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Sun Y, Zhang C, Zhang X. O/S Exchange Reaction in Synthesizing Sulfur-Containing Polymers. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401684. [PMID: 38802324 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Using carbon disulfide (CS2) and carbonyl sulfide (COS) as sulfur-containing and one-carbon feedstocks to make value-added products is paramount for both pure and applied chemistry and environmental science. One of the practical strategies is to copolymerize these bulk chemicals with epoxides to produce sulfur-containing polymers. This approach contributes to improving the sustainability of polymer manufacturing, provides highly desired functional polymer materials, and has attracted much attention. However, these copolymerizations invariably exhibit the intensely complicated chemistry of O/S exchange reaction, leading to sulfur-containing polymers with diverse architectures. As the understanding of O/S exchange continues to deepen, recent efforts have guided significant advances in the synthesis of CS2- and COS-based polymers. This review examines the O/S exchange chemistry and summarizes the recent progress in this field to promote the further advance of synthesizing sulfur-containing polymers from CS2 and COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chengjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xinghong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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2
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Ullah Khan M, Ullah Khan S, Cao X, Usman M, Yue X, Ghaffar A, Hassan M, Zhang C, Zhang X. Copolymerization of Carbonyl Sulfide and Propylene Oxide via a Heterogeneous Prussian Blue Analogue Catalyst with High Productivity and Selectivity. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201050. [PMID: 36342176 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the superiority of a stable and well-defined heterogeneous cobalt hexacyanocobaltate (Co3 [Co(CN)6 ]2 ), a typical cobalt Prussian Blue Analogue (CoCo-PBA) that catalyzes the copolymerization of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and propylene oxide (PO) to produce poly(propylene monothiocarbonate)s (PPMTC). The number-average molecular weights of the PPMTC were 66.4 to 139.4 kg/mol, with a polydispersity of 2.0-3.9. The catalyst productivity reached 1040 g polymer/g catalyst (12.0 h). The oxygen-sulfur exchange reaction (O/S ER), which would generate random thiocarbonate and carbonate units, was effectively suppressed, and thus the selectivity of the monothiocarbonate over carbonate linkages was up to >99%. It was shown that no cyclic thiocarbonate byproduct was produced during the heterogeneous catalysis of COS/PO copolymerization using CoCo-PBA as the catalyst. The content of monothiocarbonate and ether units in the copolymer chain could be regulated by tuning the feeding amount of COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir Ullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Safir Ullah Khan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization (Ministry of Education), International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Zhejiang University-University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute (ZJU-UIUC), 718 East Haizhou Road, Haining, 314400, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Hassan
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Zhejiang University-University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute (ZJU-UIUC), 718 East Haizhou Road, Haining, 314400, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Chengjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xinghong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, 030013, Shanxi, P. R. China
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3
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Chen W, Lu X, Zhou H. Base‐catalyzed Sulfurative Condensation of 2‐Oxoindoles to Isoindigos Using Elemental Sulfur. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Xiao‐Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
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4
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Chen X, Hu C, Xu H, Qu R, Hu X, Yang J, Song X. Synthesized polyurethane from
p
‐toluenesulfonyl isocyanate and epichlorohydrin via salen catalysis. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Chenyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Changchun China
| | - Huidi Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Rui Qu
- School of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Xiaofeng Song
- School of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
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5
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Plajer AJ, Williams CK. Heterocycle/Heteroallene Ring‐Opening Copolymerization: Selective Catalysis Delivering Alternating Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. Plajer
- Oxford Chemistry Chemical Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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6
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Chen W, Zhou H, Ren BH, Ren WM, Lu XB. COS-triggered oxygen/sulfur exchange of isatins: chemoselective synthesis of functionalized isoindigos and spirothiopyrans via self-condensation and the thio-Diels-Alder reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:678-685. [PMID: 34939627 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02157e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present the first organocatalytic oxygen/sulfur atom exchange reaction (O/S ER) of isatins by employing carbonyl sulfide (COS) as a novel sulfuring reagent under mild reaction conditions. 8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) exhibited excellent activity in this approach. Remarkably, the chemical transformations of in situ generated 3-thioisatins can be tuned via the judicious choice of reaction solvents in a one pot process, enabling the selective formation of either functionalized isoindigos in CH3CN via a self-condensation process or spirothiopyrans in DMSO in the presence of conjugated dienes via the thio-Diels-Alder reaction. Mechanistic studies with experimental and density functional theory approaches revealed that the O/S ER between isatins and COS results in the formation of 3-thioisatins as the key intermediates, which further undergo solvent-controlled transformations to generate isoindigos or spirothiopyrans, respectively. The easily-accessible substrates and operational simplicity make the process suitable for further exploration. The practicality of this transformation was demonstrated by the gram-scale synthesis of isoindigo-based drug molecules and donor-acceptor conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Bai-Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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7
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Plajer AJ, Williams CK. Heterocycle/Heteroallene Ring-Opening Copolymerization: Selective Catalysis Delivering Alternating Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202104495. [PMID: 34015162 PMCID: PMC9298364 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heteroatom‐containing polymers have strong potential as sustainable replacements for petrochemicals, show controllable monomer–polymer equilibria and properties spanning plastics, elastomers, fibres, resins, foams, coatings, adhesives, and self‐assembled nanostructures. Their current and future applications span packaging, house‐hold goods, clothing, automotive components, electronics, optical materials, sensors, and medical products. An interesting route to these polymers is the catalysed ring‐opening copolymerisation (ROCOP) of heterocycles and heteroallenes. It is a living polymerization, occurs with high atom economy, and creates precise, new polymer structures inaccessible by traditional methods. In the last decade there has been a renaissance in research and increasing examples of commercial products made using ROCOP. It is better known in the production of polycarbonates and polyesters, but is also a powerful route to make N‐, S‐, and other heteroatom‐containing polymers, including polyamides, polycarbamates, and polythioesters. This Review presents an overview of the different catalysts, monomer combinations, and polymer classes that can be accessed by heterocycle/heteroallene ROCOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Plajer
- Oxford Chemistry, Chemical Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Charlotte K Williams
- Oxford Chemistry, Chemical Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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Kiriratnikom J, Yue XC, Yang JL, Wang Y, Chen SH, Zhang KK, Zhang CJ, Khan MU, Zhang XH. Unprecedentedly high active organocatalysts for the copolymerization of carbonyl sulfide and propylene oxide: steric hindrance effect of tertiary amines. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01013a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The TEB/DMCHA pair shows exceedingly high turnover frequency of 69 800 h−1 for organocatalytic COS/PO copolymerization at 60 °C under solvent-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraya Kiriratnikom
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xin-Chen Yue
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jia-Liang Yang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shuo-Hong Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ke-Ke Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Cheng-Jian Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Munir Ullah Khan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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9
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Tan D, Hu X, Cao Z, Luo M, Darensbourg DJ. Zwitterionic Alternating Polymerization to Generate Semicrystalline and Recyclable Cyclic Polythiourethanes. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:866-871. [PMID: 35648520 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of cyclic, semicrystalline, and recyclable polythiourethanes was realized via the catalyst-free zwitterionic alternating copolymerization of N-alkyl aziridines with carbonyl sulfide (COS) under mild conditions. The copolymerization proceeded efficiently at room temperature and generated copolymers with fully alternating linkages in more than 99% selectivity in 5 min under solvent-free conditions. Notably, the copolymers are typical semicrystalline thermoplastics with melting temperatures up to 137 °C (n-butyl-substituted) or 170 °C (ethyl-substituted). The resulting polythiourethanes are predominantly cyclic as evidenced by 1H NMR and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopies. Remarkably, the cyclic copolymers could be recycled into N-substituted cyclic thiourethanes in quantitative yield by heating at 250 °C for 2 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Tan
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Xin Hu
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Ming Luo
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Donald J. Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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10
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Jurrat M, Pointer-Gleadhill BJ, Ball LT, Chapman A, Adriaenssens L. Polyurethanes and Polyallophanates via Sequence-Selective Copolymerization of Epoxides and Isocyanates. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8136-8141. [PMID: 32311265 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aryl isocyanates are introduced as comonomers for ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) with epoxides. Informed by studies of reaction kinetics, we show that divergent sequence selectivity for AB- and ABB-type copolymers can be achieved with a single dimagnesium catalyst. The resulting materials respectively constitute a new class of polyurethanes (PUs) and a new class of materials featuring an unprecedented backbone structure, the polyallophanates (PAs). The successful use of isocyanate comonomers in this way marks a new direction for the field of ROCOP while providing distinct opportunities for expansion of PU structural diversity. Specifically, the methodology reported herein delivers PUs featuring fully substituted (tertiary) carbamyl nitrogen atoms, a structural motif that is almost inaccessible via extant polymerization strategies. Thus, in one step from commercially available comonomers, our methodology expands the scope of ROCOP and gives access to diverse materials featuring both privileged (PU) and unexplored (PA) microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Jurrat
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, U.K.,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Benjamin J Pointer-Gleadhill
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, U.K.,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Liam T Ball
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, U.K.,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Andy Chapman
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, London KT1 2EE, U.K
| | - Louis Adriaenssens
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, U.K
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11
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Yang J, Hu L, Cao X, Wang Y, Zhang X. An Investigation on the Production of Random Copolymer with Monothiocarbonate and Trithiocarbonate Units over Cyclic Thiocarbonate via Metal‐free Catalysis. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Liang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Lan‐Fang Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Xiao‐Han Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Ying Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Xing‐Hong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
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12
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13
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Zhou H, Zhang R, Zhang H, Mu S, Lu XB. Organocatalytic cycloaddition of carbonyl sulfide with propargylic alcohols to 1,3-oxathiolan-2-ones. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00062c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lewis base-COS adducts were firstly studied as organocatalysts for the cyclization of propargylic alcohols with carbonyl sulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- PR China
| | - Sen Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- PR China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- PR China
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14
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Hong M, Chen J, Chen EYX. Polymerization of Polar Monomers Mediated by Main-Group Lewis Acid-Base Pairs. Chem Rev 2018; 118:10551-10616. [PMID: 30350583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of new or more sustainable, active, efficient, controlled, and selective polymerization reactions or processes continues to be crucial for the synthesis of important polymers or materials with specific structures or functions. In this context, the newly emerged polymerization technique enabled by main-group Lewis pairs (LPs), termed as Lewis pair polymerization (LPP), exploits the synergy and cooperativity between the Lewis acid (LA) and Lewis base (LB) sites of LPs, which can be employed as frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), interacting LPs (ILPs), or classical Lewis adducts (CLAs), to effect cooperative monomer activation as well as chain initiation, propagation, termination, and transfer events. Through balancing the Lewis acidity, Lewis basicity, and steric effects of LPs, LPP has shown several unique advantages or intriguing opportunities compared to other polymerization techniques and demonstrated its broad polar monomer scope, high activity, control or livingness, and complete chemo- or regioselectivity, as well as its unique application in materials chemistry. These advances made in LPP are comprehensively reviewed, with the scope of monomers focusing on heteroatom-containing polar monomers, while the polymerizations mediated by main-group LAs and LBs separately that are most relevant to the LPP are also highlighted or updated. Examples of applying the principles of the LPP and LP chemistry as a new platform for advancing materials chemistry are highlighted, and currently unmet challenges in the field of the LPP, and thus the suggested corresponding future research directions, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
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15
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Yue TJ, Ren WM, Chen L, Gu GG, Liu Y, Lu XB. Synthesis of Chiral Sulfur-Containing Polymers: Asymmetric Copolymerization of meso
-Epoxides and Carbonyl Sulfide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12670-12674. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Li Chen
- Faculty of Machenical Engineering Materials and Energy; Dalian University of Technology; 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Ge-Ge Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
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16
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Yue TJ, Ren WM, Chen L, Gu GG, Liu Y, Lu XB. Synthesis of Chiral Sulfur-Containing Polymers: Asymmetric Copolymerization of meso
-Epoxides and Carbonyl Sulfide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Li Chen
- Faculty of Machenical Engineering Materials and Energy; Dalian University of Technology; 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Ge-Ge Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
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17
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Zhang CJ, Yang JL, Hu LF, Zhang XH. Anionic Copolymerization of Carbonyl Sulfide with Epoxides via Alkali Metal Alkoxides. CHINESE J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201700810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jian Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Jia-Liang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Lan-Fang Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
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18
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Yang JL, Cao XH, Zhang CJ, Wu HL, Zhang XH. Highly Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of COS-Based Block Copolymers by Using Organic Lewis Pairs. Molecules 2018; 23:E298. [PMID: 29385077 PMCID: PMC6017417 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A one-pot synthesis of block copolymer with regioregular poly(monothiocarbonate) block is described via metal-free catalysis. Lewis bases such as guanidine, quaternary onium salts, and Lewis acid triethyl borane (TEB) were equivalently combined and used as the catalysts. By using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the macromolecular chain transfer agent (CTA), narrow polydispersity block copolymers were obtained from the copolymerization of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and propylene oxide (PO). The block copolymers had a poly(monothiocarbonate) block with perfect alternating degree and regioregularity. Unexpectedly, the addition of CTA to COS/PO copolymerization system could dramatically improve the turnover frequency (TOF) of PO (up to 240 h-1), higher than that of the copolymerization without CTA. In addition, the conversion of CTA could be up to 100% in most cases, as revealed by ¹H NMR spectra. Of consequence, the number-average molecular weights (Mns) of the resultant block copolymers could be regulated by varying the feed ratio of CTA to PO. Oxygen-sulfur exchange reaction (O/S ER), which can generate randomly distributed thiocarbonate and carbonate units, was effectively suppressed in all of the cases in the presence of CTA, even at 80 °C. This work presents a versatile method for synthesizing sulfur-containing block copolymers through a metal-free route, providing an array of new block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Liang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Xiao-Han Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Cheng-Jian Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Hai-Lin Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Xing-Hong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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19
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López-Vidal EM, Gregory GL, Kociok-Köhn G, Buchard A. Polymers from sugars and CS2: synthesis and ring-opening polymerisation of sulfur-containing monomers derived from 2-deoxy-d-ribose and d-xylose. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00119g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic thionocarbonate and xanthate monomers were synthesised directly from ribose- and xylose-derived diols and CS2, and yielded novel sugar-based polymers with regioregular sulfur-containing linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgina L. Gregory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
- Centre for Doctoral Training in Sustainable Chemical Technologies
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Chemical Characterisation and Analysis Facilities
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
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20
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HCAII-inspired catalysts for making carbon dioxide-based copolymers: The role of metal-hydroxide bond. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Li Y, Duan HY, Luo M, Zhang YY, Zhang XH, Darensbourg DJ. Mechanistic Study of Regio-Defects in the Copolymerization of Propylene Oxide/Carbonyl Sulfide Catalyzed by (Salen)CrX Complexes. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Han-Yi Duan
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ming Luo
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Donald J. Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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22
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A Single-Site Iron(III)-Salan Catalyst for Converting COS to Sulfur-Containing Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9100515. [PMID: 30965818 PMCID: PMC6418724 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
An iron(III) complex of tetradentate N,N′-disubstituted bis(aminophenoxide) (designated as salan, a saturated version of the corresponding salen ligand) with a sterically hindered organic base anchored on the ligand framework, can selectively mediate the conversion of carbonyl sulfide to sulfur-containing polymers by the copolymerization with epoxides. This single-site catalyst exhibits broad substrate scope, and the resultant copolymers have completely alternating structures. In addition, this catalyst is efficient in producing diblock copolymers, suggesting a living polymerization nature.
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23
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Pálinkás N, Kollár L, Kégl T. Nature of the Metal-Ligand Interactions in Complexes M(PH 3
) 2
( η
2
-L) (M=Ni, Pd, Pt; L=CO 2
, COS, CS 2
): A Theoretical Study. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Pálinkás
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Pe'cs, and Szentágothai Research Centre; PO Box 266 H-7624 Pécs Hungary
| | - László Kollár
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Pe'cs, and Szentágothai Research Centre; PO Box 266 H-7624 Pécs Hungary
- MTA-PTE Research Group for Selective Chemical Syntheses; Ifjúság u. 6. H-7624 Pécs Hungary
| | - Tamás Kégl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Pe'cs, and Szentágothai Research Centre; PO Box 266 H-7624 Pécs Hungary
- MTA-PTE Research Group for Selective Chemical Syntheses; Ifjúság u. 6. H-7624 Pécs Hungary
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24
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Yang JL, Wu HL, Li Y, Zhang XH, Darensbourg DJ. Perfectly Alternating and Regioselective Copolymerization of Carbonyl Sulfide and Epoxides by Metal-Free Lewis Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Liang Yang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Hai-Lin Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
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25
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Yang JL, Wu HL, Li Y, Zhang XH, Darensbourg DJ. Perfectly Alternating and Regioselective Copolymerization of Carbonyl Sulfide and Epoxides by Metal-Free Lewis Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5774-5779. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Liang Yang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Hai-Lin Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
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26
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Hu LF, Li Y, Liu B, Zhang YY, Zhang XH. Alternating and regioregular copolymers with high refractive index from COS and biomass-derived epoxides. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08958a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic synthesis of well-defined COS- and biomass-derived copolymer with a high refractive index is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Fang Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Yang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Bin Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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27
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Ren WM, Yue TJ, Li MR, Wan ZQ, Lu XB. Crystalline and Elastomeric Poly(monothiocarbonate)s Prepared from Copolymerization of COS and Achiral Epoxide. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tian-Jun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ming-Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
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28
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Luo M, Zhang XH, Darensbourg DJ. Poly(monothiocarbonate)s from the Alternating and Regioselective Copolymerization of Carbonyl Sulfide with Epoxides. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:2209-2219. [PMID: 27676451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is an air pollutant that causes acid rain, ozonosphere damage, and carbon dioxide (CO2) generation. It is a heterocumulene and structural analogue of CO2. Relevant to organic synthesis, it is a source of C═O or C═S groups and thus an ideal one-carbon (C1) building block for synthesizing sulfur-containing polymers through the similar route of CO2 copolymerization. In contrast, traditional synthesis of sulfur-containing polymers often involves the condensation of thiols with phosgene and ring-opening polymerization of cyclic thiocarbonates that are generally derived from thiols and phosgene; thus, COS/epoxide copolymerization is a "greener" route to supplement or supplant current processes for the production of sulfur-containing polymers. This Accounts highlights our efforts on the discovery of the selective formation of poly(monothiocarbonate)s from COS with epoxides via heterogeneous zinc-cobalt double metal cyanide complex (Zn-Co(III) DMCC) and homogeneous (salen)CrX complexes. The catalytic activity and selectivity of Zn-Co(III) DMCC for COS/epoxide copolymerization are similar to those for CO2/epoxide copolymerization. (salen)CrX complexes accompanied by onium salts exhibited high activity and selectivity for COS/epoxide copolymerization under mild conditions, affording copolymers with >99% monothiocarbonate units and high tail-to-head content up to 99%. By way of contrast, these catalysts often show moderate or low activity for CO2/epoxide copolymerization. Of note, a specialty of COS/epoxide copolymerization is the occurrence of an oxygen-sulfur exchange reaction (O/S ER), which may produce carbonate and dithiocarbonate units. O/S ER, which are induced by the metal-OH bond regenerated by chain transfer reactions, can be kinetically inhibited by changing the reaction conditions. We provide a thorough mechanistic understanding of the electronic/steric effect of the catalysts on the regioselectivity of COS copolymerization. The regioselectivity of the copolymerization originates from the solely nucleophilic attack of the sulfur anion to methylene of the epoxide, and thus, the chiral configuration of the monosubstituted epoxides is retained. COS-based copolymers are highly transparent sulfur-containing polymers with excellent optical properties, such as high refractive index and Abbe number. Thanks to their good solubility and many available epoxides, COS/epoxide copolymers can potentially be a new applicable optical material. Very recently, crystalline COS-based polymers with or without chiral carbons have been synthesized, which may further expand the scope of application of these new materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Luo
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Donald J. Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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29
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Diebler J, Komber H, Häußler L, Lederer A, Werner T. Alkoxide-Initiated Regioselective Coupling of Carbon Disulfide and Terminal Epoxides for the Synthesis of Strongly Alternating Copolymers. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Diebler
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Liane Häußler
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität
Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Werner
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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30
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Yue TJ, Ren WM, Liu Y, Wan ZQ, Lu XB. Crystalline Polythiocarbonate from Stereoregular Copolymerization of Carbonyl Sulfide and Epichlorohydrin. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
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31
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Luo M, Li Y, Zhang YY, Zhang XH. Using carbon dioxide and its sulfur analogues as monomers in polymer synthesis. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Garden JA, Saini PK, Williams CK. Greater than the Sum of Its Parts: A Heterodinuclear Polymerization Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15078-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Prabhjot K. Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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33
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Ren WM, Liu Y, Xin AX, Fu S, Lu XB. Single-Site Bifunctional Catalysts for COX (X = O or S)/Epoxides Copolymerization: Combining High Activity, Selectivity, and Durability. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - An-Xiang Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Song Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
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