1
|
Pineda De La O E, Alhazmi N, Ebbens SJ, Dunbar ADF. Influence of Additives on the In Situ Crystallization Dynamics of Methyl Ammonium Lead Halide Perovskites. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2021; 4:1398-1409. [PMID: 33644699 PMCID: PMC7903675 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.0c02625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the kinetics of the crystallization process for organometal halide perovskite formation is critical in determining the crystalline, nanoscale morphology and therefore the electronic properties of the films produced during thin film formation from solution. In this work, in situ grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and optical microscopy measurements are used to investigate the processes of nucleation and growth of pristine mixed halide perovskite (MAPbI3-x Cl x ) crystalline films deposited by bar coating at 60 °C, with and without additives in the solution. A small amount of 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) and hydriodic acid (HI) added to MAPbI3-x Cl x is shown to increase the numbers of nucleation centers promoting heterogeneous nucleation and accelerate and modify the size of nuclei during nucleation and growth. A generalized formation mechanism is derived from the overlapping parameters obtained from real-time GISAXS and optical microscopy, which revealed that during nucleation, perovskite precursors cluster before becoming the nuclei that function as elemental units for subsequent formation of perovskite crystals. Additive-free MAPbI3-x Cl x follows reaction-controlled growth, in contrast with when DIO and HI are present, and it is highly possible that the growth then follows a hindered diffusion-controlled mechanism. These results provide important details of the crystallization mechanisms occurring and will help to develop greater control over perovskite films produced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Pineda De La O
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
| | - Noura Alhazmi
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
| | - Stephen J. Ebbens
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
| | - Alan D. F. Dunbar
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang J, Wang H, Yan K, Zhang X, Chen H, Li CZ, Yu J. Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells Consisting of Double Bulk Heterojunction Layers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606729. [PMID: 28295706 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An organic solar cell (OSCs) containing double bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layers, namely, double-BHJ OSCs is constructed via stamp transferring of low bandgap BHJ atop of mediate bandgap active layers. Such devices allow a large gain in photocurrent to be obtained due to enhanced photoharvest, without suffering much from the fill factor drop usually seen in thick-layer-based devices. Overall, double-BHJ OSC with optimal ≈50 nm near-infrared PDPP3T:PC71 BM layer atop of ≈200 nm PTB7-Th:PC71 BM BHJ results in high power conversion efficiencies over 12%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Kangrong Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang HC, Tang LM, Zuo L, Chen H, Xu YX. Investigating the crystalline nature, charge transport properties and photovoltaic performances of ladder-type donor based small molecules. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15896f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene (IDTT) core promoted the crystallinity of ladder-type donor based small molecules and π-bridge structures could improve the photovoltaic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Chun Wang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Lu-Ming Tang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Lijian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yun-Xiang Xu
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| |
Collapse
|