison , 53705 , Wisconsin , USA
| | - Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , 100 Nicolls Road , Stony Brook , 11790 , New York , USA .
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19
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Radiochemical separation of reactor produced Sc-47 from natural calcium target using Poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 150:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sinnes JP, Nagel J, Rösch F. AAZTA 5/AAZTA 5-TOC: synthesis and radiochemical evaluation with 68Ga, 44Sc and 177Lu. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2019; 4:18. [PMID: 31659525 PMCID: PMC6675801 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-019-0068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE AAZTA (1,4-bis (carboxymethyl)-6-[bis (carboxymethyl)]amino-6-methylperhydro-1,4-diazepine) based chelators were initially developed in the context of magnetic resonance imaging. First radiochemical studies showed the capability of AAZTA to form stable complexes with radiolanthanides and moderately stable complexes with 68Ga. For a systematic comparison of the labelling capabilities with current diagnostic and therapeutic trivalent radiometals, AAZTA5 (1,4-bis (carboxymethyl)-6-[bis (carboxymethyl)]amino-6-[pentanoic-acid]perhydro-1,4-diazepine) was synthesized representing a bifunctional version with a pentanoic acid at the carbon-6 atom. To evaluate the effect of adding a targeting vector (TV) to the bifunctional chelator on the complex formation, AAZTA5-TOC was synthesized, radiolabeled and tested in comparison to the uncoupled AAZTA5. METHODS AAZTA5 was synthesized in a 5-step synthesis. It was coupled to the cyclic peptide TOC (Phe1-Tyr3 octreotide) via amide bound formation. AAZTA and AAZTA5-TOC complex formations with 68Ga, 44Sc and 177Lu were investigated at different pH, temperature and precursor amounts. Stability studies against human serum, PBS buffer, EDTA and DTPA were performed. RESULTS AAZTA5 and AAZTA5-TOC achieved quantitative labelling (> 95%) at room temperature in less than 5 min with all three nuclides at pH ranges from 4 to 5.5 with low precursor amounts of 1 to 10 nmol. [44Sc]Sc-AAZTA5 complexes as well as [44Sc]Sc-AAZTA5-TOC were completely stable. The 177Lu complexes of AAZTA5 and AAZTA5-TOC showed high stability comparable to the 44Sc complexes. In contrast, the [68Ga]Ga-AAZTA5 complex stability was rather low, but interestingly, [68Ga]Ga-AAZTA5-TOC was completely stable. CONCLUSION AAZTA5 appears to be a promising bifunctional chelator for 68Ga, 44Sc and 177Lu with outstanding labelling capabilities at room temperature. Complex stabilities are high in the case of 44Sc and 177Lu. While [68Ga]Ga-AAZTA complexes alone lacking stability, [68Ga]Ga-AAZTA5-TOC demonstrated high stability. The latter indicates an interesting feature of [68Ga]Ga-AAZTA5-labelled radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Sinnes
- Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Nagel
- Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Rösch
- Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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21
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Edem PE, Sinnes JP, Pektor S, Bausbacher N, Rossin R, Yazdani A, Miederer M, Kjær A, Valliant JF, Robillard MS, Rösch F, Herth MM. Evaluation of the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction in rats using a scandium-44-labelled tetrazine for pretargeted PET imaging. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:49. [PMID: 31140047 PMCID: PMC6538705 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pretargeted imaging allows the use of short-lived radionuclides when imaging the accumulation of slow clearing targeting agents such as antibodies. The biotin-(strept)avidin and the bispecific antibody-hapten interactions have been applied in clinical pretargeting studies; unfortunately, these systems led to immunogenic responses in patients. The inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction between a radiolabelled tetrazine (Tz) and a trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-functionalized targeting vector is a promising alternative for clinical pretargeted imaging due to its fast reaction kinetics. This strategy was first applied in nuclear medicine using an 111In-labelled Tz to image TCO-functionalized antibodies in tumour-bearing mice. Since then, the IEDDA has been used extensively in pretargeted nuclear imaging and radiotherapy; however, these studies have only been performed in mice. Herein, we report the 44Sc labelling of a Tz and evaluate it in pretargeted imaging in Wistar rats. RESULTS 44Sc was obtained from an in house 44Ti/44Sc generator. A 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-functionalized tetrazine was radiolabelled with 44Sc resulting in radiochemical yields of 85-95%, a radiochemical purity > 99% at an apparent molar activity of 1 GBq/mmol. The 44Sc-labelled Tz maintained stability in solution for up to 24 h. A TCO-functionalized bisphosphonate, which accumulates in skeletal tissue, was used as a targeting vector to evaluate the 44Sc-labelled Tz. Biodistribution data of the 44Sc-labelled Tz showed specific uptake (0.9 ± 0.3% ID/g) in the bones (humerus and femur) of rats pre-treated with the TCO-functionalized bisphosphonate. This uptake was not present in rats not receiving pre-treatment (< 0.03% ID/g). CONCLUSIONS We have prepared a 44Sc-labelled Tz and used it in pretargeted PET imaging with rats treated with TCO-functionalized bisphosponates. This allowed for the evaluation of the IEDDA reaction in animals larger than a typical mouse. Non-target accumulation was low, and there was a 30-fold higher bone uptake in the pre-treated rats compared to the non-treated controls. Given its convenient half-life and the ability to perform positron emission tomography with a previously studied DOTA-functionalized Tz, scandium-44 (t1/2 = 3.97 h) proved to be a suitable radioisotope for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia E Edem
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Stefanie Pektor
- University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicole Bausbacher
- University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Raffaella Rossin
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Abdolreza Yazdani
- McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Radiopharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matthias Miederer
- University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John F Valliant
- McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Marc S Robillard
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Rösch
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Saarstraße 21, 55122, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Fu R, Carroll L, Yahioglu G, Aboagye EO, Miller PW. Antibody Fragment and Affibody ImmunoPET Imaging Agents: Radiolabelling Strategies and Applications. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2466-2478. [PMID: 30246488 PMCID: PMC6587488 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies have long been recognised as potent vectors for carrying diagnostic medical radionuclides, contrast agents and optical probes to diseased tissue for imaging. The area of ImmunoPET combines the use of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with antibodies to improve the diagnosis, staging and monitoring of diseases. Recent developments in antibody engineering and PET radiochemistry have led to a new wave of experimental ImmunoPET imaging agents that are based on a range of antibody fragments and affibodies. In contrast to full antibodies, engineered affibody proteins and antibody fragments such as minibodies, diabodies, single-chain variable region fragments (scFvs), and nanobodies are much smaller but retain the essential specificities and affinities of full antibodies in addition to more desirable pharmacokinetics for imaging. Herein, recent key developments in the PET radiolabelling strategies of antibody fragments and related affibody molecules are highlighted, along with the main PET imaging applications of overexpressed antigen-associated tumours and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruisi Fu
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonExhibition RoadSouth Kensington, LondonSW7 2AZUK
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College London, Hammersmith CampusDu Cane RoadLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Laurence Carroll
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College London, Hammersmith CampusDu Cane RoadLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Gokhan Yahioglu
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonExhibition RoadSouth Kensington, LondonSW7 2AZUK
- Antikor Biopharma Ltd.StevenageSG1 2FXUK
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College London, Hammersmith CampusDu Cane RoadLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Philip W. Miller
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonExhibition RoadSouth Kensington, LondonSW7 2AZUK
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Huclier-Markai S, Alliot C, Kerdjoudj R, Mougin-Degraef M, Chouin N, Haddad F. Promising Scandium Radionuclides for Nuclear Medicine: A Review on the Production and Chemistry up to In Vivo Proofs of Concept. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2018; 33:316-329. [PMID: 30265573 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2018.2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scandium radionuclides have been identified in the late 1990s as promising for nuclear medicine applications, but have been set aside for about 20 years. Among the different isotopes of scandium, 43Sc and 44Sc are interesting for positron emission tomography imaging, whereas 47Sc is interesting for therapy. The 44Sc/47Sc or 43Sc/47Sc pairs could be thus envisaged as true theranostic pairs. Another interesting aspect of scandium is that its chemistry is governed by the trivalent ion, Sc3+. When combined with its hardness and its size, it gives this element a lanthanide-like behavior. It is then also possible to use it in a theranostic approach in combination with 177Lu or other lanthanides. This article aims to review the progresses that have been made over the last decade on scandium isotope production and coordination chemistry. It also reviews the radiolabeling aspects and the first (pre) clinical studies performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Huclier-Markai
- 1 Laboratoire Subatech , UMR 6457, IMT Nantes Atlantique/CNRS-IN2P3/Université de Nantes, Nantes Cedex, France .,2 ARRONAX GIP , Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Cyrille Alliot
- 2 ARRONAX GIP , Nantes Cedex, France .,3 CRCINA, Inserm/CNRS/Université de Nantes , Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Rabha Kerdjoudj
- 1 Laboratoire Subatech , UMR 6457, IMT Nantes Atlantique/CNRS-IN2P3/Université de Nantes, Nantes Cedex, France .,2 ARRONAX GIP , Nantes Cedex, France
| | | | - Nicolas Chouin
- 3 CRCINA, Inserm/CNRS/Université de Nantes , Nantes Cedex, France .,4 Unité AMaROC ONIRIS Site de la Chantrerie , Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Ferid Haddad
- 1 Laboratoire Subatech , UMR 6457, IMT Nantes Atlantique/CNRS-IN2P3/Université de Nantes, Nantes Cedex, France .,2 ARRONAX GIP , Nantes Cedex, France
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24
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Magnetic Nanocarrier Containing 68Ga–DTPA Complex for Targeted Delivery of Doxorubicin. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-018-0826-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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25
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Das S, Behera S, Murmu B, Mohapatra R, Mandal D, Samantray R, Parhi P, Senanayake G. Extraction of scandium(III) from acidic solutions using organo-phosphoric acid reagents: A comparative study. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Separation of 44Sc from Natural Calcium Carbonate Targets for Synthesis of 44Sc-DOTATATE. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071787. [PMID: 30036947 PMCID: PMC6100303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in applications of scandium isotopes in nuclear medicine requires new efficient production routes for these radioisotopes. Recently, irradiations of calcium in cyclotrons by α, deuteron, and proton beams have been used. Therefore, effective post-irradiation separation and preconcentration of the radioactive scandium from the calcium matrix are important to obtain the pure final product in a relatively small volume. Nobias resin was used as a sorbent for effective separation of 44Sc from calcium targets. Separation was performed at pH 3 using a column containing 10 mg of resin. Scandium was eluted with 100 μL of 2 mol L−1 HCl. Particular attention was paid to the reduction of calcium concentration, presence of metallic impurities, robustness and simple automation. 44Sc was separated with 94.9 ± 2.8% yield, with results in the range of 91.7–99.0%. Purity of the eluate was confirmed with ICP-OES determination of metallic impurities and >99% chelation efficiency with DOTATATE, followed by >36 h radiochemical stability of the complex. A wide range of optimal conditions and robustness to target variability and suspended matter facilitates the proposed method in automatic systems for scandium isotope separation and synthesis of scandium-labeled radiopharmaceuticals.
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Müller C, Domnanich KA, Umbricht CA, van der Meulen NP. Scandium and terbium radionuclides for radiotheranostics: current state of development towards clinical application. Br J Radiol 2018; 91:20180074. [PMID: 29658792 PMCID: PMC6475947 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, different radiometals are in use for imaging and therapy in nuclear medicine: 68Ga and 111In are examples of nuclides for positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), respectively, while 177Lu and 225Ac are used for β−- and α-radionuclide therapy. The application of diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclides of the same element (radioisotopes) would utilize chemically-identical radiopharmaceuticals for imaging and subsequent treatment, thereby enabling the radiotheranostic concept. There are two elements which are of particular interest in this regard: Scandium and Terbium. Scandium presents three radioisotopes for theranostic application. 43Sc (T1/2 = 3.9 h) and 44Sc (T1/2 = 4.0 h) can both be used for PET, while 47Sc (T1/2 = 3.35 d) is the therapeutic match—also suitable for SPECT. Currently, 44Sc is most advanced in terms of production, as well as with pre-clinical investigations, and has already been employed in proof-of-concept studies in patients. Even though the production of 43Sc may be more challenging, it would be advantageous due to the absence of high-energetic γ-ray emission. The development of 47Sc is still in its infancy, however, its therapeutic potential has been demonstrated preclinically. Terbium is unique in that it represents four medically-interesting radioisotopes. 155Tb (T1/2 = 5.32 d) and 152Tb (T1/2 = 17.5 h) can be used for SPECT and PET, respectively. Both radioisotopes were produced and tested preclinically. 152Tb has been the first Tb isotope that was tested (as 152Tb-DOTATOC) in a patient. Both radionuclides may be of interest for dosimetry purposes prior to the application of radiolanthanide therapy. The decay properties of 161Tb (T1/2 = 6.89 d) are similar to 177Lu, but the coemission of Auger electrons make it attractive for a combined β−/Auger electron therapy, which was shown to be effective in preclinical experiments. 149Tb (T1/2 = 4.1 h) has been proposed for targeted α-therapy with the possibility of PET imaging. In terms of production, 161Tb and 155Tb are most promising to be made available at the large quantities suitable for future clinical translation. This review article is dedicated to the production routes, the methods of separating the radioisotopes from the target material, preclinical investigations and clinical proof-of-concept studies of Sc and Tb radionuclides. The availability, challenges of production and first (pre)clinical application, as well as the potential of these novel radionuclides for future application in nuclear medicine, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Müller
- 1 Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut , Villigen-PSI , Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph A Umbricht
- 1 Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut , Villigen-PSI , Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- 1 Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut , Villigen-PSI , Switzerland.,2 Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut , Villigen-PSI , Switzerland
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Enel M, Leygue N, Saffon N, Galaup C, Picard C. Facile Access to the 12-Membered Macrocyclic Ligand PCTA and Its Derivatives with Carboxylate, Amide, and Phosphinate Ligating Functionalities. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Enel
- CNRS; Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB); UMR-5068; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB); 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 France
| | - Nadine Leygue
- CNRS; Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB); UMR-5068; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB); 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 France
| | - Nathalie Saffon
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (FR 2599); 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 France
| | - Chantal Galaup
- CNRS; Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB); UMR-5068; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB); 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 France
| | - Claude Picard
- CNRS; Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB); UMR-5068; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB); 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 France
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Rotsch DA, Brown MA, Nolen JA, Brossard T, Henning WF, Chemerisov SD, Gromov RG, Greene J. Electron linear accelerator production and purification of scandium-47 from titanium dioxide targets. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 131:77-82. [PMID: 29175143 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The photonuclear production of no-carrier-added (NCA) 47Sc from solid NatTiO2 and the subsequent chemical processing and purification have been developed. Scandium-47 was produced by the 48Ti(γ,p)47Sc reaction with Bremsstrahlung photons produced from the braking of electrons in a high-Z (W or Ta) convertor. Production yields were simulated with the PHITS code (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport-code System) and compared to experimental results. Irradiated TiO2 targets were dissolved in fuming H2SO4 in the presence of Na2SO4 and 47Sc was purified using the commercially available Eichrom DGA resin. Typical 47Sc recovery yields were >90% with excellent specific activity for small batches (<185 MBq batches).
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Rotsch
- Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
| | - M Alex Brown
- Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jerry A Nolen
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Thomas Brossard
- Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Walter F Henning
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Sergey D Chemerisov
- Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Roman G Gromov
- Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - John Greene
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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Müller C, van der Meulen NP, Benešová M, Schibli R. Therapeutic Radiometals Beyond 177Lu and 90Y: Production and Application of Promising α-Particle, β−-Particle, and Auger Electron Emitters. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:91S-96S. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.186825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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31
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Frimpong E, Skelton AA, Honarparvar B. DFT study of the interaction between DOTA chelator and competitive alkali metal ions. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 76:70-76. [PMID: 28711759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetracetic acid (DOTA) is an important chelator for radiolabeling of pharmaceuticals. The ability of alkali metals found in the body to complex with DOTA and compete with radio metal ions can alter the radiolabeling process. Non-covalent interactions between DOTA complexed with alkali metals Li+, Na+, K+ and Rb+, are investigated with density functional theory using B3LYP and ωB97XD functionals. Conformational possibilities of DOTA were explored with a varying number of carboxylic pendant arms of DOTA in close proximity to the ions. It is found that the case in which four arms of DOTA are interacting with ions is more stable than other conformations. The objective of this study is to explore the electronic structure properties upon complexation of alkali metals Li+ Na+, K+ and Rb+ with a DOTA chelator. Interaction energies, relaxation energies, entropies, Gibbs free energies and enthalpies show that the stability of DOTA, complexed with alkali metals decreases down the group of the periodic table. Implicit water solvation affects the complexation of DOTA-ions leading to decreases in the stability of the complexes. NBO analysis through the natural population charges and the second order perturbation theory, revealed a charge transfer between DOTA and alkali metals. Conceptual DFT-based properties such as HOMO/LUMO energies, ΔEHOMO-LUMO and chemical hardness and softness indicated a decrease in the chemical stability of DOTA-alkali metal complexes down the alkali metal series. This study serves as a guide to researchers in the field of organometallic chelators, particularly, radiopharmaceuticals in finding the efficient optimal match between chelators and various metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Frimpong
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - A A Skelton
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa.
| | - B Honarparvar
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa.
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Radchenko V, Engle JW, Medvedev DG, Maassen JM, Naranjo CM, Unc GA, Meyer CA, Mastren T, Brugh M, Mausner L, Cutler CS, Birnbaum ER, John KD, Nortier FM, Fassbender ME. Proton-induced production and radiochemical isolation of 44Ti from scandium metal targets for 44Ti/44Sc generator development. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 50:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Nagy G, Szikra D, Trencsényi G, Fekete A, Garai I, Giani AM, Negri R, Masciocchi N, Maiocchi A, Uggeri F, Tóth I, Aime S, Giovenzana GB, Baranyai Z. AAZTA: An Ideal Chelating Agent for the Development of 44
Sc PET Imaging Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2118-2122. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Nagy
- Scanomed Ltd.; Nagyerdei Krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
- University of Debrecen; Medical Imaging Clinic; Nagyerdei krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Dezső Szikra
- Scanomed Ltd.; Nagyerdei Krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
- University of Debrecen; Medical Imaging Clinic; Nagyerdei krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - György Trencsényi
- Scanomed Ltd.; Nagyerdei Krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
- University of Debrecen; Medical Imaging Clinic; Nagyerdei krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Anikó Fekete
- University of Debrecen; Medical Imaging Clinic; Nagyerdei krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Ildikó Garai
- Scanomed Ltd.; Nagyerdei Krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Arianna M. Giani
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università del Piemonte Orientale; Largo Donegani 2/3 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Roberto Negri
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università del Piemonte Orientale; Largo Donegani 2/3 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Norberto Masciocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia and To.Sca.Lab; Università degli Studi dell'Insubria; via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Alessandro Maiocchi
- Bracco Imaging spa; Bracco Research Centre; Via Ribes 5 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO) Italy
| | - Fulvio Uggeri
- Bracco Imaging spa; Bracco Research Centre; Via Ribes 5 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO) Italy
| | - Imre Tóth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; 4032 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1 Hungary
| | - Silvio Aime
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute; Centro di Imaging Molecolare e Preclinico; Università degli Studi di Torino; Via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| | - Giovanni B. Giovenzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università del Piemonte Orientale; Largo Donegani 2/3 28100 Novara Italy
- CAGE Chemicals srl; Via Bovio 6 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Zsolt Baranyai
- Bracco Imaging spa; Bracco Research Centre; Via Ribes 5 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO) Italy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; 4032 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1 Hungary
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Nagy G, Szikra D, Trencsényi G, Fekete A, Garai I, Giani AM, Negri R, Masciocchi N, Maiocchi A, Uggeri F, Tóth I, Aime S, Giovenzana GB, Baranyai Z. AAZTA: An Ideal Chelating Agent for the Development of 44
Sc PET Imaging Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Nagy
- Scanomed Ltd.; Nagyerdei Krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
- University of Debrecen; Medical Imaging Clinic; Nagyerdei krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Dezső Szikra
- Scanomed Ltd.; Nagyerdei Krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
- University of Debrecen; Medical Imaging Clinic; Nagyerdei krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - György Trencsényi
- Scanomed Ltd.; Nagyerdei Krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
- University of Debrecen; Medical Imaging Clinic; Nagyerdei krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Anikó Fekete
- University of Debrecen; Medical Imaging Clinic; Nagyerdei krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Ildikó Garai
- Scanomed Ltd.; Nagyerdei Krt. 98 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Arianna M. Giani
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università del Piemonte Orientale; Largo Donegani 2/3 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Roberto Negri
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università del Piemonte Orientale; Largo Donegani 2/3 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Norberto Masciocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia and To.Sca.Lab; Università degli Studi dell'Insubria; via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Alessandro Maiocchi
- Bracco Imaging spa; Bracco Research Centre; Via Ribes 5 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO) Italy
| | - Fulvio Uggeri
- Bracco Imaging spa; Bracco Research Centre; Via Ribes 5 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO) Italy
| | - Imre Tóth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; 4032 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1 Hungary
| | - Silvio Aime
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute; Centro di Imaging Molecolare e Preclinico; Università degli Studi di Torino; Via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| | - Giovanni B. Giovenzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università del Piemonte Orientale; Largo Donegani 2/3 28100 Novara Italy
- CAGE Chemicals srl; Via Bovio 6 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Zsolt Baranyai
- Bracco Imaging spa; Bracco Research Centre; Via Ribes 5 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO) Italy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; 4032 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1 Hungary
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Procházková S, Kubíček V, Böhmová Z, Holá K, Kotek J, Hermann P. DOTA analogues with a phosphinate-iminodiacetate pendant arm: modification of the complex formation rate with a strongly chelating pendant. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:10484-10497. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01797a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The formation of highly stable out-of-cage complexes slows down the transfer of the metal ion into the cavity of the macrocyclic ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soňa Procházková
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- 128 40 Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Kubíček
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- 128 40 Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Böhmová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- 128 40 Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Holá
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- 128 40 Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kotek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- 128 40 Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- 128 40 Prague 2
- Czech Republic
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Separation of 44Ti from proton irradiated scandium by using solid-phase extraction chromatography and design of 44Ti/44Sc generator system. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1477:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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