1
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Weil-Ktorza O, Dhayalan B, Chen YS, Weiss MA, Metanis N. Se-Glargine: Chemical Synthesis of a Basal Insulin Analogue Stabilized by an Internal Diselenide Bridge. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300818. [PMID: 38149322 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Insulin has long provided a model for studies of protein folding and stability, enabling enhanced treatment of diabetes mellitus via analogue design. We describe the chemical synthesis of a basal insulin analogue stabilized by substitution of an internal cystine (A6-A11) by a diselenide bridge. The studies focused on insulin glargine (formulated as Lantus® and Toujeo®; Sanofi). Prepared at pH 4 in the presence of zinc ions, glargine exhibits a shifted isoelectric point due to a basic B chain extension (ArgB31 -ArgB32 ). Subcutaneous injection leads to pH-dependent precipitation of a long-lived depot. Pairwise substitution of CysA6 and CysA11 by selenocysteine was effected by solid-phase peptide synthesis; the modified A chain also contained substitution of AsnA21 by Gly, circumventing acid-catalyzed deamidation. Although chain combination of native glargine yielded negligible product, in accordance with previous synthetic studies, the pairwise selenocysteine substitution partially rescued this reaction: substantial product was obtained through repeated combination, yielding a stabilized insulin analogue. This strategy thus exploited both (a) the unique redox properties of selenocysteine in protein folding and (b) favorable packing of an internal diselenide bridge in the native state, once achieved. Such rational optimization of protein folding and stability may be generalizable to diverse disulfide-stabilized proteins of therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Weil-Ktorza
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Balamurugan Dhayalan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yen-Shan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michael A Weiss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Norman Metanis
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
- Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
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2
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Sen S, Ali R, Onkar A, Ganesh S, Verma S. Strategies for interference of insulin fibrillogenesis: challenges and advances. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100678. [PMID: 35025120 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of insulin came up with very high hopes for diabetic patients. In the year 2021, the world celebrated the 100 th anniversary of the discovery of this vital hormone. However, external use of insulin is highly affected by its aggregating tendency that occurs during its manufacturing, transportation, and improper handling which ultimately leads its pharmaceutically and biologically ineffective form. In this review, we aim to discuss the various approaches used for decelerating insulin aggregation which results in the enhancement of its overall structural stability and usage. The approaches that are discussed are broadly classified as either a measure through excipient additions or by intrinsic modifications in the insulin native structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Sen
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Rafat Ali
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Chemistry, Room No 131 Lab No2, CESE department IIT Kanpur, 208016, Kanpur, INDIA
| | - Akanksha Onkar
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, INDIA
| | - Subramaniam Ganesh
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, INDIA
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Department of Chemistry, IIT-Kanpur, 208016, Kanpur, INDIA
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3
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Cui JB, Wei XX, Zhao R, Zhu H, Shi J, Bierer D, Li YM. Chemical synthesis of disulfide surrogate peptides by using beta-carbon dimethyl modified diaminodiacids. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9021-9025. [PMID: 34611692 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01715b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The replacement of disulfide bridges with metabolically stable isosteres is a promising strategy to improve the stability of disulfide-rich polypeptides towards reducing agents and isomerases. A diaminodiacid-based strategy is one of the most effective methods to construct disulfide bond mimics, but modified diaminodiacids have not been developed till now. Inspired by the fact that alkylation of disulfide bonds can regulate the activity of polypeptides, herein, we report the first example of thioether bridged diaminodiacids incorporating Cys Cβ dimethyl modification, obtained by penicillamine (Pen)-based thiol alkylation. The utility of these new diaminodiacids was demonstrated by the synthesis of disulfide surrogates of oxytocin containing a short-span disulfide bond and of KIIIA with large-span disulfide bonds. This new type of synthetic bridge further extends the diaminodiacid toolbox to facilitate the study of the structure-activity relationship of disulfide-rich peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Bin Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Xiao-Xiong Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Huixia Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Donald Bierer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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4
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Abstract
The pancreatic peptide hormone insulin, first discovered exactly 100 years ago, is essential for glycemic control and is used as a therapeutic for the treatment of type 1 and, increasingly, type 2 diabetes. With a worsening global diabetes epidemic and its significant health budget imposition, there is a great demand for new analogues possessing improved physical and functional properties. However, the chemical synthesis of insulin's intricate 51-amino acid, two-chain, three-disulfide bond structure, together with the poor physicochemical properties of both the individual chains and the hormone itself, has long represented a major challenge to organic chemists. This review provides a timely overview of the past efforts to chemically assemble this fascinating hormone using an array of strategies to enable both correct folding of the two chains and selective formation of disulfide bonds. These methods not only have contributed to general peptide synthesis chemistry and enabled access to the greatly growing numbers of insulin-like and cystine-rich peptides but also, today, enable the production of insulin at the synthetic efficiency levels of recombinant DNA expression methods. They have led to the production of a myriad of novel analogues with optimized structural and functional features and of the feasibility for their industrial manufacture.
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5
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Zhang B, Ren M, Xiong Y, Li H, Wu Y, Fu Y, Zhangsun D, Dong S, Luo S. Cysteine [2,4] Disulfide Bond as a New Modifiable Site of α-Conotoxin TxIB. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020119. [PMID: 33671487 PMCID: PMC7926623 DOI: 10.3390/md19020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Conotoxin TxIB, a selective antagonist of α6/α3β2β3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, could be a potential therapeutic agent for addiction and Parkinson's disease. As a peptide with a complex pharmacophoric conformation, it is important and difficult to find a modifiable site which can be modified effectively and efficiently without activity loss. In this study, three xylene scaffolds were individually reacted with one pair of the cysteine residues ([1,3] or [2,4]), and iodine oxidation was used to form a disulfide bond between the other pair. Overall, six analogs were synthesized with moderate isolated yields from 55% to 65%, which is four times higher than the traditional two-step oxidation with orthogonal protection on cysteines. The cysteine [2,4] modified analogs, with higher stability in human serum than native TxIB, showed obvious inhibitory effect and selectivity on α6/α3β2β3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which was 100 times more than the cysteine [1,3] modified ones. This result demonstrated that the cysteine [2,4] disulfide bond is a new modifiable site of TxIB, and further modification can be a simple and feasible strategy for the exploitation and utilization of α-Conotoxin TxIB in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.Z.); (M.R.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.F.); (D.Z.)
| | - Maomao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.Z.); (M.R.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.F.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.Z.); (M.R.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.F.); (D.Z.)
| | - Haonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.Z.); (M.R.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.F.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yong Wu
- Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.Z.); (M.R.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.F.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dongting Zhangsun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.Z.); (M.R.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.F.); (D.Z.)
- Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Shuai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.Z.); (M.R.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.F.); (D.Z.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Sulan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs of Haikou, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.Z.); (M.R.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Y.F.); (D.Z.)
- Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (S.L.)
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6
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Dekan Z, Kremsmayr T, Keov P, Godin M, Teakle N, Dürrauer L, Xiang H, Gharib D, Bergmayr C, Hellinger R, Gay M, Vilaseca M, Kurzbach D, Albericio F, Alewood PF, Gruber CW, Muttenthaler M. Nature-inspired dimerization as a strategy to modulate neuropeptide pharmacology exemplified with vasopressin and oxytocin. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4057-4062. [PMID: 34163676 PMCID: PMC8179488 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05501h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) are cyclic neuropeptides that regulate fundamental physiological functions via four G protein-coupled receptors, V1aR, V1bR, V2R, and OTR. Ligand development remains challenging for these receptors due to complex structure–activity relationships. Here, we investigated dimerization as a strategy for developing ligands with novel pharmacology. We regioselectively synthesised and systematically studied parallel, antiparallel and N- to C-terminal cyclized homo- and heterodimer constructs of VP, OT and dVDAVP (1-deamino-4-valine-8-d-arginine-VP). All disulfide-linked dimers, except for the head-to-tail cyclized constructs, retained nanomolar potency despite the structural implications of dimerization. Our results support a single chain interaction for receptor activation. Dimer orientation had little impact on activity, except for the dVDAVP homodimers, where an antagonist to agonist switch was observed at the V1aR. This study provides novel insights into the structural requirements of VP/OT receptor activation and spotlights dimerization as a strategy to modulate pharmacology, a concept also frequently observed in nature. Structural and pharmacological study of parallel, antiparallel and N- to C-terminal cyclized homo- and heterodimers of vasopressin and oxytocin. This study spotlights dimerization as a strategy to modulate the pharmacology of neuropeptides.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Dekan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Thomas Kremsmayr
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna Währingerstraße 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Peter Keov
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Mathilde Godin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Ngari Teakle
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Leopold Dürrauer
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna Währingerstraße 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Huang Xiang
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna Schwarzspanierstraße 17 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Dalia Gharib
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna Schwarzspanierstraße 17 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Christian Bergmayr
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna Schwarzspanierstraße 17 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Roland Hellinger
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna Schwarzspanierstraße 17 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Marina Gay
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona C/ Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Marta Vilaseca
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona C/ Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Dennis Kurzbach
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna Währingerstraße 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Paul F Alewood
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Christian W Gruber
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia.,Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna Schwarzspanierstraße 17 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia .,Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna Währingerstraße 38 1090 Vienna Austria
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7
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Kandler R, Das S, Nag A. Copper-ligand clusters dictate size of cyclized peptide formed during alkyne-azide cycloaddition on solid support. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4842-4852. [PMID: 34377440 PMCID: PMC8351437 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07491h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide and peptidomimetic cyclization by copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction have been used to mimic disulfide bonds, alpha helices, amide bonds, and for one-bead-one-compound (OBOC) library development. A limited number of solid-supported CuAAC cyclization methods resulting in monomeric cyclic peptide formation have been reported for specific peptide sequences, but there exists no general study on monocyclic peptide formation using CuAAC cyclization. Since several cyclic peptides identified from an OBOC CuAAC cyclized library has been shown to have important biological applications, we discuss here an efficient method of alkyne-azide 'click' catalyzed monomeric cyclic peptide formation on a solid support. The reason behind the efficiency of the method is explored. CuAAC cyclization of a peptide sequence with azidolysine and propargylglycine is performed under various reaction conditions, with different catalysts, in the presence or absence of an organic base. The results indicate that piperidine plays a critical role in the reaction yield and monomeric cycle formation by coordinating to Cu and forming Cu-ligand clusters. A previously synthesized copper compound containing piperidine, [Cu4I4(pip)4], is found to catalyze the CuAAC cyclization of monomeric peptide effectively. The use of 1.5 equivalents of CuI and the use of DMF as solvent is found to give optimal CuAAC cyclized monomer yields. The effect of the peptide sequence and peptide length on monomer formation are also investigated by varying either parameter systemically. Peptide length is identified as the determining factor for whether the monomeric or dimeric cyclic peptide is the major product. For peptides with six, seven, or eight amino acids, the monomer is the major product from CuAAC cyclization. Longer and shorter peptides on cyclization show less monomer formation. CuAAC peptide cyclization of non-optimal peptide lengths such as pentamers is affected significantly by the amino acid sequence and give lower yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Kandler
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Samir Das
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Arundhati Nag
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
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8
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Zhao R, Shi P, Chen J, Sun S, Chen J, Cui J, Wu F, Fang G, Tian C, Shi J, Bierer D, Liu L, Li YM. Chemical synthesis and biological activity of peptides incorporating an ether bridge as a surrogate for a disulfide bond. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7927-7932. [PMID: 34094161 PMCID: PMC8163063 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02374d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disulfide bridges contribute to the definition and rigidity of polypeptides, but they are inherently unstable in reducing environments and in the presence of isomerases and nucleophiles. Strategies to address these deficiencies, ideally without significantly perturbing the structure of the polypeptide, would be of great interest. One possible surrogate for the disulfide bridge is a simple thioether, but these are susceptible to oxidation. We report the introduction of an ether linkage into the biologically active, disulfide-rich peptides oxytocin, tachyplesin I, and conotoxin α-ImI, using an ether-containing diaminodiacid as the key building block, obtained by the stereoselective ring-opening addition reaction of an aziridine skeleton with a hydroxy group. NMR studies indicated that the derivatives with an ether surrogate bridge exhibited very small change of their three-dimensional structures. The analogs obtained using this novel substitution strategy were found to be more stable than the original peptide in oxidative and reductive conditions; without a loss of bioactivity. This strategy is therefore proposed as a practical and versatile solution to the stability problems associated with cysteine-rich peptides. We report the first introduction of an ether linkage as surrogate into the disulfide-rich peptides using ether-containing diaminodiacid.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230009 China .,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Pan Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Junyou Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Shuaishuai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Jingnan Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Jibin Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Fangming Wu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China
| | - Gemin Fang
- School of Life Science, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University Hefei 230601 China
| | - Changlin Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Jing Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Donald Bierer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Bayer AG Aprather Weg 18A 42096 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui 230009 China
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9
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Murar CE, Ninomiya M, Shimura S, Karakus U, Boyman O, Bode JW. Chemical Synthesis of Interleukin‐2 and Disulfide Stabilizing Analogues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E. Murar
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Mamiko Ninomiya
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Satomi Shimura
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Ufuk Karakus
- Department of Immunology University Hospital Zurich Gloriastrasse 23 8091 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology University Hospital Zurich Gloriastrasse 23 8091 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey W. Bode
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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10
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Murar CE, Ninomiya M, Shimura S, Karakus U, Boyman O, Bode JW. Chemical Synthesis of Interleukin-2 and Disulfide Stabilizing Analogues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8425-8429. [PMID: 32032465 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemical protein synthesis allows the construction of well-defined structural variations and facilitates the development of deeper understanding of protein structure-function relationships and new protein engineering strategies. Herein, we report the chemical synthesis of interleukin-2 (IL-2) variants on a multimilligram scale and the formation of non-natural disulfide mimetics that improve stability against reduction. The synthesis was accomplished by convergent KAHA ligations; the acidic conditions of KAHA ligation proved to be valuable for the solubilization of the hydrophobic segments of IL-2. The bioactivity of the synthetic IL-2 and its analogues were shown to be equipotent to recombinant IL-2 and exhibit improved stability against reducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E Murar
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mamiko Ninomiya
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Satomi Shimura
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ufuk Karakus
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 23, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 23, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey W Bode
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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Zheng N, Karra P, VandenBerg MA, Kim JH, Webber MJ, Holland WL, Chou DHC. Synthesis and Characterization of an A6-A11 Methylene Thioacetal Human Insulin Analogue with Enhanced Stability. J Med Chem 2019; 62:11437-11443. [PMID: 31804076 PMCID: PMC7217704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin has been a life-saving drug for millions of people with diabetes. However, several challenges exist which limit therapeutic benefits and reduce patient convenience. One key challenge is the fibrillation propensity, which necessitates refrigeration for storage. To address this limitation, we chemically synthesized and evaluated a methylene thioacetal human insulin analogue (SCS-Ins). The synthesized SCS-Ins showed enhanced serum stability and aggregation resistance while retaining bioactivity compared with native insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Prasoona Karra
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Michael A. VandenBerg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Jin Hwan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Matthew J. Webber
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - William L. Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Danny Hung-Chieh Chou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
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12
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Antimicrobial coatings prepared from Dhvar-5-click-grafted chitosan powders. Acta Biomater 2019; 84:242-256. [PMID: 30528610 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are powerful components of the innate immune system, as they display wide activity spectrum and low tendency to induce pathogen resistance. Hence, the development of AMP-based coatings is a very promising strategy to prevent biomaterials-associated infections. This work aims to investigate if Dhvar-5-chitosan conjugates, previously synthesized by us via azide-alkyne "click" reaction, can be applied as antimicrobial coatings. Ultrathin coatings were prepared by spin coater after dissolving Dhvar-5-chitosan conjugate powder in aqueous acetic acid. Peptide orientation and exposure from the surface was confirmed by ellipsometry and contact angle measurements. Bactericidal activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the most prevalent pathogens in implant-associated infections. Results showed that Dhvar-5-chitosan coatings displayed bactericidal effect. Moreover, since Dhvar-5 has head-to-tail amphipathicity, it was clear that the bactericidal potency was dependent on which domain of the peptide (cationic or hydrophobic) was exposed. In this context, Dhvar-5 immobilized through its C-terminus (exposing its hydrophobic end) presented higher antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and reduced adhesion of Gram-negative bacteria. This orientation-dependent antimicrobial activity was further corroborated by the anti-biofilm assay, as covalent immobilization of Dhvar-5 through its C-terminus provided anti-biofilm properties to the chitosan thin film. Immobilization of Dhvar-5 showed no cytotoxic effect against HFF-1 cells, as both metabolic activity and cell morphology were similar to control. In conclusion, Dhvar-5-chitosan coatings are promising antimicrobial surfaces without cytotoxic effects against human cells. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: AMP-tethering onto ground biomaterial is still a poorly explored strategy in research. In this work, AMP-tethered ground chitosan is used to produce highly antibacterial ultrathin films. Powdered AMP-tethered chitosan appears as an alternative solution for antimicrobial devices production, as it is suitable for large scale production, being easier to handle for fabrication of different coatings and materials with antimicrobial properties and without inducing toxicity.
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13
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Chilukuri H, Kulkarni MJ, Fernandes M. Revisiting amino acids and peptides as anti-glycation agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:614-624. [PMID: 30108952 PMCID: PMC6071831 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00514h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The importance of controlling or preventing protein glycation cannot be overstated and is of prime importance in the treatment of diabetes and associated complications including Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, atherosclerosis, kidney aliments among others. In this respect, simple molecules such as amino acids and peptides hold much promise both in terms of ease and scale-up of synthesis as well as in relation to negligible/low associated toxicity. In view of this, a comprehensive account of literature reports is presented, that documents the anti-glycation activity of natural and non-natural amino acids and peptides. This review also discusses the chemical reactions involved in glycation and the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and possible/probable intervention sites and mechanism of action of the reported amino acids/peptides. This aspect of amino acids/peptides adds to their growing importance in medicinal and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chilukuri
- Organic Chemistry Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pune 411008 , India . ;
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-NCL Campus , Pune -411008 , India
| | - M J Kulkarni
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-NCL Campus , Pune -411008 , India
- Proteomics Facility , Division of Biochemical Sciences , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pune 411008 , India
| | - M Fernandes
- Organic Chemistry Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pune 411008 , India . ;
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-NCL Campus , Pune -411008 , India
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14
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Erak M, Bellmann-Sickert K, Els-Heindl S, Beck-Sickinger AG. Peptide chemistry toolbox - Transforming natural peptides into peptide therapeutics. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2759-2765. [PMID: 29395804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of solid phase peptide synthesis has released tremendous opportunities for using synthetic peptides in medicinal applications. In the last decades, peptide therapeutics became an emerging market in pharmaceutical industry. The need for synthetic strategies in order to improve peptidic properties, such as longer half-life, higher bioavailability, increased potency and efficiency is accordingly rising. In this mini-review, we present a toolbox of modifications in peptide chemistry for overcoming the main drawbacks during the transition from natural peptides to peptide therapeutics. Modifications at the level of the peptide backbone, amino acid side chains and higher orders of structures are described. Furthermore, we are discussing the future of peptide therapeutics development and their impact on the pharmaceutical market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Erak
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Bruederstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Bellmann-Sickert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Bruederstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Bruederstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette G Beck-Sickinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Bruederstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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15
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Liu C, Zou Y, Song H, Jiang YY, Hu HG. Arylboronate Ester Protected Amino Acids as Orthogonal Building Blocks for Fmoc Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry; College of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; 200433 Shanghai China
| | - Yan Zou
- Department of Organic Chemistry; College of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; 200433 Shanghai China
| | - Hui Song
- College of Pharmacy; Weifang Medical University; 261053 Weifang, Shandong China
| | - Yuan-Ye Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; 273165 Qufu China
| | - Hong-Gang Hu
- Department of Organic Chemistry; College of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; 200433 Shanghai China
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16
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Wang T, Kong YF, Xu Y, Fan J, Xu HJ, Bierer D, Wang J, Shi J, Li YM. Efficient synthesis of hydrocarbon-bridged diaminodiacids through nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Hossain MA, Bathgate RAD. Challenges in the design of insulin and relaxin/insulin-like peptide mimetics. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:2827-2841. [PMID: 28988628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peptidomimetics are designed to overcome the poor pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics associated with the native peptide or protein on which they are based. The design of peptidomimetics starts from developing structure-activity relationships of the native ligand-target pair that identify the key residues that are responsible for the biological effect of the native peptide or protein. Then minimization of the structure and introduction of constraints are applied to create the core active site that can interact with the target with high affinity and selectivity. Developing peptidomimetics is not trivial and often challenging, particularly when peptides' interaction mechanism with their target is complex. This review will discuss the challenges of developing peptidomimetics of therapeutically important insulin superfamily peptides, particularly those which have two chains (A and B) and three disulfide bonds and whose receptors are known, namely insulin, H2 relaxin, H3 relaxin, INSL3 and INSL5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Ross A D Bathgate
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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18
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Hossain MA, Wade JD. Novel Methods for the Chemical Synthesis of Insulin Superfamily Peptides and of Analogues Containing Disulfide Isosteres. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2116-2127. [PMID: 28829564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The insulin superfamily of peptides is ubiquitous within vertebrates and invertebrates and is characterized by the presence of a set of three disulfide bonds in a unique disposition. With the exception of insulin-like growth factors I and II, which are single chain peptides, the remaining 8 members of the human insulin superfamily are two-chain peptides containing one intramolecular and two intermolecular disulfide bridges. These structural features have long made the chemical synthesis of the peptides a considerable challenge, in particular, including their correct disulfide bond pairing and formation. However, they have also afforded the opportunity to develop modern solid phase synthesis methods for the preparation of such peptides that incorporate novel or improved chemical methods for the controlled introduction of both disulfide bonds and their surrogates, both during and after peptide chain assembly. In turn, this has enabled a detailed probing of the structure and function relationship of this small but complex superfamily of peptides. After initially using and subsequently identifying significant limitations of the approach of simultaneous random chain combination and oxidative folding, our laboratory undertook to develop robust chemical synthesis strategies in concert with orthogonal cysteine S-protecting groups and corresponding regioselective disulfide bond formation. These have included the separate synthesis of each of the two chains or of the two chains linked by an artificial C-peptide that is removed following postoxidative folding. These, in turn, have enabled an increased ease of acquisition in a good yield of not only members of human insulin superfamily but other insulin-like peptides. Importantly, these successful methods have enabled, for the first time, a detailed analysis of the role that the disulfide bonds play in the structure and function of such peptides. This was achieved by selective removal of the disulfide bonds or by the judicious insertion of disulfide isosteres that possess structurally subtle variations in bond length, hydrophobicity, and angle. These include lactam, dicarba, and cystathionine, each of which has required modifications to the peptide synthesis protocols for their successful placement within the peptides. Together, these synthesis improvements and the novel chemical developments of cysteine/cystine analogues have greatly aided in the development of novel insulin-like peptide (INSL) analogues, principally with intra-A-chain disulfide isosteres, possessing not only improved functional properties such as increased receptor selectivity but also, with one important and unexpected exception, greater in vivo half-lives due to stability against disulfide reductases. Such analogues greatly will aid further biochemical and pharmacological analyses to delineate the structure-function relationships of INSLs and also future potential drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience
and Mental Health and School
of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - John D. Wade
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience
and Mental Health and School
of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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19
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Kent S. Chemical protein synthesis: Inventing synthetic methods to decipher how proteins work. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4926-4937. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Yan B, Ye L, Xu W, Liu L. Recent advances in racemic protein crystallography. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4953-4965. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Gori A, Gagni P, Rinaldi S. Disulfide Bond Mimetics: Strategies and Challenges. Chemistry 2017; 23:14987-14995. [PMID: 28749012 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The activity profile of many biologically relevant proteins and peptides often relies on a precise 3D structural organization. In this context, disulfide bonds are natural covalent constraints that play a key role in driving and stabilizing the folding pattern of these molecules. Despite its prominent significance as structural motif, the disulfide bond itself is inherently unstable under physiological conditions, posing a major limit to the use and development of disulfide-rich peptides and proteins as molecular tools and drug lead compounds. To tackle this restriction, disulfide engineering with stable functional analogues has arisen a considerable interest. Here, the most popular approaches to disulfide replacement are reviewed and discussed with particular emphasis on advantages and limitations under both functional and synthetic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gori
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM), National Research Council of, Italy) (CNR, via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Gagni
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM), National Research Council of, Italy) (CNR, via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Rinaldi
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM), National Research Council of, Italy) (CNR, via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milano, Italy
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22
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Hilimire TA, Chamberlain JM, Anokhina V, Bennett RP, Swart O, Myers JR, Ashton JM, Stewart RA, Featherston AL, Gates K, Helms ED, Smith HC, Dewhurst S, Miller BL. HIV-1 Frameshift RNA-Targeted Triazoles Inhibit Propagation of Replication-Competent and Multi-Drug-Resistant HIV in Human Cells. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1674-1682. [PMID: 28448121 PMCID: PMC5477779 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
HIV-1 frameshift-stimulating (FSS) RNA, a regulatory RNA of
critical importance in the virus’ life cycle, has been posited
as a novel target for anti-HIV drug development. We report the synthesis
and evaluation of triazole-containing compounds able to bind the FSS
with high affinity and selectivity. Readily accessible synthetically,
these compounds are less toxic than previously reported olefin congeners.
We show for the first time that FSS-targeting compounds have antiviral
activity against replication-competent HIV in human cells, including
a highly cytopathic, multidrug-resistant strain. These results support
the viability of the HIV-1 FSS RNA as a therapeutic target and more
generally highlight opportunities for synthetic molecule-mediated
interference with protein recoding in a wide range of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric D. Helms
- Department of Chemistry, SUNY Geneseo, Geneseo, New York 14454, United States
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23
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Dmab/ivDde protected diaminodiacids for solid-phase synthesis of peptide disulfide-bond mimics. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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24
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Harris PWR, Cook GM, Leung IKH, Brimble MA. An Efficient Chemical Synthesis of Lassomycin Enabled by an On-Resin Lactamisation–Off-Resin Methanolysis Strategy and Preparation of Chemical Variants. Aust J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of the naturally occurring cyclic peptide lassomycin that bears a unique Asp–Gly isopeptide bond and a C-terminal methyl ester is described. On-resin cyclisation between 1Gly and side chain 8Asp and a subsequent solution-phase transesterification reaction afforded synthetic lassomycin in high yield. Several analogues were also prepared using the optimised methodology. None of the cyclised peptides, including the synthetic natural product, exhibited any significant activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Comparison of the spectroscopic data for synthetic lassomycin with naturally occurring lassomycin concluded they were otherwise identical.
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25
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Guo Y, Liu C, Song H, Wang FL, Zou Y, Wu QY, Hu HG. Diaminodiacid-based synthesis of macrocyclic peptides using 1,2,3-triazole bridges as disulfide bond mimetics. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26617g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A new approach for the efficient construction of 1,2,3-triazole bridges as disulfide surrogates in peptides, utilizing the diaminodiacid strategy was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Guo
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Hui Song
- College of Pharmacy
- Weifang Medical University
- Weifang
- China
| | | | - Yan Zou
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Qiu-Ye Wu
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Hong-Gang Hu
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
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26
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Pacifico S, Kerckhoffs A, Fallow AJ, Foreman RE, Guerrini R, McDonald J, Lambert DG, Jamieson AG. Urotensin-II peptidomimetic incorporating a non-reducible 1,5-triazole disulfide bond reveals a pseudo-irreversible covalent binding mechanism to the urotensin G-protein coupled receptor. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:4704-4710. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00959c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
New high affinity peptidomimetic ligands have been developed that provided new insight into the mechanism of binding of U-II peptide with the urotensin-II receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Pacifico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA
- University of Ferrara
- Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Aidan Kerckhoffs
- School of Chemistry
- Joseph Black Building. University Avenue
- Glasgow
- UK
| | | | | | - Remo Guerrini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA
- University of Ferrara
- Ferrara
- Italy
| | - John McDonald
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences
- Division of Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Management
- Leicester
- UK
| | - David G. Lambert
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences
- Division of Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Management
- Leicester
- UK
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27
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Karas JA, Patil NA, Tailhades J, Sani MA, Scanlon DB, Forbes BE, Gardiner J, Separovic F, Wade JD, Hossain MA. Total Chemical Synthesis of an Intra-A-Chain Cystathionine Human Insulin Analogue with Enhanced Thermal Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Karas
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- CSIRO; Materials Science and Engineering; Clayton VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Nitin A. Patil
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Julien Tailhades
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Marc-Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry; Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Denis B. Scanlon
- Department of Chemistry; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Briony E. Forbes
- School of Medicine; Flinders University; Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - James Gardiner
- CSIRO; Materials Science and Engineering; Clayton VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry; Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - John D. Wade
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Chemistry; Bio21 Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
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28
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Karas JA, Patil NA, Tailhades J, Sani MA, Scanlon DB, Forbes BE, Gardiner J, Separovic F, Wade JD, Hossain MA. Total Chemical Synthesis of an Intra-A-Chain Cystathionine Human Insulin Analogue with Enhanced Thermal Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14743-14747. [PMID: 27761974 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, storage of insulin formulations at 4 °C is still necessary to minimize chemical degradation. This is problematic in tropical regions where reliable refrigeration is not ubiquitous. Some degradation byproducts are caused by disulfide shuffling of cystine that leads to covalently bonded oligomers. Consequently we examined the utility of the non-reducible cystine isostere, cystathionine, within the A-chain. Reported herein is an efficient method for forming this mimic using simple monomeric building blocks. The intra-A-chain cystathionine insulin analogue was obtained in good overall yield, chemically characterized and demonstrated to possess native binding affinity for the insulin receptor isoform B. It was also shown to possess significantly enhanced thermal stability indicating potential application to next-generation insulin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Karas
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,CSIRO, Materials Science and Engineering, Clayton, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Nitin A Patil
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Julien Tailhades
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Marc-Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Denis B Scanlon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Briony E Forbes
- School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - James Gardiner
- CSIRO, Materials Science and Engineering, Clayton, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - John D Wade
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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29
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Viková J, Collinsová M, Kletvíková E, Buděšínský M, Kaplan V, Žáková L, Veverka V, Hexnerová R, Aviñó RJT, Straková J, Selicharová I, Vaněk V, Wright DW, Watson CJ, Turkenburg JP, Brzozowski AM, Jiráček J. Rational steering of insulin binding specificity by intra-chain chemical crosslinking. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19431. [PMID: 26792393 PMCID: PMC4726324 DOI: 10.1038/srep19431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a key hormone of human metabolism with major therapeutic importance for both types of diabetes. New insulin analogues with more physiological profiles and better glycemic control are needed, especially analogues that preferentially bind to the metabolic B-isoform of insulin receptor (IR-B). Here, we aimed to stabilize and modulate the receptor-compatible conformation of insulin by covalent intra-chain crosslinking within its B22-B30 segment, using the Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azides and alkynes. This approach resulted in 14 new, systematically crosslinked insulin analogues whose structures and functions were extensively characterized and correlated. One of the analogues, containing a B26-B29 triazole bridge, was highly active in binding to both IR isoforms, with a significant preference for IR-B. Our results demonstrate the potential of chemistry-driven modulation of insulin function, also shedding new light on the functional importance of hormone's B-chain C-terminus for its IR-B specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Viková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Collinsová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Emília Kletvíková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Kaplan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Veverka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Rozálie Hexnerová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Roberto J. Tarazona Aviñó
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Straková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Selicharová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Vaněk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel W. Wright
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Watson
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Johan P. Turkenburg
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrzej M. Brzozowski
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
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Hossain MA, Haugaard-Kedström LM, Rosengren KJ, Bathgate RAD, Wade JD. Chemically synthesized dicarba H2 relaxin analogues retain strong RXFP1 receptor activity but show an unexpected loss of in vitro serum stability. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:10895-903. [PMID: 26368576 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01539a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptides and proteins are now acknowledged as viable alternatives to small molecules as potential therapeutic agents. A primary limitation to their more widespread acceptance is their generally short in vivo half-lives due to serum enzyme susceptibility and rapid renal clearance. Numerous chemical approaches to address this concern have been undertaken in recent years. The replacement of disulfide bonds with non-reducible elements has been demonstrated to be one effective means by eliminating the deleterious effect of serum reductases. In particular, substitution with dicarba bonds via ring closure metathesis has been increasingly applied to many bioactive cystine-rich peptides. We used this approach for the replacement of the A-chain intramolecular disulfide bond of human relaxin 2 (H2 relaxin), an insulin-like peptide that has important regulatory roles in cardiovascular and connective tissue homeostasis that has led to successful Phase IIIa clinical trials for the treatment of acute heart failure. Use of efficient solid phase synthesis of the two peptide chains was followed by on-resin ring closure metathesis and formation of the dicarba bond within the A-chain and then by off-resin combination with the B-chain via sequential directed inter-chain disulfide bond formation. After purification and comprehensive chemical characterization, the two isomeric synthetic H2 relaxin analogues were shown to retain near-equipotent RXFP1 receptor binding and activation propensity. Unexpectedly, the in vitro serum stability of the analogues was greatly reduced compared with the native peptide. Circular dichroism spectroscopy studies showed subtle differences in the secondary structures between dicarba analogues and H2 relaxin suggesting that, although the overall fold is retained, it may be destabilized which could account for rapid degradation of dicarba analogues in serum. Caution is therefore recommended when using ring closure metathesis as a general approach to enhance peptide stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Bathula SR, Akondi SM, Mainkar PS, Chandrasekhar S. “Pruning of biomolecules and natural products (PBNP)”: an innovative paradigm in drug discovery. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:6432-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00403a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Smart Schneider: ‘Nature’ is the most intelligent tailor with an ability to utilize the resources. Researchers are still at an infant stage learning this art. The present review highlights some of the man made pruning of bio-molecules and NPs (PBNP) in finding chemicals with a better therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendar Reddy Bathula
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- 500007 India
| | - Srirama Murthy Akondi
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- 500007 India
| | - Prathama S. Mainkar
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- 500007 India
| | - Srivari Chandrasekhar
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- 500007 India
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