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Fu Y, Liu Z, Yue S, Zhang K, Wang R, Zhang Z. Optical Second Harmonic Generation of Low-Dimensional Semiconductor Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:662. [PMID: 38668156 PMCID: PMC11054873 DOI: 10.3390/nano14080662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the phenomenon of optical second harmonic generation (SHG) has attracted significant attention as a pivotal nonlinear optical effect in research. Notably, in low-dimensional materials (LDMs), SHG detection has become an instrumental tool for elucidating nonlinear optical properties due to their pronounced second-order susceptibility and distinct electronic structure. This review offers an exhaustive overview of the generation process and experimental configurations for SHG in such materials. It underscores the latest advancements in harnessing SHG as a sensitive probe for investigating the nonlinear optical attributes of these materials, with a particular focus on its pivotal role in unveiling electronic structures, bandgap characteristics, and crystal symmetry. By analyzing SHG signals, researchers can glean invaluable insights into the microscopic properties of these materials. Furthermore, this paper delves into the applications of optical SHG in imaging and time-resolved experiments. Finally, future directions and challenges toward the improvement in the NLO in LDMs are discussed to provide an outlook in this rapidly developing field, offering crucial perspectives for the design and optimization of pertinent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fu
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
| | - Zhengyan Liu
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Song Yue
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
| | - Ran Wang
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zichen Zhang
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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Zheng J, Cheng X, Zhang H, Bai X, Ai R, Shao L, Wang J. Gold Nanorods: The Most Versatile Plasmonic Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13342-13453. [PMID: 34569789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanorods (NRs), pseudo-one-dimensional rod-shaped nanoparticles (NPs), have become one of the burgeoning materials in the recent years due to their anisotropic shape and adjustable plasmonic properties. With the continuous improvement in synthetic methods, a variety of materials have been attached around Au NRs to achieve unexpected or improved plasmonic properties and explore state-of-the-art technologies. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the latest progress on Au NRs, the most versatile anisotropic plasmonic NPs. We present a representative overview of the advances in the synthetic strategies and outline an extensive catalogue of Au-NR-based heterostructures with tailored architectures and special functionalities. The bottom-up assembly of Au NRs into preprogrammed metastructures is then discussed, as well as the design principles. We also provide a systematic elucidation of the different plasmonic properties associated with the Au-NR-based structures, followed by a discussion of the promising applications of Au NRs in various fields. We finally discuss the future research directions and challenges of Au NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Zheng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xizhe Cheng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xiaopeng Bai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ruoqi Ai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Lei Shao
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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Controlled Synthesis of Au Nanocrystals-Metal Selenide Hybrid Nanostructures toward Plasmon-Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Energy Conversion. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10030564. [PMID: 32245031 PMCID: PMC7153708 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple method for the controllable synthesis of Au nanocrystals–metal selenide hybrid nanostructures via amino acid guiding strategy is proposed. The results show that the symmetric overgrowth mode of PbSe shells on Au nanorods can be precisely manipulated by only adjusting the initial concentration of Pb2+. The shape of Au–PbSe hybrids can evolve from dumbbell-like to yolk-shell. Interestingly, the plasmonic absorption enhancement could be tuned by the symmetry of these hybrid nanostructures. This provides an effective pathway for maneuvering plasmon-induced energy transfer in metal–semiconductor hybrids. In addition, the photoactivities of Au–PbSe nanorods sensitized TiO2 electrodes have been further evaluated. Owing to the synergism between effective plasmonic enhancement effect and efficient interfacial charge transfer in these hybrid nanostructures, the Au–PbSe yolk-shell nanorods exhibit an outstanding photocurrent activity. Their photocurrent density is 4.38 times larger than that of Au–PbSe dumbbell-like nanorods under light irradiation at λ > 600 nm. As a versatile method, the proposed strategy can also be employed to synthesize other metal–selenide hybrid nanostructures (such as Au–CdSe, Au–Bi2Se3 and Au–CuSe).
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Volokh M, Mokari T. Metal/semiconductor interfaces in nanoscale objects: synthesis, emerging properties and applications of hybrid nanostructures. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:930-961. [PMID: 36133041 PMCID: PMC9418511 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00729f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid nanostructures, composed of multi-component crystals of various shapes, sizes and compositions are much sought-after functional materials. Pairing the ability to tune each material separately and controllably combine two (or more) domains with defined spatial orientation results in new properties. In this review, we discuss the various synthetic mechanisms for the formation of hybrid nanostructures of various complexities containing at least one metal/semiconductor interface, with a focus on colloidal chemistry. Different synthetic approaches, alongside the underlying kinetic and thermodynamic principles are discussed, and future advancement prospects are evaluated. Furthermore, the proved unique properties are reviewed with emphasis on the connection between the synthetic method and the resulting physical, chemical and optical properties with applications in fields such as photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Volokh
- Department of Chemistry, Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Taleb Mokari
- Department of Chemistry, Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
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Ma L, Chen YL, Yang DJ, Li HX, Ding SJ, Xiong L, Qin PL, Chen XB. Multi-interfacial plasmon coupling in multigap (Au/AgAu)@CdS core-shell hybrids for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:4383-4392. [PMID: 32025686 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09696e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon coupling induced intense light absorption and near-field enhancement have vast potential for high-efficiency photocatalytic applications. Herein, (Au/AgAu)@CdS core-shell hybrids with strong multi-interfacial plasmon coupling were prepared through a convenient strategy for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Bimetallic Au/AgAu cores with an adjustable number of nanogaps (from one to four) were primarily synthesized by well-controlled multi-cycle galvanic replacement and overgrowth processes. Extinction tests and numerical simulations synergistically revealed that the multigap Au/AgAu hybrids possess a gap-dependent light absorption region and a local electric field owing to the multigap-induced multi-interfacial plasmon coupling. With these characteristics, hetero-photocatalysts prepared by further coating of CdS shells on multigap Au/AgAu cores exhibited a prominent gap-dependent photocatalytic hydrogen production activity from water splitting under light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). It is found that the hydrogen generation rates of multigap (Au/AgAu)@CdS have an exponential improvement compared with that of pure CdS as the number of nanogaps increases. In particular, four-gap (Au/AgAu)@CdS core-shell catalysts displayed the highest hydrogen generation rate, that is 96.1 and 47.2 times those of pure CdS and gapless Au@CdS core-shell hybrids. These improvements can be ascribed to the strong plasmon absorption and near-field enhancement induced by the multi-interfacial plasmon coupling, which can greatly improve the light-harvesting efficiency, offer more plasmonic energy, and boost the generation and separation of electron-hole pairs in the multigap catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China.
| | - You-Long Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China.
| | - Da-Jie Yang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
| | - Hai-Xia Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China.
| | - Si-Jing Ding
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Lun Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China.
| | - Ping-Li Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang-Bai Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China.
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Li K, Liu G, Zhang S, Dai Y, Ghafoor S, Huang W, Zu Z, Lu Y. A porous Au-Ag hybrid nanoparticle array with broadband absorption and high-density hotspots for stable SERS analysis. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:9587-9592. [PMID: 31062804 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01744e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Constructing high-density hotspots is of crucial importance in surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). In this paper, we present a large-area and broadband porous Au-Ag hybrid nanoparticle array which was fabricated by an ultra-thin alumina mask (UTAM) technique incorporated with annealing and galvanic replacement techniques. Experimental results and numerical simulations demonstrated that the porous Au-Ag hybrid nanoparticle array possessed enormous hotspots for high sensitivity, uniformity, and stability in SERS analysis. A large Raman enhancement factor of 2.2 × 107 was achieved with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 7.7%, leading to excellent reliability for Raman detection. Furthermore, this novel substrate exhibited a long shelf time in an ambient environment and promising practical applications in many SERS-based quantitative analytical and biomedical sensing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuanguo Li
- College of Physics and Electronics Information & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
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Zhang T, Sun Y, Hang L, Li H, Liu G, Zhang X, Lyu X, Cai W, Li Y. Periodic Porous Alloyed Au-Ag Nanosphere Arrays and Their Highly Sensitive SERS Performance with Good Reproducibility and High Density of Hotspots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:9792-9801. [PMID: 29480010 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Periodic porous alloyed Au-Ag nanosphere (NS) arrays with different periodic lengths and tunable composition ratios were prepared on Si substrates on a large scale (∼cm2) using stepwise metal deposition-annealing and subsequent chemical corrosion from a monolayer of colloidal polystyrene (PS) microspheres as the initial template. The porous alloyed Au-Ag NSs possessed a high porosity and bicontinuous morphology composed of hierarchically interconnected ligaments, which were obtained from an optimized dealloying process in nitric acid. Interestingly, when the dealloying time was prolonged, the average size of the porous alloyed NSs slightly decreased, and the width of the ligaments gradually increased. The periodic length of the array could be facilely changed by controlling the initial particle size of the PS template. Moreover, the porous alloyed Au-Ag NS arrays were explored as a platform for the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) and exhibited excellent reproducibility and high sensitivity because of the periodic structure of the arrays and the abundance of inherent "hotspots". After optimization experiments, a low concentration of 10-10 M 4-ATP could be detected on these porous Au-Ag NS array substrates. Such highly reproducible SERS activity is meaningful for improving the practical application of portable Raman detection equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031 , P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Yiqiang Sun
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031 , P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Hang
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031 , P. R. China
| | - Huilin Li
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031 , P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Guangqiang Liu
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- College of Materials and Mineral Resources , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an 710055 , P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Lyu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Shandong University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266590 , P. R. China
| | - Weiping Cai
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031 , P. R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031 , P. R. China
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Guan S, Fu X, Tang Y, Peng Z. AuAg@CdS double-walled nanotubes: synthesis and nonlinear absorption properties. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:10277-10284. [PMID: 28696448 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02861j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Novel AuAg@CdS double-walled nanotubes (DWNTs) were successfully fabricated through a three-step solvothermal method, starting with silver nanowires as the template. In the DWNTs, a uniform layer of a CdS shell is coated onto the AuAg nanotubes, finally forming the one-dimensional nanocomposites. Nonlinear optical analysis indicated that the plasmon-exciton interaction in the AuAg@CdS DWNTs induced an obviously saturated absorption response under visible light excitation, in contrast to individual AuAg nanotubes and CdS shells. Furthermore, the effective nonlinear absorption coefficient of the AuAg@CdS DWNTs was 7 times larger than that of the CdS shell, which was attributed to the local field enhancement effect. Such a unique morphological configuration and optical properties make AuAg@CdS DWNTs an ideal candidate for next generation nano-photonic devices employed as a mode-locking element, optical switch, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shundong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, P. R. China. and School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Xiuli Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, P. R. China. and School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Zhijian Peng
- School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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