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Jiang M, Huizenga MCW, Mohr F, Amedi A, Bakker R, van den Berg RJBHN, Deng H, van der Wel T, van Boeckel CAA, van der Stelt M. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Aryl Sulfoxides as Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024; 67:12331-12348. [PMID: 38988250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the key enzyme for the hydrolysis of endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). The central role of MAGL in the metabolism of 2-AG makes it an attractive therapeutic target for a variety of disorders, including inflammation-induced tissue injury, pain, multiple sclerosis, and cancer. Previously, we reported LEI-515, an aryl sulfoxide, as a peripherally restricted, covalent reversible MAGL inhibitor that reduced neuropathic pain and inflammation in preclinical models. Here, we describe the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of aryl sulfoxides as MAGL inhibitors that led to the identification of LEI-515. Optimization of the potency of high-throughput screening (HTS) hit 1 yielded compound ±43. However, ±43 was not metabolically stable due to its ester moiety. Replacing the ester group with α-CF2 ketone led to the identification of compound ±73 (LEI-515) as a metabolically stable MAGL inhibitor with subnanomolar potency. LEI-515 is a promising compound to harness the therapeutic potential of MAGL inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam C W Huizenga
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Florian Mohr
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Avand Amedi
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Renze Bakker
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | | | - Hui Deng
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Wel
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Constant A A van Boeckel
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
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2
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Kumar G, Adhikrao PA. Targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis iron-scavenging tools: a recent update on siderophores inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1885-1913. [PMID: 37859726 PMCID: PMC10583813 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00201b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the various bacterial infections, tuberculosis (TB) remains a life-threatening infectious disease responsible as the most significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The co-infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in association with TB burdens the healthcare system substantially. Notably, M.tb possesses defence against most antitubercular antibiotic drugs, and the efficacy of existing frontline anti-TB drugs is waning. Also, new and recurring cases of TB from resistant bacteria such as multidrug-resistant TB (MDR), extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR), and totally drug-resistant TB (TDR) strains are increasing. Hence, TB begs the scientific community to explore the new therapeutic class of compounds with their novel mechanism. M.tb requires iron from host cells to sustain, grow, and carry out several biological processes. M.tb has developed strategic methods of acquiring iron from the surrounding environment. In this communication, we discuss an overview of M.tb iron-scavenging tools. Also, we have summarized recently identified MbtA and MbtI inhibitors, which prevent M.tb from scavenging iron. These iron-scavenging tool inhibitors have the potential to be developed as anti-TB agents/drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad (NIPER-Hyderabad) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Patil Amruta Adhikrao
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad (NIPER-Hyderabad) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
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3
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Kumar G, C A. Natural products and their analogues acting against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A recent update. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:779-804. [PMID: 37086027 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). It is responsible for significant causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. M.tb possesses robust defense mechanisms against most antibiotic drugs and host responses due to their complex cell membranes with unique lipid molecules. Thus, the efficacy of existing front-line drugs is diminishing, and new and recurring cases of TB arising from multidrug-resistant M.tb are increasing. TB begs the scientific community to explore novel therapeutic avenues. A precise knowledge of the compounds with their mode of action could aid in developing new anti-TB agents that can kill latent and actively multiplying M.tb. This can help in the shortening of the anti-TB regimen and can improve the outcome of treatment strategies. Natural products have contributed several antibiotics for TB treatment. The sources of anti-TB drugs/inhibitors discussed in this work are target-based identification/cell-based and phenotypic screening from natural products. Some of the recently identified natural products derived leads have reached clinical stages of TB drug development, which include rifapentine, CPZEN-45, spectinamide-1599 and 1810. We believe these anti-TB agents could emerge as superior therapeutic compounds to treat TB over known Food and Drug Administration drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Amrutha C
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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4
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Barrows RD, Jeffries DE, Vishe M, Tukachinsky H, Zheng SL, Li F, Ma Z, Li X, Jin S, Song H, Zhang R, Zhang S, Ni J, Luan H, Wen L, Rongshan Y, Ying C, Shair MD. Potent Uncompetitive Inhibitors of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase (NNMT) as In Vivo Chemical Probes. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14642-14654. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Barrows
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Daniel E. Jeffries
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Mahesh Vishe
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Hanna Tukachinsky
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Fanfan Li
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Zhenjie Ma
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Shujuan Jin
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Haobin Song
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Ruonan Zhang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Shaofeng Zhang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Jing Ni
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Haofei Luan
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Lei Wen
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yan Rongshan
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., #288 FuTe ZhongLu WaiGaoQiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Chen Ying
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., #288 FuTe ZhongLu WaiGaoQiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Matthew D. Shair
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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5
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Sourimant J, Lieber CM, Yoon JJ, Toots M, Govindarajan M, Udumula V, Sakamoto K, Natchus MG, Patti J, Vernachio J, Plemper RK. Orally efficacious lead of the AVG inhibitor series targeting a dynamic interface in the respiratory syncytial virus polymerase. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo2236. [PMID: 35749502 PMCID: PMC9232112 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory infections in infants and the immunocompromised, yet no efficient therapeutic exists. We have identified the AVG class of allosteric inhibitors of RSV RNA synthesis. Here, we demonstrate through biolayer interferometry and in vitro RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) assays that AVG compounds bind to the viral polymerase, stalling the polymerase in initiation conformation. Resistance profiling revealed a unique escape pattern, suggesting a discrete docking pose. Affinity mapping using photoreactive AVG analogs identified the interface of polymerase core, capping, and connector domains as a molecular target site. A first-generation lead showed nanomolar potency against RSV in human airway epithelium organoids but lacked in vivo efficacy. Docking pose-informed synthetic optimization generated orally efficacious AVG-388, which showed potent efficacy in the RSV mouse model when administered therapeutically. This study maps a druggable target in the RSV RdRP and establishes clinical potential of the AVG chemotype against RSV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Sourimant
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Carolin M. Lieber
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jeong-Joong Yoon
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Mart Toots
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | | | - Venkata Udumula
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kaori Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Michael G. Natchus
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Joseph Patti
- Aviragen Therapeutics Inc, Alpharetta, GA 30009, USA
| | | | - Richard K. Plemper
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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6
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Laws M, Jin P, Rahman KM. Efflux pumps in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their inhibition to tackle antimicrobial resistance. Trends Microbiol 2021; 30:57-68. [PMID: 34052094 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, was the leading cause of mortality worldwide in 2019 due to a single infectious agent. The growing threat of strains of M. tuberculosis untreatable by modern antibiotic regimens only exacerbates this problem. In response to this continued public health emergency, research into methods of potentiating currently approved antimicrobial agents against resistant strains of M. tuberculosis is an urgent priority, and a key strategy in this regard is the design of mycobacterial efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs). This review summarises the current state of knowledge surrounding drug-related efflux pumps in M. tuberculosis and presents recent updates within the field of mycobacterial EPIs with a view to aiding the design of an effective adjunct therapy to overcome efflux-mediated resistance in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Laws
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Peiqin Jin
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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7
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Stephanie F, Saragih M, Tambunan USF. Recent Progress and Challenges for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050592. [PMID: 33919204 PMCID: PMC8143172 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection continues to be an issue, particularly in countries with a high tuberculosis (TB) burden in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. The effort to reduce the catastrophic cost of TB with the WHO’s End TB Strategy in 2035 is still obstructed by the emergence of drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) cases as result of various mutations of the MTB strain. In the approach to combat DR-TB, several potential antitubercular agents were discovered as inhibitors for various existing and novel targets. Host-directed therapy and immunotherapy also gained attention as the drug-susceptibility level of the pathogen can be reduced due to the pathogen’s evolutionary dynamics. This review is focused on the current progress and challenges in DR-TB treatment. We briefly summarized antitubercular compounds that are under development and trials for both DR-TB drug candidates and host-directed therapy. We also highlighted several problems in DR-TB diagnosis, the treatment regimen, and drug discovery that have an impact on treatment adherence and treatment failure.
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8
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Johnson BM, Shu YZ, Zhuo X, Meanwell NA. Metabolic and Pharmaceutical Aspects of Fluorinated Compounds. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6315-6386. [PMID: 32182061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The applications of fluorine in drug design continue to expand, facilitated by an improved understanding of its effects on physicochemical properties and the development of synthetic methodologies that are providing access to new fluorinated motifs. In turn, studies of fluorinated molecules are providing deeper insights into the effects of fluorine on metabolic pathways, distribution, and disposition. Despite the high strength of the C-F bond, the departure of fluoride from metabolic intermediates can be facile. This reactivity has been leveraged in the design of mechanism-based enzyme inhibitors and has influenced the metabolic fate of fluorinated compounds. In this Perspective, we summarize the literature associated with the metabolism of fluorinated molecules, focusing on examples where the presence of fluorine influences the metabolic profile. These studies have revealed potentially problematic outcomes with some fluorinated motifs and are enhancing our understanding of how fluorine should be deployed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Johnson
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yue-Zhong Shu
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Xiaoliang Zhuo
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
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9
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Vaddady PK, Trivedi A, Rathi C, Madhura DB, Liu J, Lee RE, Meibohm B. Dynamic time-kill curve characterization of spectinamide antibiotics 1445 and 1599 for the treatment of tuberculosis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 127:233-239. [PMID: 30419293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Spectinamides are a novel class of antibiotics under development for the treatment of MDR- and XDR-tuberculosis, with 1599 and 1445 as early lead candidates within this group. In order to evaluate and differentiate the pharmacological properties of these compounds and assist in candidate selection and design of optimal dosing regimens in animal models of Mtb infection, time kill curve assessments were performed in a previously established in vitro PK/PD model system. The performed studies and subsequent pharmacometric analysis indicate that the anti-mycobacterial activity of 1599 exhibits concentration-dependent killing whereas 1445 shows time-dependent killing. These findings are supported by the fact that the PKPD index that best describes bacterial killing is T > MIC for 1445, but fCmax/AUC for 1599. The differential killing behavior among the lead candidates can be rationalized by the differences in post-antibiotic effect: 15.7 h for 1445 compared the 133 h for 1599. Overall, the PK/PD based analysis of the in vitro pharmacologic killing profile of spectinamides 1599 and 1445 on mycobacteria provided valuable insights that contributed to lead candidate selection and preclinical development of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan K Vaddady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ashit Trivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Chetan Rathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Dora B Madhura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jiuyu Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Richard E Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bernd Meibohm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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10
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Dorostkar-Ahmadi N, Davoodnia A, Tavakoli-Hoseini N, Behmadi H. Facile Synthesis of New 6-Alkylamino-1 H-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hossein Behmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch; Islamic Azad University; Mashhad Iran
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11
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J Libardo MD, Boshoff HI, Barry CE. The present state of the tuberculosis drug development pipeline. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 42:81-94. [PMID: 30144650 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis now ranks as the leading cause of death in the world due to a single infectious agent. Current standard of care treatment can achieve very high cure rates for drug-sensitive disease but requires a 6-month duration of chemotherapy. Drug-resistant disease requires significantly longer treatment durations with drugs associated with a higher risk of adverse events. Thus, there is a pressing need for a drug regimen that is safer, shorter in duration and superior to current front-line chemotherapy in terms of efficacy. The TB drug pipeline contains several candidates that address one or more of the required attributes of chemotherapeutic regimens that may redefine the standard of care of this disease. Several new drugs have been reported and novel targets have been identified allowing regimens containing new compounds to trickle into clinical studies. Furthermore, a recent paradigm-shift in understanding the pharmacokinetics of anti-tubercular drugs is revolutionizing the way we select compounds for clinical progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Daben J Libardo
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Helena Im Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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12
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Liu J, Bruhn DF, Lee RB, Zheng Z, Janusic T, Scherbakov D, Scherman MS, Boshoff HI, Das S, Rakesh, Waidyarachchi SL, Brewer TA, Gracia B, Yang L, Bollinger J, Robertson GT, Meibohm B, Lenaerts AJ, Ainsa J, Böttger EC, Lee RE. Structure-Activity Relationships of Spectinamide Antituberculosis Agents: A Dissection of Ribosomal Inhibition and Native Efflux Avoidance Contributions. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:72-88. [PMID: 28081607 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spectinamides are a novel class of antitubercular agents with the potential to treat drug-resistant tuberculosis infections. Their antitubercular activity is derived from both ribosomal affinity and their ability to overcome intrinsic efflux mediated by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1258c efflux pump. This study explores the structure-activity relationships through analysis of 50 targeted spectinamides. Compounds are evaluated for ribosomal translational inhibition, MIC activity in Rv1258c efflux pump deficient and wild type tuberculosis strains, and efficacy in an acute model of tuberculosis infection. The results of this study show a narrow structure-activity relationship, consistent with a tight ribosome-binding pocket and strict structural requirements to overcome native efflux. Rationalization of ribosomal inhibition data using molecular dynamics simulations showed stable complex formation for halogenated spectinamides consistent with the long post antibiotic effects observed. The lead spectinamides identified in this study demonstrated potent MIC activity against MDR and XDR tuberculosis and had desirable antitubercular class specific features including low protein binding, low microsomal metabolism, no cytotoxicity, and significant reductions in bacterial burdens in the lungs of mice infected with M. tuberculosis. The structure-activity relationships detailed here emphasize the need to examine efflux-mediated resistance in the design of antituberculosis drugs and demonstrate that it is possible to overcome intrinsic efflux with synthetic modification. The ability to understand the structure requirements for this class has produced a variety of new substituted spectinamides, which may provide useful alternative candidates and promote the further development of this class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyu Liu
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - David F. Bruhn
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Robin B. Lee
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Tanja Janusic
- Institut
für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Nationales Zentrum für
Mykobakterien, Universität Zürich, Rämistrasse 71, Gloriastrasse
30/32, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Scherbakov
- Institut
für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Nationales Zentrum für
Mykobakterien, Universität Zürich, Rämistrasse 71, Gloriastrasse
30/32, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael S. Scherman
- Mycobacterial
Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, 1682 Campus
Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Helena I. Boshoff
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National
Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, 33 North Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Sourav Das
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Rakesh
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Samanthi L. Waidyarachchi
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Tiffany A. Brewer
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Begoña Gracia
- Departamento
de Microbiologı́a, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública,
and BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza and CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lei Yang
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - John Bollinger
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Gregory T. Robertson
- Mycobacterial
Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, 1682 Campus
Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Bernd Meibohm
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Anne J. Lenaerts
- Mycobacterial
Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, 1682 Campus
Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jose Ainsa
- Departamento
de Microbiologı́a, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública,
and BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza and CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Erik C. Böttger
- Institut
für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Nationales Zentrum für
Mykobakterien, Universität Zürich, Rämistrasse 71, Gloriastrasse
30/32, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Richard E. Lee
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
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