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Goudu SR, Kim H, Hu X, Lim B, Kim K, Torati SR, Ceylan H, Sheehan D, Sitti M, Kim C. Mattertronics for programmable manipulation and multiplex storage of pseudo-diamagnetic holes and label-free cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3024. [PMID: 34021137 PMCID: PMC8139950 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulating and separating single label-free cells without biomarker conjugation have attracted significant interest in the field of single-cell research, but digital circuitry control and multiplexed individual storage of single label-free cells remain a challenge. Herein, by analogy with the electrical circuitry elements and electronical holes, we develop a pseudo-diamagnetophoresis (PsD) mattertronic approach in the presence of biocompatible ferrofluids for programmable manipulation and local storage of single PsD holes and label-free cells. The PsD holes conduct along linear negative micro-magnetic patterns. Further, eclipse diode patterns similar to the electrical diode can implement directional and selective switching of different PsD holes and label-free cells based on the diode geometry. Different eclipse heights and junction gaps influence the switching efficiency of PsD holes for mattertronic circuitry manipulation and separation. Moreover, single PsD holes are stored at each potential well as in an electrical storage capacitor, preventing multiple occupancies of PsD holes in the array of individual compartments due to magnetic Coulomb-like interaction. This approach may enable the development of large programmable arrays of label-free matters with high throughput, efficiency, and reliability as multiplex cell research platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Rani Goudu
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hyeonseol Kim
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Xinghao Hu
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Byeonghwa Lim
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunwoo Kim
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sri Ramulu Torati
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakan Ceylan
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Devin Sheehan
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - CheolGi Kim
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Rampini S, Li P, Gandhi D, Mutas M, Ran YF, Carr M, Lee GU. Design of micromagnetic arrays for on-chip separation of superparamagnetic bead aggregates and detection of a model protein and double-stranded DNA analytes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5302. [PMID: 33674645 PMCID: PMC7935980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetically actuated lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technologies have enabled rapid, highly efficient separation of specific biomarkers and cells from complex biological samples. Nonlinear magnetophoresis (NLM) is a technique that uses a microfabricated magnet array (MMA) and a time varying external magnetic field to precisely control the transport of superparamagnetic (SPM) beads on the surface of a chip based on their size and magnetization. We analyze the transport and separation behavior of SPM monomers and dimers on four MMA geometries, i.e., circular, triangular, square and rectangular shaped micromagnets, across a range of external magnetic field rotation frequencies. The measured critical frequency of the SPM beads on an MMA, i.e., the velocity for which the hydrodynamic drag on a bead exceeds the magnetic force, is closely related to the local magnetic flux density landscape on a micromagnet in the presence of an external magnetic field. A set of design criteria has been established for the optimization of MMAs for NLM separation, with particular focus on the shape of the micromagnets forming the array. The square MMA was used to detect a model protein biomarker and gene fragment based on a magnetic bead assembly (MBA) assay. This assay uses ligand functionalized SPM beads to capture and directly detect an analyte through the formation of SPM bead aggregates. These beads aggregates were detected through NLM separation and microscopic analysis resulting in a highly sensitive assay that did not use carrier fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Rampini
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peng Li
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dhruv Gandhi
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marina Mutas
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ying Fen Ran
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Carr
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Gil U Lee
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland. .,Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Li P, Gandhi D, Mutas M, Ran YF, Carr M, Rampini S, Hall W, Lee GU. Direct identification of the herpes simplex virus UL27 gene through single particle manipulation and optical detection using a micromagnetic array. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:3482-3490. [PMID: 31971211 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10362g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnetophoretic lab on a chip technologies are rapidly evolving into integrated systems for the identification of biomarkers and cells with ultra-high sensitivity. We demonstrate the highly efficient detection of the Human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV) UL27 gene through the programmed assembly of superparamagnetic (SPM) nanoparticles based on oligonucleotide hybridization. The state of assembly of the SPM nanoparticles was determined by optical signature of the synchronized motion on the beads on a micromagnetic array (MMA). This technique has been used to identify <200 copies of the HSV UL27 gene without amplification in less than 20 minutes. The MAA can also be used to separate gene-SPM bead aggregates from millions of unreacted SPM beads based on nonlinear magnetophoresis (NLM). The MMA-optical detection system promises to enable highly sensitive, nucleic acid analysis to be performed without amplification and with the consumption of minimal amounts of reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Dhruv Gandhi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Marina Mutas
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Yin-Fen Ran
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Michael Carr
- UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland and Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Stefano Rampini
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - William Hall
- UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gil U Lee
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Wu J, Lin JM. Microfluidic Technology for Single-Cell Capture and Isolation. MICROFLUIDICS FOR SINGLE-CELL ANALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9729-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yang S, Li L, Yin S, Shang Y, Khan MUZ, He X, Yuan L, Gao X, Liu X, Cai J. Single-domain antibodies as promising experimental tools in imaging and isolation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8931-8942. [PMID: 30143837 PMCID: PMC7080177 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Single-domain antibody (sdAb) or nanobody possesses specific features non-accessible for conventional antibodies that make them suitable for research and biotechnological applications. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes lethal diarrhea in piglets, resulting in great economic losses all over the world. To detect and isolate PEDV rapidly and accurately is important for the control and further research of the clinical PEDV strains. In this study, four sdAb fragments (sdAb-Mc19/29/30/37) targeting the membrane (M) protein of PEDV were selected from sdAb library that was constructed through M protein-immunized Camelus bactrianus. The selected sdAb-Mcs were solubly expressed in Escherichia coli. The functional characteristics analysis revealed that the recombinant sdAb-Mcs have excellent binding activity and specificity to M protein but have no neutralizing activity to PEDV. For further application, sdAb-Mc37 was conjugated with quantum dots to synthesize a nanoprobe for imaging PEDV in vero cells. The observed fluorescence in vero cells clearly reflects that PEDV virions can be reliably recognized and labeled by the nanoprobe. Furthermore, the sdAb-Mc29 was conjugated with superparamagnetic nanobeads to construct immunomagnetic nanobeads (IMNBs) used to isolate PEDV. One PEDV strain was successfully isolated from clinical fecal sample, suggesting IMNBs as a novel and efficient tool suitable for PEDV isolation from clinical samples. This study provided a novel application and substantiated the suitability of sdAb as a specific binder for the isolation of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Yanchangbu, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Yanchangbu, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Shuanghui Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Yanchangbu, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China.
| | - Youjun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Yanchangbu, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Muhammad Umar Zafar Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Yanchangbu, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Xueyang He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Yanchangbu, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Yanchangbu, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Xue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Yanchangbu, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Yanchangbu, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Yanchangbu, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
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Hu X, Lim B, Torati SR, Ding J, Novosad V, Im MY, Reddy V, Kim K, Jung E, Shawl AI, Kim E, Kim C. Autonomous Magnetic Microrobots by Navigating Gates for Multiple Biomolecules Delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800504. [PMID: 29740954 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The precise delivery of biofunctionalized matters is of great interest from the fundamental and applied viewpoints. In spite of significant progress achieved during the last decade, a parallel and automated isolation and manipulation of rare analyte, and their simultaneous on-chip separation and trapping, still remain challenging. Here, a universal micromagnet junction for self-navigating gates of microrobotic particles to deliver the biomolecules to specific sites using a remote magnetic field is described. In the proposed concept, the nonmagnetic gap between the lithographically defined donor and acceptor micromagnets creates a crucial energy barrier to restrict particle gating. It is shown that by carefully designing the geometry of the junctions, it becomes possible to deliver multiple protein-functionalized carriers in high resolution, as well as MCF-7 and THP-1 cells from the mixture, with high fidelity and trap them in individual apartments. Integration of such junctions with magnetophoretic circuitry elements could lead to novel platforms without retrieving for the synchronous digital manipulation of particles/biomolecules in microfluidic multiplex arrays for next-generation biochips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghao Hu
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonghwa Lim
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sri Ramulu Torati
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Junjia Ding
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Valentine Novosad
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Mi-Young Im
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Venu Reddy
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunwoo Kim
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoo Jung
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Asif Iqbal Shawl
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Nano-Bio-materials Division, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - CheolGi Kim
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
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Gahl TJ, Kunze A. Force-Mediating Magnetic Nanoparticles to Engineer Neuronal Cell Function. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:299. [PMID: 29867315 PMCID: PMC5962660 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular processes like membrane deformation, cell migration, and transport of organelles are sensitive to mechanical forces. Technically, these cellular processes can be manipulated through operating forces at a spatial precision in the range of nanometers up to a few micrometers through chaperoning force-mediating nanoparticles in electrical, magnetic, or optical field gradients. But which force-mediating tool is more suitable to manipulate cell migration, and which, to manipulate cell signaling? We review here the differences in forces sensation to control and engineer cellular processes inside and outside the cell, with a special focus on neuronal cells. In addition, we discuss technical details and limitations of different force-mediating approaches and highlight recent advancements of nanomagnetics in cell organization, communication, signaling, and intracellular trafficking. Finally, we give suggestions about how force-mediating nanoparticles can be used to our advantage in next-generation neurotherapeutic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Kunze
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
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Rampini S, Li P, Lee GU. Micromagnet arrays enable precise manipulation of individual biological analyte-superparamagnetic bead complexes for separation and sensing. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3645-63. [PMID: 27542153 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00707d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we review lab on a chip (LOC) devices that have been developed for processing magnetically labelled biological analytes, e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, viruses and cells, based on micromagnetic structures and a time-varying magnetic field. We describe the methods that have been developed for fabricating micromagnetic arrays and the bioprocessing operations that have been demonstrated using superparamagnetic (SPM) beads, i.e., programmed transport, switching, separation of specific analytes, and pumping and mixing of fluids in microchannels. The primary advantage of micromagnet devices is that they make it possible to develop systems that control individual SPM beads, enabling high-efficiency separation and analysis. These devices do not require hydrodynamic control and lend themselves to parallel processing of large arrays of SPM beads with modest levels of power consumption. Micromagnet devices are well suited for bioanalytical applications that require high-resolution separation, e.g., detection of rare cell types such as circulating tumour cells, or biosensor applications that require multiple magnetic bioprocessing operations on a single chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rampini
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, UCD, Dublin, Ireland.
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