1
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Arno MC, Simpson JD, Blackman LD, Brannigan RP, Thurecht KJ, Dove AP. Enhanced drug delivery to cancer cells through a pH-sensitive polycarbonate platform. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:908-915. [PMID: 36533676 PMCID: PMC9890502 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01626e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-drug conjugates are widely investigated to enhance the selectivity of therapeutic drugs to cancer cells, as well as increase circulation lifetime and solubility of poorly soluble drugs. In order to direct these structures selectively to cancer cells, targeting agents are often conjugated to the nanoparticle surface as a strategy to limit drug accumulation in non-cancerous cells and therefore reduce systemic toxicity. Here, we report a simple procedure to generate biodegradable polycarbonate graft copolymer nanoparticles that allows for highly efficient conjugation and intracellular release of S-(+)-camptothecin, a topoisomerase I inhibitor widely used in cancer therapy. The drug-polymer conjugate showed strong efficacy in inhibiting cell proliferation across a range of cancer cell lines over non-cancerous phenotypes, as a consequence of the increased intracellular accumulation and subsequent drug release specifically in cancer cells. The enhanced drug delivery towards cancer cells in vitro demonstrates the potential of this platform for selective treatments without the addition of targeting ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Arno
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Joshua D Simpson
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Lewis D Blackman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ruairí P Brannigan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Kristofer J Thurecht
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew P Dove
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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2
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Hayashida O, Tanaka Y, Miyazaki T. Synthesis and Guest-Binding Properties of pH/Reduction Dual-Responsive Cyclophane Dimer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113097. [PMID: 34067275 PMCID: PMC8196905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A water-soluble cyclophane dimer having two disulfide groups as a reduction-responsive cleavable bond as well as several acidic and basic functional groups as a pH-responsive ionizable group 1 was successfully synthesized. It was found that 1 showed pH-dependent guest-binding behavior. That is, 1 strongly bound an anionic guest, 6-p-toluidinonaphthalene-2-sulfonate (TNS) with binding constant (K/M−1) for 1:1 host-guest complexes of 9.6 × 104 M−1 at pH 3.8, which was larger than those at pH 7.4 and 10.7 (6.0 × 104 and 2.4 × 104 M−1, respectively), indicating a favorable electrostatic interaction between anionic guest and net cationic 1. What is more, release of the entrapped guest molecules by 1 was easily controlled by pH stimulus. Large favorable enthalpies (ΔH) for formation of host-guest complexes were obtained under the pH conditions employed, suggesting that electrostatic interaction between anionic TNS and 1 was the most important driving force for host-guest complexation. Such contributions of ΔH for formation of host-guest complexes decreased along with increased pH values from acidic to basic solutions. Upon addition of dithiothreitol (DTT) as a reducing reagent to an aqueous PBS buffer (pH 7.4) containing 1 and TNS, the fluorescence intensity originating from the bound guest molecules decreased gradually. A treatment of 1 with DTT gave 2, having less guest-binding affinity by the cleavage of disulfide bonds of 1. Consequently, almost all entrapped guest molecules by 1 were released from the host. Moreover, such reduction-responsive cleavage of 1 and release of bound guest molecules was performed more rapidly in aqueous buffer at pH 10.7.
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3
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Dattler D, Fuks G, Heiser J, Moulin E, Perrot A, Yao X, Giuseppone N. Design of Collective Motions from Synthetic Molecular Switches, Rotors, and Motors. Chem Rev 2019; 120:310-433. [PMID: 31869214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Precise control over molecular movement is of fundamental and practical importance in physics, biology, and chemistry. At nanoscale, the peculiar functioning principles and the synthesis of individual molecular actuators and machines has been the subject of intense investigations and debates over the past 60 years. In this review, we focus on the design of collective motions that are achieved by integrating, in space and time, several or many of these individual mechanical units together. In particular, we provide an in-depth look at the intermolecular couplings used to physically connect a number of artificial mechanically active molecular units such as photochromic molecular switches, nanomachines based on mechanical bonds, molecular rotors, and light-powered rotary motors. We highlight the various functioning principles that can lead to their collective motion at various length scales. We also emphasize how their synchronized, or desynchronized, mechanical behavior can lead to emerging functional properties and to their implementation into new active devices and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Dattler
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Gad Fuks
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Joakim Heiser
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Emilie Moulin
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Alexis Perrot
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Xuyang Yao
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
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4
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Ghazvini HJ, Armaghan M, Janiak C, Balalaie S, Müller TJJ. Coupling‐Isomerization‐Cycloisomerization Reaction (CICIR) – An Unexpected and Efficient Domino Approach to Luminescent 2‐(Hydroxymethylene)indenones. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helya Janatian Ghazvini
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekular Chemie Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center K. N. Toosi University of Technology P. O. Box 15875‐4416 Tehran Iran
| | - Mahsa Armaghan
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center K. N. Toosi University of Technology P. O. Box 15875‐4416 Tehran Iran
| | - Thomas J. J. Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekular Chemie Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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5
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Hakkou K, Molina-Pinilla I, Rangel-Núñez C, Suárez-Cruz A, Pajuelo E, Bueno-Martínez M. Synthesis of novel (bio) degradable linear azo polymers conjugated with olsalazine. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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6
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Mao BH, EL-Mahdy AFM, Kuo SW. Bio-inspired multiple complementary hydrogen bonds enhance the miscibility of conjugated polymers blended with polystyrene derivatives. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1875-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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7
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Martinez-Felipe A, Brebner F, Zaton D, Concellon A, Ahmadi S, Piñol M, Oriol L. Molecular Recognition via Hydrogen Bonding in Supramolecular Complexes: A Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Molecules 2018; 23:E2278. [PMID: 30200584 PMCID: PMC6225378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We assess the assembly of supramolecular complexes by hydrogen bonding between azocompounds and a diacylaminopyridine monomer by temperature-dependent Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The electronic delocalisation in the supramolecular rings formed by multiple hydrogen bonds stabilises the complexes, which coexist with dimeric species in temperature-dependent equilibria. We show how the application of readily available molecular modelling and spectroscopic techniques can predict the stability of new supramolecular entities coexisting in equilibria, ultimately assessing the success of molecular recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Martinez-Felipe
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Group, School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, King's College, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK.
| | - Fraser Brebner
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Group, School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, King's College, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK.
| | - Daniel Zaton
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Group, School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, King's College, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, Old Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK.
| | - Alberto Concellon
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragoón (ICMA)-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Sara Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, 74715-117 Firoozabd, Iran.
| | - Milagros Piñol
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragoón (ICMA)-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Luis Oriol
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragoón (ICMA)-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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8
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Self-Assembled Structures of Diblock Copolymer/Homopolymer Blends through Multiple Complementary Hydrogen Bonds. CRYSTALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst8080330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A poly(styrene-b-vinylbenzyl triazolylmethyl methyladenine) (PS-b-PVBA) diblock copolymer and a poly(vinylbenzyl triazolylmethyl methylthymine) (PVBT) homopolymer were prepared through a combination of nitroxide-mediated radical polymerizations and click reactions. Strong multiple hydrogen bonding interactions of the A···T binary pairs occurred in the PVBA/PVBT miscible domain of the PS-b-PVBA/PVPT diblock copolymer/homopolymer blend, as evidenced in Fourier transform infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The self-assembled lamellar structure of the pure PS-b-PVBA diblock copolymer after thermal annealing was transformed to a cylinder structure after blending with PVBT at lower concentrations and then to a disordered micelle or macrophase structure at higher PVBT concentrations, as revealed by small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy.
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9
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Arno MC, Brannigan RP, Policastro GM, Becker ML, Dove AP. pH-Responsive, Functionalizable Spyrocyclic Polycarbonate: A Versatile Platform for Biocompatible Nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3427-3434. [PMID: 29927242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles are widely investigated to enhance the selectivity of therapeutics to targeted sites, as well as to increase circulation lifetime and water solubility of poorly soluble drugs. In contrast to the encapsulation of the cargo into the nanostructures, the conjugation directly to the polymer backbone allows better control on the loading and selective triggered release. In this work we report a simple procedure to create biodegradable polycarbonate graft copolymer nanoparticles via a ring opening polymerization and subsequent postpolymerization modification strategies. The polymer, designed with both pH-responsive acetal linkages and a norbornene group, allows for highly efficient postpolymerization modifications through a range of chemistries to conjugate imaging agents and solubilizing arms to direct self-assembly. To demonstrate the potential of this approach, polycarbonate-based nanoparticles were tested for biocompatibility and their ability to be internalized in A549 and IMR-90 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Arno
- School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham , B15 2TT , United Kingdom
| | - Ruairí P Brannigan
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Andrew P Dove
- School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham , B15 2TT , United Kingdom
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10
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Tian X, Ding J, Zhang B, Qiu F, Zhuang X, Chen Y. Recent Advances in RAFT Polymerization: Novel Initiation Mechanisms and Optoelectronic Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E318. [PMID: 30966354 PMCID: PMC6415088 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) is considered to be one of most famous reversible deactivation radical polymerization protocols. Benefiting from its living or controlled polymerization process, complex polymeric architectures with controlled molecular weight, low dispersity, as well as various functionality have been constructed, which could be applied in wide fields, including materials, biology, and electrology. Under the continuous research improvement, main achievements have focused on the development of new RAFT techniques, containing fancy initiation methods (e.g., photo, metal, enzyme, redox and acid), sulfur-free RAFT system and their applications in many fields. This review summarizes the current advances in major bright spot of novel RAFT techniques as well as their potential applications in the optoelectronic field, especially in the past a few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Junjie Ding
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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11
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Huang CW, Ji WY, Kuo SW. Stimuli-responsive supramolecular conjugated polymer with phototunable surface relief grating. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00439k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A facile method to synthesize azobenzene- and thymine (T)-functionalized conjugated copolymers through Suzuki coupling polymerization and click reactions and used in surface relief gratings displaying long-range-ordered interference patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Huang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung
- Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Ji
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung
- Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung
- Taiwan
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12
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Naskar S, Jana B, Ghosh P. Anion-dependent thermo-responsive supramolecular superstructures of Cu(ii) macrocycles. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:5734-5742. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00683k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A heteroditopic ligand predominantly self-assembled into a dinuclear Cu(ii) macrocycle with various Cu2+ salts. However, each macrocycle is further hierarchically assembled to distinct supramolecular superstructures, where the shape of the morphology is found to be highly dependent on the counter-anions and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourenjit Naskar
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | - Barun Jana
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
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13
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Huang CW, Ji WY, Kuo SW. Water-Soluble Fluorescent Nanoparticles from Supramolecular Amphiphiles Featuring Heterocomplementary Multiple Hydrogen Bonding. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Huang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic
Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Ji
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic
Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic
Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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14
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Huang CW, Mohamed MG, Zhu CY, Kuo SW. Functional Supramolecular Polypeptides Involving π–π Stacking and Strong Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions: A Conformation Study toward Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Dispersion. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Huang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Zhu
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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15
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Mohamed MG, Tu JH, Huang SH, Chiang YW, Kuo SW. Hydrogen bonding interactions affect the hierarchical self-assembly and secondary structures of comb-like polypeptide supramolecular complexes displaying photoresponsive behavior. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07907e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hierarchical lamellae-within-lamellae structure for the PTyr/AzoPy-C16 supramolecular complex, featuring long-range-ordered lamellae arising from the PTyr within lamellae arising from AzoPy-C16 units oriented in a perpendicular manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science
- Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung
- Taiwan
| | - Jia-Huei Tu
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science
- Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung
- Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Huang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science
- Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung
- Taiwan
| | - Yeo-Wan Chiang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science
- Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung
- Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science
- Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung
- Taiwan
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