1
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Chen L, Lowe B, Fletcher S. Tetrazole and acylsulfonamide bioisosteric replacements of the carboxylic acid in a dual MCL-1/BCL-x L inhibitor are tolerated. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34322-34334. [PMID: 38024975 PMCID: PMC10664828 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05711a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1 is associated with a plethora of human cancers, and it reduces the sensitivity of cancer cells to approved chemotherapies. Accordingly, the discovery of MCL-1 inhibitors is an active area of interest. Many inhibitors of the anti-apoptotic MCL-1 protein bear a crucial carboxylic acid that may engage Arg263 in the BH3-binding groove. We previously described the salicylic acid-based dual MCL-1/BCL-xL inhibitor 17cd, which is currently undergoing lead optimization. As part of that process, we wished to investigate bioisosteric replacement of 17cd's key carboxylic acid. Herein we describe the synthesis of a variety of analogues of a simpler analogue of 17cd presenting carboxylic acid surrogates. The acylsulfonamide and tetrazole motifs, which exhibit comparable pKas to the carboxylic acid function, displayed similar, or better, binding affinities to MCL-1 and BCL-xL as the corresponding carboxylic acid-containing lead. Our best compound was acylsulfonamide 7d with a Ki of 800 nM against MCL-1 and 1.82 mM against BCL-xL, and demonstrated an improved effect on the viability of the HL60 acute myeloid leukemia cell line relative to the parent carboxylic acid-containing dual inhibitor from which it was derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Chen
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy 20N Pine St Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Brandon Lowe
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy 20N Pine St Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Steven Fletcher
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy 20N Pine St Baltimore MD 21201 USA
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center 20 S. Greene St. Baltimore MD 21201 USA
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2
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Ametsetor E, Fobi K, Bunce RA. Synthesis and Elimination Pathways of 1-Methanesulfonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline Sulfonamides. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073256. [PMID: 37050020 PMCID: PMC10096818 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of new Morita–Baylis–Hillman acetates were prepared and reacted with methanesulfonamide (K2CO3, DMF, 23 °C) to produce tertiary dihydroquinoline sulfonamides in high yields. Subsequent efforts to eliminate the methylsulfonyl group from these derivatives (K2CO3, DMF, 90 °C) as a route to quinolines were met with mixed results. Although dihydroquinoline sulfonamides prepared from ethyl acrylate and acrylonitrile generally underwent elimination to give excellent yields of quinolines, those generated from 3-buten-2-one failed to undergo elimination and instead decomposed. The failure of these ketone substrates to aromatize presumably derives from the enolizable methyl ketone at C-3. Finally, the attempted aromatization of the acrylate-derived 6,7-difluoro-1,2-dihydroquinoline sulfonamide demonstrated that other interesting processes could occur in preference to the desired elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Ametsetor
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3071, USA
| | - Kwabena Fobi
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3071, USA
| | - Richard A. Bunce
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3071, USA
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3
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Chen L, Chauhan J, Yap JL, Goodis CC, Wilder PT, Fletcher S. Discovery of N-sulfonylated aminosalicylic acids as dual MCL-1/BCL-xL inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:103-112. [PMID: 36760746 PMCID: PMC9890589 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00277a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1, which is overexpressed in multiple cancers, is presently a focus for the development of targeted drugs in oncology. We previously discovered inhibitors of MCL-1 based on 1-sulfonylated 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-6-carboxylic acids ("1,6-THQs"). However, with the nitrogen atom constrained in the bicyclic ring, we were unable to modify the alkyl portion of the tertiary sulfonamide functionality. Moreover, the introduction of additional functional groups onto the benzene ring portion of the THQ bicycle would not be trivial. Therefore, we elected to deconstruct the piperidine-type ring of the 6-carboxy-THQ lead to create a new 4-aminobenzoic acid scaffold. Given its simplicity, this permitted us to introduce diversity at the sulfonamide nitrogen, as well as vary the positions and substituents of the benzene ring. One of our most potent MCL-1 inhibitors, 6e-OH, exhibited a K i of 0.778 μM. Heteronuclear single quantum coherence experiments suggested 6e-OH bound in the canonical BH3-binding groove, with significant perturbations of R263, which forms a salt bridge with MCL-1's pro-apoptotic binding partners, as well as residues in the p2 pocket. Selectivity studies indicated that our compounds are dual inhibitors of MCL-1 and BCL-xL, with 17cd the most potent dual inhibitor: K i = 0.629 μM (MCL-1), 1.67 μM (BCL-xL). Whilst selective inhibitors may be more desirable in certain instances, polypharmacological agents whose additional target(s) address other pathways associated with the disease state, or serve to counter resistance mechanisms to the primary target, may prove particularly effective therapeutics. Since selective MCL-1 inhibition may be thwarted by overexpression of sister anti-apoptotic proteins, including BCL-xL and BCL-2, we believe our work lays a solid foundation towards the development of multi-targeting anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy 20 N. Pine St. Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Jay Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy 20 N. Pine St. Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Jeremy L Yap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy 20 N. Pine St. Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Christopher C Goodis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy 20 N. Pine St. Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Paul T Wilder
- University of Maryland School of Medicine 20 S. Greene St. Baltimore MD 21201 USA
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center 20 S. Greene St. Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Steven Fletcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy 20 N. Pine St. Baltimore MD 21201 USA
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center 20 S. Greene St. Baltimore MD 21201 USA
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4
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Chen L, Chan AM, Wilder PT, Fletcher S. 1-Sulfonylated 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-6-carboxylic acids as simple, readily-accessible MCL-1 inhibitors. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1879-1889. [PMID: 36281026 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
MCL-1 is a member of the BCL-2 family of proteins that regulates the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Overexpression of MCL-1 is associated with the development and progression of a range of human cancers, and is also responsible for the onset of resistance to conventional chemotherapies. Although several MCL-1 inhibitors have now advanced to clinical trials, recent suspensions and terminations reveal the urgency with which new inhibitor chemotypes must be discovered. Building on our previous studies of a chiral, isomeric lead, we report the discovery of a new chemotype to inhibit MCL-1: 1-sulfonylated 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-6-carboxylic acid. The nature of the sulfonyl moiety contributed significantly to the resulting inhibitory ability. For example, transforming a phenylsulfonyl group into a 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)phenyl)sulfonyl moiety elicited more than a 73-fold enhancement in inhibiton of MCL-1, possibly through targeting the p2 pocket in the BH3-binding groove, and so it is anticipated that further structure-activity studies here will lead to continued improvements in binding. It should be underscored that this class of MCL-1 inhibitors is readily accessible in four simple steps, is achiral and offers many avenues for optimization, all factors that are welcomed in the search for safe and effective inhibitors of this driver of cancer cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexandria M Chan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul T Wilder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven Fletcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Wang X, Zeng H, Zhang W, Guo H, Jin T, Shi S, Jin X, Qu N, Liu L, Zhang L. Copper-catalyzed construction of ( Z)-benzo[ cd]indoles: stereoselective intramolecular trans-addition and S N-Ar reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7949-7955. [PMID: 36178274 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01488b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Substituted benzo[cd]indoles are one of the most attractive frameworks because of their wide range of biological and optical activities. Herein, a copper-catalyzed one-step synthesis of biologically important polysubstituted benzo[cd]indoles starting from 8-alkynyl-1-naphthylamine derivatives is reported. In this protocol, many substituents tolerated the reaction conditions and produced (Z)-benzo[cd]indoles in good yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that the reaction proceeds via a stereoselective intramolecular trans-addition and SN-Ar reaction with high selectivity and high yields. The synthesized polysubstituted (Z)-benzo[cd]indoles possess sulfonamide building blocks, which make them candidates for bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesive and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China. .,College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Heyang Zeng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesive and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China.
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesive and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China.
| | - Haiyang Guo
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tao Jin
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesive and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China.
| | - Senlei Shi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesive and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Jin
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesive and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China.
| | - Na Qu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesive and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesive and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China.
| | - Lianpeng Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesive and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China.
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6
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Chan AM, Goodis CC, Pommier EG, Fletcher S. Recent applications of covalent chemistries in protein-protein interaction inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:921-928. [PMID: 36092144 PMCID: PMC9384789 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00112h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are large, often featureless domains whose modulations by small-molecules are challenging. Whilst there are some notable successes, such as the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax, the requirement for larger ligands to achieve the desired level of potency and selectivity may result in poor "drug-like" properties. Covalent chemistry is presently enjoying a renaissance. In particular, targeted covalent inhibition (TCI), in which a weakly electrophilic "warhead" is installed onto a protein ligand scaffold, is a powerful strategy to develop potent inhibitors of PPIs that are smaller/more drug-like yet have enhanced affinities by virtue of the reinforcing effect on the existing non-covalent interactions by the resulting protein-ligand covalent bond. Furthermore, the covalent bond delivers sustained inhibition, which may translate into significantly reduced therapeutic dosing. Herein, we discuss recent applications of a spectrum of TCIs, as well as covalent screening strategies, in the discovery of more effective inhibitors of PPIs using the HDM2 and BCL-2 protein families as case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria M Chan
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences 20 N. Pine St Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Christopher C Goodis
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy PharmD Program, 20 N. Pine St Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Elie G Pommier
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy PharmD Program, 20 N. Pine St Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Steven Fletcher
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences 20 N. Pine St Baltimore MD 21201 USA
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center 20 S. Greene St Baltimore MD 21201 USA
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7
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Drennen B, Goodis CC, Bowen N, Yu W, Vickers G, Wilder PT, MacKerell AD, Fletcher S. Scaffold hopping from indoles to indazoles yields dual MCL-1/BCL-2 inhibitors from MCL-1 selective leads. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:963-969. [PMID: 36092148 PMCID: PMC9384788 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00095d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins is associated with the development and progression of a range of cancers. Venetoclax, an FDA-approved BCL-2 inhibitor, is fast becoming the standard-of-care for acute myeloid leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, the median survival offered by venetoclax is only 18 months (as part of a combination therapy regimen), and one of the primary culprits for this is the concomitant upregulation of sister anti-apoptotic proteins, in particular MCL-1 (and BCL-xL), which provides an escape route that manifests as venetoclax resistance. Since inhibition of BCL-xL leads to thrombocytopenia, we believe that a dual MCL-1/BCL-2 inhibitor may provide an enhanced therapeutic effect relative to a selective BCL-2 inhibitor. Beginning with a carboxylic acid-containing literature compound that is a potent inhibitor of MCL-1 and a moderate inhibitor of BCL-2, we herein describe our efforts to develop dual inhibitors of MCL-1 and BCL-2 by scaffold hopping from an indole core to an indazole framework. Subsequently, further elaboration of our novel N2-substituted, indazole-3-carboxylic acid lead into a family of indazole-3-acylsulfonamides resulted in improved inhibition of both MCL-1 and BCL-2, possibly through occupation of the p4 pocket, with minimal or no inhibition of BCL-xL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Drennen
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences 20 N. Pine St. Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Christopher C. Goodis
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences20 N. Pine St.BaltimoreMD 21201USA
| | - Nathan Bowen
- Department of Chemistry, Cardiff UniversityCF10 3ATUK
| | - Wenbo Yu
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences 20 N. Pine St. Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | | | - Paul T. Wilder
- University of Maryland School of Medicine20 S. Greene St.BaltimoreMD 21201USA
| | - Alexander D. MacKerell
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences20 N. Pine St.BaltimoreMD 21201USA,University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center20 S. Greene St.BaltimoreMD 21201USA
| | - Steven Fletcher
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences 20 N. Pine St. Baltimore MD 21201 USA .,University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center 20 S. Greene St. Baltimore MD 21201 USA
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8
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Yakovenko GG, Saliyeva LN, Rusanov EB, Donchak IS, Vovk MV. Synthesis of methyl(ethyl) pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridine-6-carboxylates and their conversion to tert-butyl 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo-[4,3-b]pyridine-6-carboxylates. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-03032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Sulfonamide derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents and their SARs elucidation. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113837. [PMID: 34530384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the arise of drug resistance and undesirable off-target effects of anti-cancer agents are major challenges for cancer treatment, which energizes medicinal chemists to develop more anti-cancer agents with high efficiency and low toxicity continuously. Sulfonamide derivatives are a class of promising compounds with diverse biological activities including anti-cancer, and parts of them have been marketed for cancer therapy, such as Belinostat, ABT-199 and Amsacrine. In this review, we summed up the recent advances of sulfonamide derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents based on the anti-cancer targets, such as aromatase, carbonic anhydrase (CA), anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) proteins, topoisomerase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and elucidated the corresponding structure-activity relationships (SARs) of most sulfonamide derivatives. We hope this review could provide a clear insight for medicinal chemists in the rational design of more potent and bio-target specific anti-cancer agents.
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10
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Tak RK, Amemiya F, Noda H, Shibasaki M. Generation and application of Cu-bound alkyl nitrenes for the catalyst-controlled synthesis of cyclic β-amino acids. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7809-7817. [PMID: 34168835 PMCID: PMC8188474 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01419f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of saturated N-heterocycles as valuable building blocks in medicinal chemistry has led to the development of new methods to construct such nitrogen-containing cyclic frameworks. Despite the apparent strategic clarity, intramolecular C-H aminations with metallonitrenes have only sporadically been explored in this direction because of the intractability of the requisite alkyl nitrenes. Here, we report copper-catalysed intramolecular amination using an alkyl nitrene generated from substituted isoxazolidin-5-ones upon N-O bond cleavage. The copper catalysis exclusively aminates aromatic C(sp2)-H bonds among other potentially reactive groups, offering a solution to the chemoselectivity problem that has been troublesome with rhodium catalysis. A combined experimental and computational study suggested that the active species in the current cyclic β-amino acid synthesis is a dicopper alkyl nitrene, which follows a cyclisation pathway distinct from the analogous alkyl metallonitrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj K Tak
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) Tokyo3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Fuyuki Amemiya
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) Tokyo3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) Tokyo3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) Tokyo3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
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11
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Fan Y, Hou X, Fang H. Recent Advances in the Development of Selective Mcl-1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer (2017-Present). Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2020; 15:306-320. [DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666200916124641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) protein, as a critical pro-survival member
of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein family, plays an important role in apoptosis, carcinogenesis
and resistance to chemotherapies. Hence, potently and selectively inhibiting Mcl-1 to induce
apoptosis has become a widely accepted anticancer strategy.
Objective:
This review intends to provide a comprehensive overview of patents and primary literature,
published from 2017 to present, on small molecule Mcl-1 inhibitors with various scaffolds.
By analyzing the modes of compound-protein interactions, the similarities and differences of those
structures are discussed, which could provide guidance for future drug design.
Methods:
The primary accesses for patent searching are SciFinder and Espacenet®. Besides the data
disclosed in patents, some results published in the follow-up research papers will be included in
this review.
Results:
The review covers dozens of patents on Mcl-1 inhibitors in the past three years, and the
scaffolds of compounds are mainly divided into indole scaffolds and non-indole scaffolds. The
compounds described here are compared with the relevant inhibitors disclosed in previous patents,
and representative compounds, especially those launched in clinical trials, are emphasized in this review.
Conclusion:
For most of the compounds in these patents, analyses of the binding affinity to Mcl-1
and studies in multiple cell lines were conducted, wherein some compounds were tested in preclinical
cancer models or were included in other biological studies. Some compounds showed promising
results and potential for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuben Hou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
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12
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Negi A, Murphy PV. Development of Mcl-1 inhibitors for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:113038. [PMID: 33333396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein (Mcl-1) is an anti-apoptotic protein of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family, which regulates cellular apoptosis. Mcl-1 expression plays a key role in survival of cancer cells and therefore serves as a promising target in cancer therapy. Besides, its importance as a cancer target, various peptides and small-molecule inhibitors have been successfully designed and synthesized, yet no Mcl-1 inhibitor is approved for clinical use. However, recent development on the understanding of Mcl-1's role in key cellular processes in cancer and an upsurge of reports highlighting its association in various anticancer drug resistance supports the view that Mcl-1 is a key target in various cancers, especially hematological cancers. This review compiles structures of a variety of inhibitors of Mcl-1 reported to date. These include inhibitors based on a diverse range of heterocycles (e.g. indole, imidazole, thiophene, nicotinic acid, piperazine, triazine, thiazole, isoindoline), oligomers (terphenyl, quaterpyridine), polyphenol, phenalene, anthranilic acid, anthraquinone, macrocycles, natural products, and metal-based complexes. In addition, an effort has been made to summarize the structure activity relationships, based on a variety of assays, of some important classes of Mcl-1 inhibitors, giving affinities and selectivities for Mcl-1 compared to other Bcl-2 family members. A focus has been placed on categorizing the inhibitors based on their core frameworks (scaffolds) to appeal to the chemical biologist or medicinal chemist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Negi
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Paul V Murphy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.
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13
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Chen T, Xiong H, Yang JF, Zhu XL, Qu RY, Yang GF. Diaryl Ether: A Privileged Scaffold for Drug and Agrochemical Discovery. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9839-9877. [PMID: 32786826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diaryl ether (DE) is a functional scaffold existing widely both in natural products (NPs) and synthetic organic compounds. Statistically, DE is the second most popular and enduring scaffold within the numerous medicinal chemistry and agrochemical reports. Given its unique physicochemical properties and potential biological activities, DE nucleus is recognized as a fundamental element of medicinal and agrochemical agents aimed at different biological targets. Its drug-like derivatives have been extensively synthesized with interesting biological features including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antimalarial, herbicidal, fungicidal, insecticidal, and so on. In this review, we highlight the medicinal and agrochemical versatility of the DE motif according to the published information in the past decade and comprehensively give a summary of the target recognition, structure-activity relationship (SAR), and mechanism of action of its analogues. It is expected that this profile may provide valuable guidance for the discovery of new active ingredients both in drug and pesticide research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Yu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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14
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Talukdar R. Synthetically important ring opening reactions by alkoxybenzenes and alkoxynaphthalenes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31363-31376. [PMID: 35520658 PMCID: PMC9056427 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05111j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkoxybenzenes and alkoxynaphthalenes, as nucleophiles, have drawn great attention from organic chemists over the decades. Due to their high ring strain, those particular classes of molecules are often used in synthesis by utilizing their properties to undergo facile Friedel-Crafts alkylations. Different isomeric and low or densely substituted alkoxybenzenes are used for synthesis according to the structure of the target molecule. Isomeric methoxybenzenes, are the most commonly used molecule in this regard. This review aims to comprehensively cover the instances of different alkoxy-benzenes/naphthalenes used as nucleophiles for ring opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranadeep Talukdar
- Molecular Synthesis and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow-226014 India
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15
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Zhang ZF, Zhang Y, Zhang CL, Ye S. Palladium-Catalyzed [4+2] and [5+2] Annulation for the Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines and 1,4-Benzoxazepines. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Fei Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4; 100190 Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100049 Beijing China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4; 100190 Beijing China
| | - Chun-Lin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4; 100190 Beijing China
| | - Song Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4; 100190 Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100049 Beijing China
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16
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Zheng Y, Dai P, Gao D, Hong K, Kou L, Dong S, Hu J, Qiu L, Hu W, Bao X, Xu X. Desaturation via Redox-Neutral Hydrogen Transfer Process: Synthesis of 2-Allyl Anilines, Mechanism and Applications. iScience 2020; 23:101168. [PMID: 32480129 PMCID: PMC7262561 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented desaturation method via redox-neutral hydrogen transfer process has been disclosed under mild conditions for the selective formation of terminal alkene with alkyl diazo compounds and aza-o-QMs. The control experiments and DFT calculations suggest that the visible light was introduced as a key parameter to enhance the reactivity via a radical process in the formation of closed-shell cyclopropane intermediate, followed by a ring opening and redox-neutral hydrogen transfer process to give the desaturated product. The high regioselectivity in this transformation is enabled by the internal amino species as an ancillary group (AG) in the final olefin formation step. This method provides a missing link in the expeditious preparation of synthetically useful 2-allyl anilines with broad substrate generality. Further applications of these generated products in N-heterocycle construction, including 5- and 6-membered rings with structural diversity, have been tactfully explored, which highlight the potential in methodology development and drug discovery. Highly site and regioselective synthesis enabled by ancillary group Desaturation via redox-neutral inert hydrogen transfer process Missing link in the synthesis of 2-allyl anilines with board substrate scope Methodology development and diversity synthesis based on 2-allyl anilines
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ping Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dafang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kemiao Hong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Luyao Kou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shanliang Dong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jundie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Materials Science and Devices, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xinfang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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17
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Reyes-Gutiérrez PE, Amatov TT, Švec P, Císařová I, Šaman D, Pohl R, Teplý F, Pospíšil L. Helquats as Promoters of the Povarov Reaction: Synthesis of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinoline Scaffolds Catalyzed by Helicene-Viologen Hybrids. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2212-2218. [PMID: 32400944 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Helquats (HQs) are structurally linked to helicenes and viologens, and they represent an attractive field of research in chemistry and medicinal chemistry. In the present work they were used as catalysts for the synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines in good yields by the Povarov reaction. The substrate scope and the capability of different helquats to promote Povarov reactions are demonstrated. Studies to elucidate mechanistic details revealed that helquats act as single-electron transfer oxidants through a cation-radical mechanism. The screening of the catalytic activity of HQs confirmed that an active HQ must have a LUMO energy below -8.67 eV and the standard redox potential higher (less negative) than -1.2 V vs. the ferrocene/ferrocenium redox couple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Reyes-Gutiérrez
- Department of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tynchtyk T Amatov
- Department of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Švec
- Department of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - David Šaman
- Department of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Department of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Teplý
- Department of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Pospíšil
- Department of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Electrochemistry at Nanoscale, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223, Prague, Czech Republic
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18
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Kump KJ, Miao L, Mady ASA, Ansari NH, Shrestha UK, Yang Y, Pal M, Liao C, Perdih A, Abulwerdi FA, Chinnaswamy K, Meagher JL, Carlson JM, Khanna M, Stuckey JA, Nikolovska-Coleska Z. Discovery and Characterization of 2,5-Substituted Benzoic Acid Dual Inhibitors of the Anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 and Bfl-1 Proteins. J Med Chem 2020; 63:2489-2510. [PMID: 31971799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins are overexpressed in a wide spectrum of cancers and have become well validated therapeutic targets. Cancer cells display survival dependence on individual or subsets of anti-apoptotic proteins that could be effectively targeted by multimodal inhibitors. We designed a 2,5-substituted benzoic acid scaffold that displayed equipotent binding to Mcl-1 and Bfl-1. Structure-based design was guided by several solved cocrystal structures with Mcl-1, leading to the development of compound 24, which binds both Mcl-1 and Bfl-1 with Ki values of 100 nM and shows appreciable selectivity over Bcl-2/Bcl-xL. The selective binding profile of 24 was translated to on-target cellular activity in model lymphoma cell lines. These studies lay a foundation for developing more advanced dual Mcl-1/Bfl-1 inhibitors that have potential to provide greater single agent efficacy and broader coverage to combat resistance in several types of cancer than selective Mcl-1 inhibitors alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrej Perdih
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | - Jacob M Carlson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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19
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Bourafai-Aziez A, Sebban M, Benabderrahmane M, Marekha B, Denis C, Paysant H, Weiswald LB, Carlier L, Bureau R, Coadou G, Ravault D, Voisin-Chiret AS, Sopková-de Oliveira Santos J, Oulyadi H. Binding mode of Pyridoclax to myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, docking and molecular dynamics approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:4162-4178. [PMID: 31612791 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1680434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) is an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family proteins. Its amplification is one of the most frequent genetic aberrations found in human cancers. Pyridoclax, a promising BH3 mimetic inhibitor, interacts directly with Mcl-1 and induces massive apoptosis at a concentration of 15 µM in combination with anti-Bcl-xL strategies in chemo-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines. In this study, a combined experimental and theoretical approach was used to investigate the binding mode of Pyridoclax to Mcl-1. The representative poses generated from dynamics simulations compared with NMR data revealed: (i) Pyridoclax bound to P1 and P2 pockets of Mcl-1 BH3 binding groove through its styryl and methyl groups establishing mainly hydrophobic contacts, (ii) one of the ending pyridines interacts through electrostatic interaction with K234 side chain, a negatively charged residue present only in this position in Mcl-1. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bourafai-Aziez
- CNRS Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, Rouen, France.,Normandie Université, UniCaen, CERMN, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - M Sebban
- CNRS Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | | | - B Marekha
- Normandie Université, UniCaen, CERMN, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - C Denis
- Normandie Université, UniCaen, CERMN, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - H Paysant
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Inserm U1086 ANTICIPE « Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment », Biologie et Thérapies Innovantes des Cancers de l'ovaire (BioTICLA), Caen, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer F. Baclesse, Unicancer, Caen, France
| | - L B Weiswald
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Inserm U1086 ANTICIPE « Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment », Biologie et Thérapies Innovantes des Cancers de l'ovaire (BioTICLA), Caen, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer F. Baclesse, Unicancer, Caen, France
| | - L Carlier
- Laboratoire Des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - R Bureau
- Normandie Université, UniCaen, CERMN, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - G Coadou
- CNRS Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - D Ravault
- Laboratoire Des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | | | - H Oulyadi
- CNRS Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, Rouen, France
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Fletcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Yu JS, Espinosa M, Noda H, Shibasaki M. Traceless Electrophilic Amination for the Synthesis of Unprotected Cyclic β-Amino Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10530-10537. [PMID: 31188574 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Electrophilic aminations involve an umpolung of a nitrogen atom, providing an alternate, distinctive synthetic strategy. The recent advent of various designed O-substituted hydroxylamines has significantly advanced this research field. An underappreciated issue is atom economy of the transformations: The necessary activating group on the oxygen atom is left in coproduced waste. Herein, we describe Rh-catalyzed electrophilic amination of substituted isoxazolidin-5-ones for the synthesis of unprotected, cyclic β-amino acids featuring either benzo-fused or spirocyclic scaffolds. Using the cyclic hydroxylamines allows for retaining both nitrogen and oxygen functionalities in the product. The traceless, redox neutral process proceeds on a gram scale with as little as 0.1 mol % catalyst loading. In contrast to related electrophilic aminations in the literature, a series of mechanistic experiments suggests a unique pathway involving spirocyclization, followed by the skeletal rearrangement. The insights provided herein shed light on a nuanced reactivity of the active species, Rh-nitrenoid generated from the activated hydroxylamine, and extend the knowledge on electrophilic aromatic substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sheng Yu
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo , 3-14-23 Kamiosaki , Shinagawa-ku , Tokyo 141-0021 , Japan
| | - Miguel Espinosa
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo , 3-14-23 Kamiosaki , Shinagawa-ku , Tokyo 141-0021 , Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo , 3-14-23 Kamiosaki , Shinagawa-ku , Tokyo 141-0021 , Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo , 3-14-23 Kamiosaki , Shinagawa-ku , Tokyo 141-0021 , Japan
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22
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Muthukrishnan I, Sridharan V, Menéndez JC. Progress in the Chemistry of Tetrahydroquinolines. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5057-5191. [PMID: 30963764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydroquinoline is one of the most important simple nitrogen heterocycles, being widespread in nature and present in a broad variety of pharmacologically active compounds. This Review summarizes the progress achieved in the chemistry of tetrahydroquinolines, with emphasis on their synthesis, during the period from mid-2010 to early 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isravel Muthukrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology , SASTRA Deemed University , Thanjavur 613401 , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology , SASTRA Deemed University , Thanjavur 613401 , Tamil Nadu , India.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences , Central University of Jammu , Rahya-Suchani (Bagla) , District-Samba, Jammu 181143 , Jammu and Kashmir , India
| | - J Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgańica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad Complutense , 28040 Madrid , Spain
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23
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Conlon IL, Van Eker D, Abdelmalak S, Murphy WA, Bashir H, Sun M, Chauhan J, Varney KM, Godoy-Ruiz R, Wilder PT, Fletcher S. Kröhnke pyridines: Rapid and facile access to Mcl-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1949-1953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Small-molecule Mcl-1 inhibitors: Emerging anti-tumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:471-482. [PMID: 29407973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The anti-apoptotic members of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) proteins family, such as Bcl-2 and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), are the key regulators of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and overexpressed in many tumor cells, which have been confirmed as potential drug targets for cancers. A number of Bcl-2 proteins inhibitors have been developed and conducted clinical trials, but no Mcl-1 inhibitors are presented in the clinics. In addition, Mcl-1 is an important reason for the resistance to radio- and chemotherapies, including inhibitors that target other Bcl-2 family members. For example, the recently launched Bcl-2-selective inhibitor ABT-199 displays highly potency in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but it cannot induce the apoptosis controlled by Mcl-1 in some tumor cell lines. Therefore, developing potent Mcl-1 inhibitors become urgently needed in clinical therapy. This review briefly introduces the structure of Mcl-1 protein, the role in cancers and focuses on the progress of small-molecule Mcl-1 inhibitors from 2012 to 2017.
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25
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Whiting E, Raje MR, Chauhan J, Wilder PT, Van Eker D, Hughes SJ, Bowen NG, Vickers GEA, Fenimore IC, Fletcher S. Discovery of Mcl-1 inhibitors based on a thiazolidine-2,4-dione scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 28:523-528. [PMID: 29329659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by a rhodanine-based dual inhibitor of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, a focused library of analogues was prepared wherein the rhodanine core was replaced with a less promiscuous thiazolidine-2,4-dione scaffold. Compounds were initially evaluated for their abilities to inhibit Mcl-1. The most potent compound 12b inhibited Mcl-1 with a Ki of 155 nM. Further investigation revealed comparable inhibition of Bcl-xL (Ki = 90 nM), indicating that the dual inhibitory profile of the initial rhodanine lead had been retained upon switching the heterocycle core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis Whiting
- School of Chemistry, University of Cardiff, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Mithun R Raje
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N Pine St., Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Jay Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N Pine St., Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Paul T Wilder
- Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics (CBT), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehesive Cancer Center, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Daniel Van Eker
- School of Chemistry, University of Cardiff, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Samuel J Hughes
- School of Chemistry, University of Cardiff, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Nathan G Bowen
- School of Chemistry, University of Cardiff, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | | | - Ian C Fenimore
- Eberly College of Science, Penn State University, 517 Thomas St., State College, PA 16803, United States
| | - Steven Fletcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N Pine St., Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehesive Cancer Center, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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26
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Borgohain H, Devi R, Dheer D, Borah BJ, Shankar R, Das SK. Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinoline-Embedded Bridged Benzothiaoxazepine-1,1-dioxides. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hemi Borgohain
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University; Napaam, Tezpur Assam India-784028
| | - Runjun Devi
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University; Napaam, Tezpur Assam India-784028
| | - Divya Dheer
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Division; Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR); Jammu India-180001
| | - Biraj Jyoti Borah
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University; Napaam, Tezpur Assam India-784028
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Division; Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR); Jammu India-180001
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); Jammu Campus India
| | - Sajal Kumar Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University; Napaam, Tezpur Assam India-784028
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27
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Luan S, Ge Q, Chen Y, Dai M, Yang J, Li K, Liu D, Zhao L. Discovery and structure-activity relationship studies of N-substituted indole derivatives as novel Mcl-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1943-1948. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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28
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Yap JL, Chen L, Lanning ME, Fletcher S. Expanding the Cancer Arsenal with Targeted Therapies: Disarmament of the Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins by Small Molecules. J Med Chem 2016; 60:821-838. [PMID: 27749061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of cancer is the evasion of apoptosis, which is often associated with the upregulation of the antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins. The prosurvival function of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins is manifested by capturing and neutralizing the proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins via their BH3 death domains. Accordingly, strategies to antagonize the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins have largely focused on the development of low-molecular-weight, synthetic BH3 mimetics ("magic bullets") to disrupt the protein-protein interactions between anti- and proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. In this way, apoptosis has been reactivated in malignant cells. Moreover, several such Bcl-2 family inhibitors are presently being evaluated for a range of cancers in clinical trials and show great promise as new additions to the cancer armamentarium. Indeed, the selective Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax (Venclexta) recently received FDA approval for the treatment of a specific subset of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This review focuses on the major developments in the field of Bcl-2 inhibitors over the past decade, with particular emphasis on binding modes and, thus, the origins of selectivity for specific Bcl-2 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L Yap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy , 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Lijia Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy , 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Maryanna E Lanning
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy , 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Steven Fletcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy , 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States.,University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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29
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Drennen B, Scheenstra JA, Yap JL, Chen L, Lanning ME, Roth BM, Wilder PT, Fletcher S. Structural Re-engineering of the α-Helix Mimetic JY-1-106 into Small Molecules: Disruption of the Mcl-1-Bak-BH3 Protein-Protein Interaction with 2,6-Di-Substituted Nicotinates. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:827-33. [PMID: 26844930 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The disruption of aberrant protein-protein interactions (PPIs) with synthetic agents remains a challenging goal in contemporary medicinal chemistry but some progress has been made. One such dysregulated PPI is that between the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, including myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), and the α-helical Bcl-2 homology-3 (BH3) domains of its pro-apoptotic counterparts, such as Bak. Herein, we describe the discovery of small-molecule inhibitors of the Mcl-1 oncoprotein based on a novel chemotype. Particularly, re-engineering of our α-helix mimetic JY-1-106 into 2,6-di-substituted nicotinates afforded inhibitors of comparable potencies but with significantly decreased molecular weights. The most potent inhibitor 2-(benzyloxy)-6-(4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)nicotinic acid (1 r: Ki =2.90 μm) likely binds in the p2 pocket of Mcl-1 and engages R263 in a salt bridge through its carboxylic acid, as supported by 2D (1) H-(15) N HSQC NMR data. Significantly, inhibitors were easily accessed in just four steps, which will facilitate future optimization efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Drennen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jacob A Scheenstra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jeremy L Yap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lijia Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Maryanna E Lanning
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Braden M Roth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Paul T Wilder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,University of Maryland, Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Steven Fletcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,University of Maryland, Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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