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Forgham H, Kakinen A, Qiao R, Davis TP. Keeping up with the COVID's-Could siRNA-based antivirals be a part of the answer? EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 2:20220012. [PMID: 35941991 PMCID: PMC9349879 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This deadly infection has resulted in more than 5.2 million deaths worldwide. The global rollout of COVID-19 vaccines has without doubt saved countless lives by reducing the severity of symptoms for patients. However, as the virus continues to evolve, there is a risk that the vaccines and antiviral designed to target the infection will no longer be therapeutically viable. Furthermore, there remain fears over both the short and long-term side effects of repeat exposure to currently available vaccines. In this review, we discuss the pros and cons of the vaccine rollout and promote the idea of a COVID medicinal toolbox made up of different antiviral treatment modalities, and present some of the latest therapeutic strategies that are being explored in this respect to try to combat the COVID-19 virus and other COVID viruses that are predicted to follow. Lastly, we review current literature on the use of siRNA therapeutics as a way to remain adaptable and in tune with the ever-evolving mutation rate of the COVID-19 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Forgham
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Aleksandr Kakinen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Ruirui Qiao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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2
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Hama S, Nishi T, Isono E, Itakura S, Yoshikawa Y, Nishimoto A, Suzuki S, Kirimura N, Todo H, Kogure K. Intraperitoneal administration of nanoparticles containing tocopheryl succinate prevents peritoneal dissemination. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1779-1788. [PMID: 35253340 PMCID: PMC9128176 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraperitoneal administration of anticancer nanoparticles is a rational strategy for preventing peritoneal dissemination of colon cancer owing to the prolonged retention of nanoparticles in the abdominal cavity. However, instability of nanoparticles in body fluids causes inefficient retention, reducing its anticancer effects. We have previously developed anticancer nanoparticles containing tocopheryl succinate, which showed high in vivo stability and multifunctional anticancer effects. In the present study, we have demonstrated that peritoneal dissemination derived from colon cancer was prevented by intraperitoneal administration of tocopheryl succinate nanoparticles. The biodistribution of tocopheryl succinate nanoparticles was evaluated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy and imaging analysis in mice administered quantum dot encapsulated tocopheryl succinate nanoparticles. Intraperitoneal administration of tocopheryl succinate nanoparticles showed longer retention in the abdominal cavity than by its intravenous administration. Moreover, due to effective biodistribution, tumor growth was prevented by intraperitoneal administration of tocopheryl succinate nanoparticles. Furthermore, the anticancer effect was attributed to the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and improvement of the intraperitoneal microenvironment, such as decrease in the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A, interleukin 10, and M2-like phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages. Collectively, intraperitoneal administration of tocopheryl succinate nanoparticles is expected to have multifaceted antitumor effects against colon cancer with peritoneal dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Hama
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nishi
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Eitaro Isono
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Shoko Itakura
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yoshikawa
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, Kobe, 650-0046, Japan
| | - Akinori Nishimoto
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Satoko Suzuki
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Naoko Kirimura
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Todo
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kogure
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
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3
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Borrelli MA, Turnquist HR, Little SR. Biologics and their delivery systems: Trends in myocardial infarction. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:181-215. [PMID: 33775706 PMCID: PMC8178247 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death around the world, in which myocardial infarction (MI) is a precipitating event. However, current therapies do not adequately address the multiple dysregulated systems following MI. Consequently, recent studies have developed novel biologic delivery systems to more effectively address these maladies. This review utilizes a scientometric summary of the recent literature to identify trends among biologic delivery systems designed to treat MI. Emphasis is placed on sustained or targeted release of biologics (e.g. growth factors, nucleic acids, stem cells, chemokines) from common delivery systems (e.g. microparticles, nanocarriers, injectable hydrogels, implantable patches). We also evaluate biologic delivery system trends in the entire regenerative medicine field to identify emerging approaches that may translate to the treatment of MI. Future developments include immune system targeting through soluble factor or chemokine delivery, and the development of advanced delivery systems that facilitate the synergistic delivery of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Borrelli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 940 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Heth R Turnquist
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, 200 Darragh St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Steven R Little
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 940 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Forbes Tower, Suite 7057, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, 203 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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4
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Xie X, Zheng T, Li W. Recent Progress in Ionic Coassembly of Cationic Peptides and Anionic Species. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000534. [PMID: 33225490 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Peptide assembly has been extensively exploited as a promising platform for the creation of hierarchical nanostructures and tailor-made bioactive materials. Ionic coassembly of cationic peptides and anionic species is paving the way to provide particularly important contribution to this topic. In this review, the recent progress of ionic coassembly soft materials derived from the electrostatic coupling between cationic peptides and anionic species in aqueous solution is systematically summarized. The presentation of this review starts from a brief background on the general importance and advantages of peptide-based ionic coassembly. After that, diverse combinations of cationic peptides with small anions, macro- and/or oligo-anions, anionic polymers, and inorganic polyoxometalates are described. Emphasis is placed on the hierarchical structures, value-added properties, and applications. The molecular design of cationic peptides and the general principles behind the ionic coassembled structures are discussed. It is summarized that the combination of interesting and unique characteristics that arise both from the chemical diversity of peptides and the wide range of anionic species may contribute in a variety of output, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, gene transfection, and antibacterial activity. The emergent new phenomena and findings are illustrated. Finally, the outlook for the peptide-based ionic coassembly systems is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjing Avenue 2699, Changchun, 130012, China.,Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers' University, Xinzhou, Shanxi, 034000, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjing Avenue 2699, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjing Avenue 2699, Changchun, 130012, China
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5
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Wong S, Kemp JA, Shim MS, Kwon YJ. Solvent-driven, self-assembled acid-responsive poly(ketalized serine)/siRNA complexes for RNA interference. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6718-6729. [PMID: 33111729 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01478h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Advances in bionanotechnology aim to develop smart nucleic acid delivery carriers with stimuli-responsive features to overcome challenges such as non-biodegradability, rapid clearance, immune response, and reaching intracellular targets. Peptide-based nanomaterials have become widely used in the field of gene and drug delivery due to their structural versatility and biomimetic properties. Particularly, polypeptide gene vectors that respond to biological stimuli, such as acidic intracellular environments, have promising applications in mediating efficient endosomal escape and drug release. Unfortunately, synthesis strategies for efficient polymerization of acid-labile peptides have been limited due to conditions that fail to preserve acid-degradable functional groups. Stable urethane derivatives of the acid-labile amino acid ketalized serine (kSer) were synthesized and polymerized to a high molecular weight under permissive conditions independent of elevated temperature, restrictive solvents, or an inert atmosphere. A new formulation strategy utilizing solvent-driven self-assembly of poly(kSer) peptides with small interfering RNA (siRNA) was developed, and the resulting poly(kSer)/siRNA complexes were further cross-linked for reinforced stability under physiological conditions. The complexes were highly monodisperse and precisely spherical in morphology, which has significant clinical implications in definitive biodistribution, cellular internalization, and intracellular trafficking patterns. Self-assembled, cross-linked poly(kSer)/siRNA complexes demonstrated efficient nucleic acid encapsulation, internalization, endosomal escape, and acid-triggered cargo release, tackling multiple hurdles in siRNA delivery. The acid-responsive polypeptides and solvent-driven self-assembly strategies demonstrated in this study could be applicable to developing other efficient and safe delivery systems for gene and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Wong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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6
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He C, Yue H, Xu L, Liu Y, Song Y, Tang C, Yin C. siRNA release kinetics from polymeric nanoparticles correlate with RNAi efficiency and inflammation therapy via oral delivery. Acta Biomater 2020; 103:213-222. [PMID: 31812844 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite many efforts in the rational design of nanoparticles (NPs) to overcome the biological barriers to small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery for improving gene silencing efficiency, little is known about the correlations between siRNA release kinetics and RNA interference (RNAi) efficiency and inflammation therapy via oral delivery. On the basis of mannose-modified trimethyl chitosan-cysteine (MTC) polymers, seven types of MTC NPs containing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α siRNA were prepared through ionic gelation. The siRNA release kinetics from MTC NPs were finely tuned by adjusting the kinds and amounts of the crosslinkers involved. These MTC NPs exhibited no disparities in siRNA protection against enzymatic degradation in physiological fluids and cellular uptake in macrophages; however, they showed distinct in vitro siRNA release profiles and intracellular unpacking kinetics. MTC NPs with relatively rapid and sustained siRNA release were responsible for efficient, prompt, and prolonged RNAi, contributing to desired therapeutic efficacy in acute and chronic inflammatory murine models following oral delivery. However, MTC NPs insufficiently releasing siRNA could not elicit effective RNAi. Collectively, the present investigation might provide broad insights into the optimization of siRNA nanocarriers with respect to their release kinetics for improving RNAi efficacies aiming at different types of inflammatory diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: siRNA release kinetics in the cytoplasm and pathological characteristics of diseases themselves determine the therapeutic efficacy of siRNA delivery. Herein, by adjusting the kinds and amounts of the crosslinkers involved, we developed seven types of MTC NPs containing TNF-α siRNA with distinct siRNA release kinetics. MTC NPs with relatively rapid and sustained siRNA release were responsible for prompt and prolonged RNAi, respectively, contributing to desired therapeutic efficacy in acute and chronic inflammation following oral delivery. These results might provide broad insights into the optimization of siRNA nanocarriers in respect to their release kinetics for improving therapeutic outcomes toward different clinical requirements.
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7
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Malfanti A, Mastrotto F, Han Y, Král P, Balasso A, Scomparin A, Pozzi S, Satchi-Fainaro R, Salmaso S, Caliceti P. Novel Oligo-Guanidyl-PEG Carrier Forming Rod-Shaped Polyplexes. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1678-1693. [PMID: 30860853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel unconventional supramolecular oligo-cationic structure (Agm6-M-PEG-OCH3) has been synthesized to yield high efficiency therapeutic oligonucleotide (ON) delivery. Agm6-M-PEG-OCH3 was obtained by a multistep protocol that included the conjugation of agmatine (Agm) moieties to maltotriose (M), which was further derivatized with one poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain. Gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the 19 base pairs dsDNA model ON completely associates with Agm6-M-PEG-OCH3 at 3 N/P molar ratio, which is in agreement with the in silico molecular predictions. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) analyses showed that the Agm6-M-PEG-OCH3/ON association occurs through a combination of mechanisms depending on the N/P ratios resulting in different nanostructures. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the Agm6-M-PEG-OCH3/ON polyplexes have rod-shape structure with a mean diameter of 50-75 nm and aspect ratio depending on the N/P ratio. The polyplexes were stable over time in buffer, while a slight size increase was observed in the presence of serum proteins. Cell culture studies showed that neither Agm6-M-PEG-OCH3 nor polyplexes displayed cytotoxic effects. Cellular uptake depended on the cell line and polyplex composition: cellular internalization was higher in the case of MCF-7 and KB cells compared to MC3T3-E1 cells and polyplexes with smaller aspect ratio were taken-up by cells more efficiently than polyplexes with higher aspect ratio. Finally, preliminary studies showed that our novel carrier efficiently delivered ONs into cells providing gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Malfanti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , Via F. Marzolo 5 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Francesca Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , Via F. Marzolo 5 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Yanxiao Han
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States.,Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
| | - Anna Balasso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , Via F. Marzolo 5 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Anna Scomparin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine , Tel Aviv University 69978 Tel Aviv , Israel.,Department of Drug Science and Technology , University of Turin , Via P. Giuria 9 , 10125 Turin , Italy
| | - Sabina Pozzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine , Tel Aviv University 69978 Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine , Tel Aviv University 69978 Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , Via F. Marzolo 5 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , Via F. Marzolo 5 35131 Padova , Italy
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8
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Feng C, Zhang H, Chen J, Wang S, Xin Y, Qu Y, Zhang Q, Ji W, Yamashita F, Rui M, Xu X. Ratiometric co-encapsulation and co-delivery of doxorubicin and paclitaxel by tumor-targeted lipodisks for combination therapy of breast cancer. Int J Pharm 2019; 560:191-204. [PMID: 30769131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy is a promising treatment for certain advanced drug-resistant cancers. Although effective inhibition of various tumor cells was reported in vitro, combination treatment requires improvement in vivo due to uncontrolled ratiometric delivery. In this study, a tumor-targeting lipodisk nanoparticle formulation was developed for ratiometric loading and the transportation of two hydrophobic model drugs, doxorubicin (DOX) and paclitaxel (PTX), in one single platform. Furthermore, a slightly acidic pH-sensitive peptide (SAPSP) incorporated into lipodisks effectively enhanced the tumor-targeting and cell internalization. The obtained co-loaded lipodisks were approximately 30 nm with a pH-sensitive property. The ratiometric co-delivery of two drugs via lipodisks was confirmed in both the drug-resistant MCF-7/ADR cell line and its parental MCF-7 cell line in vitro, as well as in a tumor-bearing mouse model in vivo compared with a cocktail solution of free drugs. Co-loaded lipodisks exerted improved cytotoxicity to tumor cells in culture, particularly to drug-resistant tumor cells at synergistic drug ratios. In an in vivo xenograft mouse model, the anti-tumor ability of co-loaded lipodisks was evidenced by the remarkable inhibitory effect on tumor growth of either MCF-7 or MCF-7/ADR tumors, which may be attributed to the increased and ratiometric accumulation of both drugs in the tumor tissues. Therefore, tumor-specific lipodisks were crucial for the combination treatment of DOX and PTX to completely exert a synergistic anti-cancer effect. It is concluded that for co-loaded lipodisks, cytotoxicity data in vitro could be used to predict their inhibitory activity in vivo, potentially enhancing the clinical outcome of synergistic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlai Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Haisheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Jiaming Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yuanrong Xin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Fumiyoshi Yamashita
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-shimoadachi cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mengjie Rui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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9
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Magalhães M, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Concheiro A, Figueiras A, Santos AC, Veiga F. RNAi-based therapeutics for lung cancer: biomarkers, microRNAs, and nanocarriers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:965-982. [PMID: 30232915 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1517744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the current advances in the discovery of the lung cancer biomarkers and, consequently, in the diagnosis, this pathology continues to be the primary cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In most cases, the illness is diagnosed in an advanced stage, which limits the current treatment options available and reduces the survival rate. Therefore, RNAi-based therapy arises as a promising option to treat lung cancer. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview on the exploitation of lung cancer biology to develop RNAi-based therapeutics to be applied in the treatment of lung cancer. Furthermore, the review analyzes the main nanocarriers designed to deliver RNAi molecules and induce antitumoral effects in lung cancer, and provides updated information about current RNAi-based therapeutics for lung cancer in clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION RNAi-based therapy uses nanocarriers to perform a targeted and efficient delivery of therapeutic genes into lung cancer cells, by taking advantage of the known biomarkers in lung cancer. These therapeutic genes are key regulatory molecules of crucial cellular pathways involved in cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Thereby, the characteristics and functionalization of the nanocarrier and the knowledge of lung cancer biology have direct influence in improving the therapeutic effect of this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Magalhães
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,b REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- c Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Angel Concheiro
- c Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Ana Figueiras
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,b REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Santos
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,b REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,b REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
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10
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Wang B, Zhang J, Liu YH, Zhang W, Xiao YP, Zhao RM, Yu XQ. A reduction-responsive liposomal nanocarrier with self-reporting ability for efficient gene delivery. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:2860-2868. [PMID: 32254239 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00392k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the past few decades, although various reduction-responsive nanocarriers have been designed and explored for gene delivery, it is difficult to directly detect or monitor the reduction capability of these carriers, especially under intracellular conditions. Taking advantage of the generated fluorescence signal in the reduction process of the naphthalimide-sulfonamide (NS) group, we developed a novel liposomal nanocarrier, FNSL, which showed reduction-sensitive property and self-reporting character. As a new reduction-responsive site in a gene delivery system, the NS group in FNSL is capable of responding to glutathione (GSH) and simultaneously emitting green fluorescence at 500 nm in both extra- and intracellular circumstances. Hence, it will be very convenient to assess the reducibility of this carrier and monitor the stimuli-responsive gene release via fluorescence signal. FNSL has high affinity for DNA and can condense it into nanoparticles with a proper nano-size and zeta potential. Compared with the non-reducible FNAL, FNSL showed enhanced gene release capability, higher transfection efficiency (TE), and lower cytotoxicity. Furthermore, treatment of FNSL-mediated transfection with slightly exogenous GSH greatly improved the TE of FNSL in HepG2 cells, and its TE was even higher than that of Lipofectamine 2000. These results demonstrate that FNSL possesses great potential for efficient and low-toxicity gene delivery, and this study on a bioreducible liposome with self-reporting ability would be a guide for further research on the development of biodegradable gene carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
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11
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Viricel W, Poirier S, Mbarek A, Derbali RM, Mayer G, Leblond J. Cationic switchable lipids: pH-triggered molecular switch for siRNA delivery. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:31-36. [PMID: 27906384 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06701h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A pH-sensitive molecular switch able to change its conformation upon protonation at endosomal pH values is embedded into the structure of cationic lipidoid materials, thus conferring endosomal escape properties. Involvement of the conformational switch in the endosomal escape process was confirmed and leading material identified was able to induce efficient gene knockdown both in vitro and in vivo. The lipid nanoparticles reported here are promising for therapeutic applications and this work could serve as a template for future design of stimulus-responsive (ionic, redox, light) molecular switch for drug and gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Viricel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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12
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Li Y, Lee RJ, Yu K, Bi Y, Qi Y, Sun Y, Li Y, Xie J, Teng L. Delivery of siRNA Using Lipid Nanoparticles Modified with Cell Penetrating Peptide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:26613-26621. [PMID: 27617513 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical development of siRNA has been hindered by the lack of an effective delivery system. Here, we report the construction of a novel siRNA delivery system, sTOLP, which is based on cell penetrating peptide oleoyl-octaarginine (OA-R8) modified multifunctional lipid nanoparticles. sTOLP nanoparticles are composed of a protamine complexed siRNA core, OA-R8, cationic and PEGylated lipids, and transferrin as a targeting ligand. sTOLP formulation was optimized and characterized in vitro and showed excellent gene silencing activity. In vivo, siRNA encapsulated in sTOLP exhibited potent tumor inhibition (61.7%) and was preferentially taken up by hepatocytes and tumor cells in HepG2-bearing nude mice without inducing immunogenicity or hepatic or renal toxicity. Furthermore, sTOLP-loaded siRNA had stability in circulation greater than that of free siRNA. These data demonstrated potential utility of sTOLP-mediated siRNA delivery in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Robert J Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kongtong Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ye Bi
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuhang Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yating Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yujing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jing Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lesheng Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
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