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Lavarda G, Labella J, Martínez-Díaz MV, Rodríguez-Morgade MS, Osuka A, Torres T. Recent advances in subphthalocyanines and related subporphyrinoids. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9482-9619. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Subporphyrinoids constitute a class of extremely versatile and attractive compounds. Herein, a comprehensive review of the most recent advances in the fundamentals and applications of these cone-shaped aromatic macrocycles is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lavarda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Labella
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Victoria Martínez-Díaz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Salomé Rodríguez-Morgade
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomás Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Okuda Y, Fujimoto M, Akashi H, Orita A. Dephosphinylative [4 + 2] Benzannulation of Phosphinyl Ynamines: Application to the Modular Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Amines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17651-17666. [PMID: 34860520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 9-amino-10-halophenanthrenes were synthesized through a one-pot process, including dephosphinylative Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling of 2-bromobiphenyls with air-stable phosphinyl ynamines, followed by halonium-promoted [4 + 2] benzannulation of the resulting 2-(aminoethynyl)biphenyls. Nonsubstituted and methyl-substituted 2-bromobiphenyls rapidly underwent the Sonogashira-Hagihara aminoethynylation and the halogenative Friedel-Crafts benzannulation to provide the corresponding amino(halo)phenanthrenes in high yields, while electron-sufficient and -deficient substrates did slowly undergo the former and the latter to result in low yields, respectively. This protocol worked well for the syntheses of highly π-extended aminophenanthrenes and aminobenzonaphthothiophenes with different optical properties. Further application of this approach between 2,2″- and 2',5'-dibromo-p-terphenyls with phosphinyl ynamines led to the regioselective formation of 6,13-diamino-5,12-dihalo- and 5,12-diamino-6,13-dihalo-dibenz[a,h]anthracenes via dual aminoethynylation and [4 + 2] benzannulation. The obtained analogues showed different ultraviolet-visible absorption and photoluminescence spectra with different emission quantum yields in CH2Cl2 solution and the powder state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Okuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Mayo Fujimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Haruo Akashi
- Institute of Frontier Science and Technology, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Akihiro Orita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
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Zango G, Krug M, Krishna S, Mariñas V, Clark T, Martinez-Diaz MV, Guldi DM, Torres T. Photoactive preorganized subphthalocyanine-based molecular tweezers for selective complexation of fullerenes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3448-3459. [PMID: 34745517 PMCID: PMC8515455 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00059k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new chromophoric receptors capable of binding curved carbon nanostructures is central to the quest for improved fullerene-based organic photovoltaics. We herein report the synthesis and characterization of a subphthalocyanine-based multicomponent ensemble consisting of two electron-rich SubPc-monomers rigidly attached to the convex surface of an electron-poor SubPc-dimer. Such a unique configuration, especially in terms of the two SubPc-monomers, together with the overall stiffness of the linker, endows the multicomponent system with a well-defined tweezer-like topology to efficiently embrace a fullerene in its inner cavity. The formation of a 1 : 1 complex was demonstrated in a variety of titration studies with either C60 or C70. In solution, the underlying association constants were of the order of 105 M-1. Detailed physicochemical experiments revealed a complex scenario of energy- and electron-transfer processes upon photoexcitation in the absence and presence of fullerenes. The close proximity of the fullerenes to the electron-rich SubPcs enables a charge shift from the initially formed reduced SubPc-dimer to either C60 to C70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Zango
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Marcel Krug
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 Erlangen 91058 Germany
| | - Swathi Krishna
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 Erlangen 91058 Germany
| | - Víctor Mariñas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 Erlangen 91058 Germany
| | - M Victoria Martinez-Diaz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 Erlangen 91058 Germany
| | - Tomás Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
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Şenocak A, Basova T, Demirbas E, Durmuş M. Direct and Fast Electrochemical Determination of Catechin in Tea Extracts using SWCNT‐Subphthalocyanine Hybrid Material. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Şenocak
- Department of ChemistryGebze Technical University 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Tamara Basova
- Nikolaev Institutes of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS Lavrentiev Pr. 3 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University Pirogova Str. 2 Russia
| | - Erhan Demirbas
- Department of ChemistryGebze Technical University 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Department of ChemistryGebze Technical University 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli Turkey
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Bukuroshi E, Vestfrid J, Gross Z, Bender TP. Fluorinated boron subphthalocyanines: Lewis acid based templating chemistry facilitates random halide exchange, and fluoride versus chloride affects the basic photophysical properties and the solid-state arrangement. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04093e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A sub-group of the phthalocyanine family, the boron subphthalocyanines (BsubPcs), have robust chemistry and can be readily modified at the axial and peripheral positions to tune their physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Bukuroshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Jenya Vestfrid
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Israel Institute of Technology (Technion)
- Haifa 3200008
- Israel
| | - Timothy P. Bender
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry
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Mori S, Wang J, Tokunaga E, Shiro M, Matsumoto T, Tsuzuki S, Shibata N. Trifluoroethoxy-Coated Subphthalocyanines Attract Small Arenes in Their π-Concave Cavity. Chempluschem 2018; 83:95-98. [PMID: 31957336 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
X-ray crystallographic analyses of a series of trifluoroethoxy-substituted subphthalocyanines disclosed that a molecule of toluene is clasped at the center of the molecular concave cavity. Twelve trifluoroethoxy substituents, which flexibly surround the toluene molecule to hold it on the 14 π-electron-conjugated surface of the subphthalocyanines, can also catch a molecule of benzene. In contrast, a nonsubstituted subphthalocyanine does not show the same phenomena, and two subphthalocyanine units are required to maintain a small aromatic compound in their concave cavity. DFT calculations of the complexes were conducted to better understand the arene clathrates. Trifluoroethoxy-substituted subphthalocyanines can be used to prepare arene clathrates as a result of their concave space. This is a unique approach to obtaining X-ray crystal structures of small noncrystalline aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Mori
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Etsuko Tokunaga
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Motoo Shiro
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12, Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, 196-8666, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12, Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, 196-8666, Japan
| | - Seiji Tsuzuki
- Research Center for Computational Design, of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.,Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Avenu, 321004, Jinhua, China
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Mori S, Shibata N. Synthesis and application of trifluoroethoxy-substituted phthalocyanines and subphthalocyanines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2273-2296. [PMID: 29114331 PMCID: PMC5669247 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalocyanines and subphthalocyanines are attracting attention as functional dyes that are applicable to organic solar cells, photodynamic therapy, organic electronic devices, and other applications. However, phthalocyanines are generally difficult to handle due to their strong ability to aggregate, so this property must be controlled for further applications of phthalocyanines. On the other hand, trifluoroethoxy-substituted phthalocyanines are known to suppress aggregation due to repulsion of the trifluoroethoxy group. Furthermore, the electronic characteristics of phthalocyanines are significantly changed by the strong electronegativity of fluorine. Therefore, it is expected that trifluoroethoxy-substituted phthalocyanines can be applied to new industrial fields. This review summarizes the synthesis and application of trifluoroethoxy-substituted phthalocyanine and subphthalocyanine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Mori
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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Matsuzaki K, Hiromura T, Tokunaga E, Shibata N. Trifluoroethoxy-Coated Subphthalocyanine affects Trifluoromethylation of Alkenes and Alkynes even under Low-Energy Red-Light Irradiation. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:226-230. [PMID: 28413756 PMCID: PMC5390801 DOI: 10.1002/open.201600172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoredox chemical reactions induced by visible light have undergone a renaissance in recent years. Polypyridyl dyes such as Ir(ppy)3 and Ru(bpy)3 are key catalysts in this event, and blue- or white-light irradiation is required for the chemical transformations. However, it remains a challenge to achieve reactions under the lower energy of red light. We disclose, herein, that trifluoroethoxy-coated subphthalocyanine realizes the red-light-driven trifluoromethylation of alkenes and alkynes with trifluoromethyl iodide in good-to-high yields. Perfluoroalkylations were also achieved under red light. The reaction mechanism is discussed with the support of UV/Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry of trifluoroethoxy-coated subphthalocyanine. Light irradiation/dark study also supports the proposed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Matsuzaki
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Life and Applied ChemistryNagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-kuNagoya466–8555Japan
| | - Tomoya Hiromura
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Life and Applied ChemistryNagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-kuNagoya466–8555Japan
| | - Etsuko Tokunaga
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Life and Applied ChemistryNagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-kuNagoya466–8555Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Life and Applied ChemistryNagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-kuNagoya466–8555Japan
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Guilleme J, González-Rodríguez D, Torres T. Synthesis and electronic properties of nitrogen-bridged dimers of boron subphthalocyanines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9793-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03896d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe for the first time the synthesis and characterization of a new family of subphthalocyanine derivatives, the μ-azo dimers, in which two closely interacting macrocycles are axially linked together by a B–N–B bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Guilleme
- IMDEA Nanociencia
- Faraday 9
- Spain
- Departamento Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias
| | - D. González-Rodríguez
- Departamento Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- E-28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - T. Torres
- IMDEA Nanociencia
- Faraday 9
- Spain
- Departamento Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias
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