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Wang Z, Bianco V, Maffettone PL, Ferraro P. Holographic flow scanning cytometry overcomes depth of focus limits and smartly adapts to microfluidic speed. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2316-2326. [PMID: 37074006 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00063j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Space-time digital holography (STDH) maps holograms in a hybrid space-time domain to achieve extended field of view, resolution enhanced, quantitative phase-contrast microscopy and velocimetry of flowing objects in a label-free modality. In STDH, area sensors can be replaced by compact and faster linear sensor arrays to augment the imaging throughput and to compress data from a microfluidic video sequence into one single hybrid hologram. However, in order to ensure proper imaging, the velocity of the objects in microfluidic channels has to be well-matched to the acquisition frame rate, which is the major constraint of the method. Also, imaging all the flowing samples in focus at the same time, while avoiding hydrodynamic focusing devices, is a highly desirable goal. Here we demonstrate a novel processing pipeline that addresses non-ideal flow conditions and is capable of returning the correct and extended focus phase contrast mapping of an entire microfluidic experiment in a single image. We apply this novel processing strategy to recover phase imaging of flowing HeLa cells in a lab-on-a-chip platform even when severely undersampled due to too fast flow while ensuring that all cells are in focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello" (ISASI-CNR), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Bianco
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello" (ISASI-CNR), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Pier Luca Maffettone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello" (ISASI-CNR), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello" (ISASI-CNR), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
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2
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Douglass PM, O'Connor T, Javidi B. Automated sickle cell disease identification in human red blood cells using a lensless single random phase encoding biosensor and convolutional neural networks. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:35965-35977. [PMID: 36258535 DOI: 10.1364/oe.469199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a compact, field portable, lensless, single random phase encoding biosensor for automated classification between healthy and sickle cell disease human red blood cells. Microscope slides containing 3 µl wet mounts of whole blood samples from healthy and sickle cell disease afflicted human donors are input into a lensless single random phase encoding (SRPE) system for disease identification. A partially coherent laser source (laser diode) illuminates the cells under inspection wherein the object complex amplitude propagates to and is pseudorandomly encoded by a diffuser, then the intensity of the diffracted complex waveform is captured by a CMOS image sensor. The recorded opto-biological signatures are transformed using local binary pattern map generation during preprocessing then input into a pretrained convolutional neural network for classification between healthy and disease-states. We further provide analysis that compares the performance of several neural network architectures to optimize our classification strategy. Additionally, we assess the performance and computational savings of classifying on subsets of the opto-biological signatures with substantially reduced dimensionality, including one dimensional cropping of the recorded signatures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a lensless SRPE biosensor for human disease identification. As such, the presented approach and results can be significant for low-cost disease identification both in the field and for healthcare systems in developing countries which suffer from constrained resources.
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3
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Song C, Chen Z, Zheng X, Yang S, Duan X, Jiang Y, Tu X, Gan J, Jiang S. Growth Characteristic Analysis of Haematococcus pluvialis in a Microfluidic Chip Using Digital in-Line Holographic Flow Cytometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5769-5775. [PMID: 35384647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to obtain high yield of astaxanthin, a high-value compound with ultrastrong antioxidant capacity, it is necessary to identify the growth characteristics (biomass, morphology, and size) of Haematococcus pluvialis. The current detection methods have the disadvantages of labor-consuming operation or complicated measurement system. It is an urgent need to explore a simple and cost-effective method for the detection of H. pluvialis with large size distribution during its growth period. In this work, a digital in-line holographic flow cytometry using a linear array sensor is proposed to measure the growth characteristics of H. pluvialis in a two-dimensional (2-D) hydrodynamic focusing microfluidic chip. Based on the modified angular spectrum method, the distorting holograms caused by the asynchrony of sample flow velocity and acquisition speed of the linear array sensor were rectified and reconstructed. In addition, the depth-of-focus of the imaging system were digitally extended to cover the entire depth of the microfluidic channel for optimized imaging quality. We have utilized the proposed method to statistically investigate the biomass, morphology and size of H. pluvialis under different culture conditions and growth durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolong Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xinqi Zheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shimin Yang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiudong Duan
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yongguang Jiang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xin Tu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jinqiang Gan
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shulan Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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4
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Buchanan BC, Yoon JY. Microscopic Imaging Methods for Organ-on-a-Chip Platforms. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:328. [PMID: 35208453 PMCID: PMC8879989 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic imaging is essential and the most popular method for in situ monitoring and evaluating the outcome of various organ-on-a-chip (OOC) platforms, including the number and morphology of mammalian cells, gene expression, protein secretions, etc. This review presents an overview of how various imaging methods can be used to image organ-on-a-chip platforms, including transillumination imaging (including brightfield, phase-contrast, and holographic optofluidic imaging), fluorescence imaging (including confocal fluorescence and light-sheet fluorescence imaging), and smartphone-based imaging (including microscope attachment-based, quantitative phase, and lens-free imaging). While various microscopic imaging methods have been demonstrated for conventional microfluidic devices, a relatively small number of microscopic imaging methods have been demonstrated for OOC platforms. Some methods have rarely been used to image OOCs. Specific requirements for imaging OOCs will be discussed in comparison to the conventional microfluidic devices and future directions will be introduced in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
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5
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Song P, Guo C, Jiang S, Wang T, Hu P, Hu D, Zhang Z, Feng B, Zheng G. Optofluidic ptychography on a chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4549-4556. [PMID: 34726219 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00719j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the implementation of a fully on-chip, lensless microscopy technique termed optofluidic ptychography. This imaging modality complements the miniaturization provided by microfluidics and allows the integration of ptychographic microscopy into various lab-on-a-chip devices. In our prototype, we place a microfluidic channel on the top surface of a coverslip and coat the bottom surface with a scattering layer. The channel and the coated coverslip substrate are then placed on top of an image sensor for diffraction data acquisition. Similar to the operation of a flow cytometer, the device utilizes microfluidic flow to deliver specimens across the channel. The diffracted light from the flowing objects is modulated by the scattering layer and recorded by the image sensor for ptychographic reconstruction, where high-resolution quantitative complex images are recovered from the diffraction measurements. By using an image sensor with a 1.85 μm pixel size, our device can resolve the 550 nm linewidth on the resolution target. We validate the device by imaging different types of biospecimens, including C. elegans, yeast cells, paramecium, and closterium sp. We also demonstrate a high-resolution ptychographic reconstruction at a video framerate of 30 frames per second. The reported technique can address a wide range of biomedical needs and engenders new ptychographic imaging innovations in a flow cytometer configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengming Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| | - Chengfei Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| | - Shaowei Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| | - Tianbo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| | - Patrick Hu
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Derek Hu
- Amador Valley High School, Pleasanton, CA, 94566, USA
| | - Zibang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| | - Guoan Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
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6
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Prajapati E, Kumar S, Kumar S. Muscope: a miniature on-chip lensless microscope. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4357-4363. [PMID: 34723299 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00792k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the Muscope, a miniature lensless holographic microscope suitable for on-chip integration. The prototype of the Muscope measured approximately only 7 mm × 4 mm × 4 mm, and was capable of offering a sub-micron half-pitch resolution. We have used, for the first time, a microLED display as the light source in a microscope. The individual pixels of a microLED display chip are used as programmable, microscopic and intense LEDs which can be spatially moved in a two-dimensional plane with a 5 μm pitch. This unique feature set of the display was used to implement computational super-resolution and wide-field imaging without any extra hardware, unlike many other lensless microscopes. We also report a new method to evaluate the magnification in our setting. The Muscope surpasses the existing lensless microscopes in compactness, scalability for production, automated operation and system integration. It provides exciting opportunities for a new class of devices with in-built optical imaging and monitoring and/or sensing capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Prajapati
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, 502285, India.
| | - Saurav Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, 502285, India.
| | - Shishir Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, 502285, India.
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7
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Wang Z, Bianco V, Pirone D, Memmolo P, Villone MM, Maffettone PL, Ferraro P. Dehydration of plant cells shoves nuclei rotation allowing for 3D phase-contrast tomography. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:187. [PMID: 34526484 PMCID: PMC8443563 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00626-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell phase-contrast tomography promises to become decisive for studying 3D intracellular structures in biology. It involves probing cells with light at wide angles, which unfortunately requires complex systems. Here we show an intriguing concept based on an inherent natural process for plants biology, i.e., dehydration, allowing us to easily obtain 3D-tomography of onion-epidermal cells' nuclei. In fact, the loss of water reduces the turgor pressure and we recognize it induces significant rotation of cells' nuclei. Thanks to the holographic focusing flexibility and an ad-hoc angles' tracking algorithm, we combine different phase-contrast views of the nuclei to retrieve their 3D refractive index distribution. Nucleolus identification capability and a strategy for measuring morphology, dry mass, biovolume, and refractive index statistics are reported and discussed. This new concept could revolutionize the investigation in plant biology by enabling dynamic 3D quantitative and label-free analysis at sub-nuclear level using a conventional holographic setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
- NEAPoLIS, Numerical and Experimental Advanced Program on Liquids and Interface Systems, Joint Research Center CNR - Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Vittorio Bianco
- NEAPoLIS, Numerical and Experimental Advanced Program on Liquids and Interface Systems, Joint Research Center CNR - Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniele Pirone
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell'Informazione, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Claudio 21, 80125, Napoli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Memmolo
- NEAPoLIS, Numerical and Experimental Advanced Program on Liquids and Interface Systems, Joint Research Center CNR - Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Maria Villone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
- NEAPoLIS, Numerical and Experimental Advanced Program on Liquids and Interface Systems, Joint Research Center CNR - Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Pier Luca Maffettone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
- NEAPoLIS, Numerical and Experimental Advanced Program on Liquids and Interface Systems, Joint Research Center CNR - Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- NEAPoLIS, Numerical and Experimental Advanced Program on Liquids and Interface Systems, Joint Research Center CNR - Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
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8
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Yang Y, Huang HY, Guo CS. Polarization holographic microscope slide for birefringence imaging of anisotropic samples in microfluidics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:14762-14773. [PMID: 32403511 DOI: 10.1364/oe.389973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Birefringence is an important optical property of anisotropic materials arising from anisotropies of tissue microstructures. Birefringence parameters have been found to be important to understand optical anisotropic architecture of many materials and polarization imaging has been applied in many researches in the field of biology and medicine. Here, we propose a scheme to miniaturize a double-channel polarization holographic interferometer optics to create a polarization holographic microscope slide (P-HMS) suitable for integrating with microfluidic lab-on-a-chip (LoC) systems. Based on the P-HMS combined with a simple reconstruction algorithm described in the paper, we can not only simultaneously realize holographic imaging of two orthogonal polarization components of dynamic samples in a microfluidic channel but also quantitative measurement of 2D birefringence information, both including the birefringence phase retardation and optic-axis orientation. This chip interferometer allows for off-axis double-channel polarization digital holographic recording using only a single illumination beam without need of any beam splitter or mirror. Its quasi-common path configuration and self-aligned design also make it tolerant to vibrations and misalignment. This work about the P-HMS could play a positive role in promoting the application of birefringence imaging in microfluidic LoC technology.
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Yamada H, Hirotsu A, Yamashita D, Yasuhiko O, Yamauchi T, Kayou T, Suzuki H, Okazaki S, Kikuchi H, Takeuchi H, Ueda Y. Label-free imaging flow cytometer for analyzing large cell populations by line-field quantitative phase microscopy with digital refocusing. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:2213-2223. [PMID: 32341878 PMCID: PMC7173910 DOI: 10.1364/boe.389435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose a line-field quantitative phase-imaging flow cytometer for analyzing large populations of label-free cells. Hydrodynamical focusing brings cells into the focus plane of an optical system while diluting the cell suspension, resulting in decreased throughput rate. To overcome the trade-off between throughput rate and in-focus imaging, our cytometer involves digitally extending the depth-of-focus on loosely hydrodynamically focusing cell suspensions. The cells outside the depth-of-focus range in the 70-µm diameter of the core flow were automatically digitally refocused after image acquisition. We verified that refocusing was successful with our cytometer through statistical analysis of image quality before and after digital refocusing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenao Yamada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka-Pref., 434-8601, Japan
| | - Amane Hirotsu
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka-Pref., 431-3192, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamashita
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka-Pref., 434-8601, Japan
| | - Osamu Yasuhiko
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka-Pref., 434-8601, Japan
| | - Toyohiko Yamauchi
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka-Pref., 434-8601, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Kayou
- Electron Tube Division, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 314-5 Shimokanzo, Iwata, Shizuoka-Pref., 438-0126, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Electron Tube Division, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 314-5 Shimokanzo, Iwata, Shizuoka-Pref., 438-0126, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Okazaki
- HAMAMATSU BioPhotonics Innovation Chair Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka-Pref., 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka-Pref., 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka-Pref., 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yukio Ueda
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka-Pref., 434-8601, Japan
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10
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Kim MK. Wide area quantitative phase microscopy by spatial phase scanning digital holography. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:784-786. [PMID: 32004311 DOI: 10.1364/ol.385322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new technique of digital holographic microscopy is introduced for large area quantitative phase microscopy, dubbed spatial phase scanning digital holography, where the object specimen in an interferometer is scanned across the tilted reference phase field, while acquiring camera frames at regular intervals. Both the large area scan and phase shift acquisition are achieved in one sweep, using a simple optomechanical system. The technique can be useful in diverse applications such as fast scans of blood smear, cell and tissue cultures, and microelectronic surface profiles.
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11
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Trusiak M, Picazo-Bueno JA, Patorski K, Zdańkowski P, Mico V. Single-shot two-frame π-shifted spatially multiplexed interference phase microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-8. [PMID: 31522487 PMCID: PMC6997581 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.9.096004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-shot, two-frame, π-shifted spatially multiplexed interference microscopy (π-SMIM) is presented as an improvement to previous SMIM implementations, introducing a versatile, robust, fast, and accurate method for cumbersome, noisy, and low-contrast phase object analysis. The proposed π-SMIM equips a commercially available nonholographic microscope with a high-speed (video frame rate) enhanced quantitative phase imaging (QPI) capability by properly placing a beam-splitter in the microscope embodiment to simultaneously (in a single shot) record two holograms mutually phase shifted by π radians at the expense of reducing the field of view. Upon subsequent subtractive superimposition of holograms, a π-hologram is generated with reduced background and improved modulation of interference fringes. These features determine superior phase retrieval quality, obtained by employing the Hilbert spiral transform on the π-hologram, as compared with a single low-quality (low signal-to-noise ratio) hologram analysis. In addition, π-SMIM enables accurate in-vivo analysis of high dynamic range phase objects, otherwise measurable only in static regime using time-consuming phase-shifting. The technique has been validated utilizing a 20 × / 0.46 NA objective in a regular Olympus BX-60 upright microscope for QPI of different lines of prostate cancer cells and flowing microbeads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Trusiak
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Warsaw, Poland
- Address all correspondence to Maciej Trusiak, E-mail: ; Vicente Mico, E-mail:
| | - Jose-Angel Picazo-Bueno
- Universitat de Valencia, Departamento de Óptica y Optometría y Ciencias de la Visión, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Krzysztof Patorski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Zdańkowski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vicente Mico
- Universitat de Valencia, Departamento de Óptica y Optometría y Ciencias de la Visión, Burjassot, Spain
- Address all correspondence to Maciej Trusiak, E-mail: ; Vicente Mico, E-mail:
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12
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Wang Z, Bianco V, Cui Y, Paturzo M, Ferraro P. 2D resolution improvement via 1D scanning Space-Time Digital Holography (STDH) in Optofluidics. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201921515001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Space-Time Digital Holography (STDH) exploits the object motion to record the hologram in a hybrid space-time domain. This representation adds new capabilities to conventional DH, such as unlimited extension of the Field of View (FoV) and tunable phase shifting. Here we show that STDH is able to improve the spatial resolution as well. Differently from other super-resolution approaches, stitching between holograms or their spectra is no longer required. Moreover, we introduce a new STDH modality to record and process hybrid space-time representations. This allows improving resolution with one single object scan, paving the way to the use of STDH for super resolution imaging onboard Lab on a Chip devices.
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13
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Bianco V, Wang Z, Cui Y, Paturzo M, Ferraro P. Resolution gain in space-time digital holography by self-assembling of the object frequencies. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:4248-4251. [PMID: 30160763 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Space-time digital holography (STDH) exploits the object motion to record the hologram in a hybrid ST domain. This representation adds new capabilities to conventional DH, e.g., unlimited field of view and variable phase shifting. This is the best candidate for imaging biological samples flowing in microfluidic channels. Here, we show that STDH is able to improve the spatial resolution as well. Different from other super-resolution approaches, stitching between holograms or their spectra is no longer required. Moreover, we introduce a new oblique STDH modality to record and process hybrid ST representations. This allows improving resolution in 2D with one single object scan, paving the way to the use of STDH for super-resolution imaging onboard microfluidic devices.
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14
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Yan K, Xue L, Wang S. Field of view scanning based quantitative interferometric microscopic cytometers for cellular imaging and analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:397-407. [PMID: 29315973 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Microimaging is of great significance in the biological and medical fields, since it can realize observations acting as important references for cellular research and disease diagnosis. However, traditional microscopy only offers qualitative sample contours; moreover, it is difficult to reach large-amount sample observations limited by the fixed field of view (FoV). To realize massive cellular measurements quantitatively, three designed quantitative interferometric microscopic cytometers based on the FoV scanning are introduced and compared in details in this article. These devices not only retrieve the quantitative sample phase distributions in the extended FoV, but also provide the detailed information of massive cells, such as cellular volume, area, and roundness. Considering their capabilities as quantitative imaging and large-amount sampling, it is believed that these quantitative interferometric microscopic cytometers (QIMCs) can be potentially adopted in high-throughput cell imaging and statistical analysis for both the biological and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keding Yan
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.,Sinmotec LLC, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215611, China
| | - Liang Xue
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China.,Sinmotec LLC, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215611, China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Computational Optics Laboratory, Department of Optoelectric Information Science and Technology, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.,Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,Sinmotec LLC, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215611, China
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15
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Liu L, Yang G, Liu S, Wang L, Yang X, Qu H, Liu X, Cao L, Pan W, Li H. High-throughput imaging of zebrafish embryos using a linear-CCD-based flow imaging system. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:5651-5662. [PMID: 29296494 PMCID: PMC5745109 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput imaging and screening is essential for biomedical research and drug discovery using miniature model organisms such as zebrafish. This study introduces a high-speed imaging system which illuminates zebrafish embryos flowing through a capillary tube with a sheet of light and captures them using a linear charge-coupled device (CCD). This system can image dozens of zebrafish embryos per second. An image algorithm was developed to recognize each embryo and to perform automatic analysis. We distinguished dead and living embryos according to the gray level distribution and conducted statistics of morphological characteristics of embryos at different growing stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Liu
- School of Electronic Engineering and Optoelectronics Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Shoupeng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Xibin Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Huiming Qu
- School of Electronic Engineering and Optoelectronics Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiaofen Liu
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Le Cao
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weijun Pan
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
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16
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Bianco V, Mandracchia B, Marchesano V, Pagliarulo V, Olivieri F, Coppola S, Paturzo M, Ferraro P. Endowing a plain fluidic chip with micro-optics: a holographic microscope slide. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e17055. [PMID: 30167297 PMCID: PMC6062330 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-Chip (LoC) devices are extremely promising in that they enable diagnostic functions at the point-of-care. Within this scope, an important goal is to design imaging schemes that can be used out of the laboratory. In this paper, we introduce and test a pocket holographic slide that allows digital holography microscopy to be performed without an interferometer setup. Instead, a commercial off-the-shelf plastic chip is engineered and functionalized with this aim. The microfluidic chip is endowed with micro-optics, that is, a diffraction grating and polymeric lenses, to build an interferometer directly on the chip, avoiding the need for a reference arm and external bulky optical components. Thanks to the single-beam scheme, the system is completely integrated and robust against vibrations, sharing the useful features of any common path interferometer. Hence, it becomes possible to bring holographic functionalities out of the lab, moving complexity from the external optical apparatus to the chip itself. Label-free imaging and quantitative phase contrast mapping of live samples are demonstrated, along with flexible refocusing capabilities. Thus, a liquid volume can be analyzed in one single shot with no need for mechanical scanning systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Bianco
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems—Italian National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli 80078, Italy
| | - Biagio Mandracchia
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems—Italian National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli 80078, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’, P.le Tecchio 80, Napoli 80100, Italy
| | - Valentina Marchesano
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems—Italian National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli 80078, Italy
| | - Vito Pagliarulo
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems—Italian National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli 80078, Italy
| | - Federico Olivieri
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems—Italian National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli 80078, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’, P.le Tecchio 80, Napoli 80100, Italy
| | - Sara Coppola
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems—Italian National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli 80078, Italy
| | - Melania Paturzo
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems—Italian National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli 80078, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems—Italian National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli 80078, Italy
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17
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Wu Y, Ozcan A. Lensless digital holographic microscopy and its applications in biomedicine and environmental monitoring. Methods 2017; 136:4-16. [PMID: 28864356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical compound microscope has been a major tool in biomedical imaging for centuries. Its performance relies on relatively complicated, bulky and expensive lenses and alignment mechanics. In contrast, the lensless microscope digitally reconstructs microscopic images of specimens without using any lenses, as a result of which it can be made much smaller, lighter and lower-cost. Furthermore, the limited space-bandwidth product of objective lenses in a conventional microscope can be significantly surpassed by a lensless microscope. Such lensless imaging designs have enabled high-resolution and high-throughput imaging of specimens using compact, portable and cost-effective devices to potentially address various point-of-care, global-health and telemedicine related challenges. In this review, we discuss the operation principles and the methods behind lensless digital holographic on-chip microscopy. We also go over various applications that are enabled by cost-effective and compact implementations of lensless microscopy, including some recent work on air quality monitoring, which utilized machine learning for high-throughput and accurate quantification of particulate matter in air. Finally, we conclude with a brief future outlook of this computational imaging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Wu
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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18
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Mandracchia B, Bianco V, Wang Z, Mugnano M, Bramanti A, Paturzo M, Ferraro P. Holographic microscope slide in a spatio-temporal imaging modality for reliable 3D cell counting. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2831-2838. [PMID: 28722051 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00414a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the current trend of miniaturization and simplification of imaging flow cytometry, Lab-on-a-Chip (LoC) microfluidic devices represent an innovative and cost-effective solution. In this framework, we propose for the first time a novel platform based on the compactness of a holographic microscope slide (HMS) in combination with the new computational features of space-time digital holography (STDH) that uses a 1D linear sensor array (LSA) instead of 2D CCD or CMOS cameras to respond to real diagnostic needs. In this LoC platform, computational methods, holography, and microfluidics are intertwined in order to provide an imaging system with a reduced amount of optical components and capability to achieve reliable cell counting even in the absence of very accurate flow control. STDH exploits the sample motion into the microfluidic channel to obtain an unlimited field-of-view along the flow direction, independent of the magnification factor. Furthermore, numerical refocusing typical of a holographic modality allows imaging and visualization of the entire volume of the channel, thus avoiding loss of information due to the limited depth of focus of standard microscopes. Consequently, we believe that this platform could open new perspectives for enhancing the throughput by 3D volumetric imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Mandracchia
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems-Italian National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy.
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19
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Guo B, Lei C, Kobayashi H, Ito T, Yalikun Y, Jiang Y, Tanaka Y, Ozeki Y, Goda K. High-throughput, label-free, single-cell, microalgal lipid screening by machine-learning-equipped optofluidic time-stretch quantitative phase microscopy. Cytometry A 2017; 91:494-502. [PMID: 28399328 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of reliable, sustainable, and economical sources of alternative fuels to petroleum is required to tackle the global energy crisis. One such alternative is microalgal biofuel, which is expected to play a key role in reducing the detrimental effects of global warming as microalgae absorb atmospheric CO2 via photosynthesis. Unfortunately, conventional analytical methods only provide population-averaged lipid amounts and fail to characterize a diverse population of microalgal cells with single-cell resolution in a non-invasive and interference-free manner. Here high-throughput label-free single-cell screening of lipid-producing microalgal cells with optofluidic time-stretch quantitative phase microscopy was demonstrated. In particular, Euglena gracilis, an attractive microalgal species that produces wax esters (suitable for biodiesel and aviation fuel after refinement), within lipid droplets was investigated. The optofluidic time-stretch quantitative phase microscope is based on an integration of a hydrodynamic-focusing microfluidic chip, an optical time-stretch quantitative phase microscope, and a digital image processor equipped with machine learning. As a result, it provides both the opacity and phase maps of every single cell at a high throughput of 10,000 cells/s, enabling accurate cell classification without the need for fluorescent staining. Specifically, the dataset was used to characterize heterogeneous populations of E. gracilis cells under two different culture conditions (nitrogen-sufficient and nitrogen-deficient) and achieve the cell classification with an error rate of only 2.15%. The method holds promise as an effective analytical tool for microalgae-based biofuel production. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Cheng Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | - Takuro Ito
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Laboratory for Integrated Biodevices, Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yiyue Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Laboratory for Integrated Biodevices, Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ozeki
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan.,Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095
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20
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Singh DK, Ahrens CC, Li W, Vanapalli SA. Label-free fingerprinting of tumor cells in bulk flow using inline digital holographic microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:536-554. [PMID: 28270966 PMCID: PMC5330580 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale and label-free phenotyping of cells holds great promise in medicine, especially in cancer diagnostics and prognosis. Here, we introduce inline digital holography microscopy for volumetric imaging of cells in bulk flow and fingerprinting of flowing tumor cells based on two metrics, in-focus scattered intensity and cell diameter. Using planar distribution of immobilized particles, we identify the optimal recording distance and microscope objective magnification that minimizes the error in measurement of particle position, size and scattered intensity. Using the optimized conditions and the two metrics, we demonstrate the capacity to enumerate and fingerprint more than 100,000 cells. Finally, we highlight the power of our label-free and high throughput technology by characterizing breast tumor cell lines with different metastatic potentials and distinguishing drug resistant ovarian cancer cells from their parental cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline C. Ahrens
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Siva A. Vanapalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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21
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Meng X, Huang H, Yan K, Tian X, Yu W, Cui H, Kong Y, Xue L, Liu C, Wang S. Smartphone based hand-held quantitative phase microscope using the transport of intensity equation method. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 17:104-109. [PMID: 27929181 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01321j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to realize high contrast imaging with portable devices for potential mobile healthcare, we demonstrate a hand-held smartphone based quantitative phase microscope using the transport of intensity equation method. With a cost-effective illumination source and compact microscope system, multi-focal images of samples can be captured by the smartphone's camera via manual focusing. Phase retrieval is performed using a self-developed Android application, which calculates sample phases from multi-plane intensities via solving the Poisson equation. We test the portable microscope using a random phase plate with known phases, and to further demonstrate its performance, a red blood cell smear, a Pap smear and monocot root and broad bean epidermis sections are also successfully imaged. Considering its advantages as an accurate, high-contrast, cost-effective and field-portable device, the smartphone based hand-held quantitative phase microscope is a promising tool which can be adopted in the future in remote healthcare and medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Meng
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Huachuan Huang
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China and School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Keding Yan
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xiaolin Tian
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Haoyang Cui
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China.
| | - Yan Kong
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Liang Xue
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China.
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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22
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Mathieu E, Paul CD, Stahl R, Vanmeerbeeck G, Reumers V, Liu C, Konstantopoulos K, Lagae L. Time-lapse lens-free imaging of cell migration in diverse physical microenvironments. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3304-16. [PMID: 27436197 PMCID: PMC4987231 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00860g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Time-lapse imaging of biological samples is important for understanding complex (patho)physiological processes. A growing number of point-of-care biomedical assays rely on real-time imaging of flowing or migrating cells. However, the cost and complexity of integrating experimental models simulating physiologically relevant microenvironments with bulky imaging systems that offer sufficient spatiotemporal resolution limit the use of time-lapse assays in research and clinical settings. This paper introduces a compact and affordable lens-free imaging (LFI) device based on the principle of coherent in-line, digital holography for time-lapse cell migration assays. The LFI device combines single-cell resolution (1.2 μm) with a large field of view (6.4 × 4.6 mm(2)), thus rendering it ideal for high-throughput applications and removing the need for expensive and bulky programmable motorized stages. The set-up is so compact that it can be housed in a standard cell culture incubator, thereby avoiding custom-built stage top incubators. LFI is thoroughly benchmarked against conventional live-cell phase contrast microscopy for random cell motility on two-dimensional (2D) surfaces and confined migration on 1D-microprinted lines and in microchannels using breast adenocarcinoma cells. The quality of the results obtained by the two imaging systems is comparable, and they reveal that cells migrate more efficiently upon increasing confinement. Interestingly, assays of confined migration more readily distinguish the migratory potential of metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells from non-metastatic MCF7 cells relative to traditional 2D migration assays. Altogether, this single-cell migration study establishes LFI as an elegant and useful tool for live-cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Mathieu
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. and Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Colin D Paul
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Liesbet Lagae
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. and Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Demosaiced pixel super-resolution for multiplexed holographic color imaging. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28601. [PMID: 27353242 PMCID: PMC4926095 DOI: 10.1038/srep28601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To synthesize a holographic color image, one can sequentially take three holograms at different wavelengths, e.g., at red (R), green (G) and blue (B) parts of the spectrum, and digitally merge them. To speed up the imaging process by a factor of three, a Bayer color sensor-chip can also be used to demultiplex three wavelengths that simultaneously illuminate the sample and digitally retrieve individual set of holograms using the known transmission spectra of the Bayer color filters. However, because the pixels of different channels (R, G, B) on a Bayer color sensor are not at the same physical location, conventional demosaicing techniques generate color artifacts in holographic imaging using simultaneous multi-wavelength illumination. Here we demonstrate that pixel super-resolution can be merged into the color de-multiplexing process to significantly suppress the artifacts in wavelength-multiplexed holographic color imaging. This new approach, termed Demosaiced Pixel Super-Resolution (D-PSR), generates color images that are similar in performance to sequential illumination at three wavelengths, and therefore improves the speed of holographic color imaging by 3-fold. D-PSR method is broadly applicable to holographic microscopy applications, where high-resolution imaging and multi-wavelength illumination are desired.
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24
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Vespini V, Coppola S, Todino M, Paturzo M, Bianco V, Grilli S, Ferraro P. Forward electrohydrodynamic inkjet printing of optical microlenses on microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:326-33. [PMID: 26660423 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01386k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel method for direct printing of viscous polymers based on a pyro-electrohydrodynamic repulsion system capable of overcoming limitations on the material type, geometry and thickness of the receiving substrate. In fact, the results demonstrate that high viscosity polymers can be easily manipulated for optical functionalizing of lab-on-a-chip devices through demonstration of direct printing of polymer microlenses onto microfluidic chips and optical fibre terminations. The present system has great potential for applications from biomolecules to nano-electronics. Moreover, in order to prove the effectiveness of the system, the optical performance of such microlenses has been characterized by testing their imaging capabilities when the fibroblast cells were allowed to flow inside the microfluidic channel, showing one of their possible applications on-board a LoC platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vespini
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent System (CNR-ISASI), Italy.
| | - S Coppola
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent System (CNR-ISASI), Italy.
| | - M Todino
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Italy
| | - M Paturzo
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent System (CNR-ISASI), Italy.
| | - V Bianco
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent System (CNR-ISASI), Italy.
| | - S Grilli
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent System (CNR-ISASI), Italy.
| | - P Ferraro
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent System (CNR-ISASI), Italy.
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25
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Servin M, Padilla M, Garnica G. 360-degrees profilometry using strip-light projection coupled to Fourier phase-demodulation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:168-179. [PMID: 26832248 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
360 degrees (360°) digitalization of three dimensional (3D) solids using a projected light-strip is a well-established technique in academic and commercial profilometers. These profilometers project a light-strip over the digitizing solid while the solid is rotated a full revolution or 360-degrees. Then, a computer program typically extracts the centroid of this light-strip, and by triangulation one obtains the shape of the solid. Here instead of using intensity-based light-strip centroid estimation, we propose to use Fourier phase-demodulation for 360° solid digitalization. The advantage of Fourier demodulation over strip-centroid estimation is that the accuracy of phase-demodulation linearly-increases with the fringe density, while in strip-light the centroid-estimation errors are independent. Here we proposed first to construct a carrier-frequency fringe-pattern by closely adding the individual light-strip images recorded while the solid is being rotated. Next, this high-density fringe-pattern is phase-demodulated using the standard Fourier technique. To test the feasibility of this Fourier demodulation approach, we have digitized two solids with increasing topographic complexity: a Rubik's cube and a plastic model of a human-skull. According to our results, phase demodulation based on the Fourier technique is less noisy than triangulation based on centroid light-strip estimation. Moreover, Fourier demodulation also provides the amplitude of the analytic signal which is a valuable information for the visualization of surface details.
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26
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Patabadige DEW, Jia S, Sibbitts J, Sadeghi J, Sellens K, Culbertson CT. Micro Total Analysis Systems: Fundamental Advances and Applications. Anal Chem 2015; 88:320-38. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damith E. W. Patabadige
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Shu Jia
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jay Sibbitts
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jalal Sadeghi
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
- Laser & Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Kathleen Sellens
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Christopher T. Culbertson
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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