1
|
Khan A. Cleavable azobenzene linkers for the design of stimuli-responsive materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6591-6602. [PMID: 38872512 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02311k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The azo linkage (NN) is one of the very few functional groups in organic chemistry that exhibits sensitivity towards thermal, chemical, photochemical, and biological stimuli. Consequently, this property has given rise to a distinct class of responsive materials. For example, thermal sensitivity has led to generation of free radical initiators useful in curing and polymerization applications. Chemically-induced cleavage has aided the development of self-immolative polymers and reactive scaffolds for proteomics applications. Photo-isomerization capability has given rise to photo-responsive systems. Azobenzene cleavage in biologically reducing environments, such as that of the colon, and under tumor hypoxia conditions has led to diagnostic, therapeutic, and delivery materials. Such conditions have also allowed for control over formation (assembly) and disruption (disassembly) of micellar nanoparticles. The aim of this review article is to look beyond the prevalent photosensitivity aspect of the aromatic azo compounds and draw attention to the azo scission reaction as a trigger of the change in the structure and properties of organic materials. Thus, the main discussion begins with the mechanism of the reductive cleavage. Then, its application in the design of molecules that can be activated as drugs and fluorescent sensors, (nano)materials with potential to release active substances, and polymers with side-chain and main-chain self-immolative capacity is discussed. Finally, the status and future challenges in this field are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anzar Khan
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies - INCDTIM, 67-103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hamelmann NM, Paulusse JMJ. Single-chain polymer nanoparticles in biomedical applications. J Control Release 2023; 356:26-42. [PMID: 36804328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Single-chain polymer nanoparticles (SCNPs) are a well-defined and uniquely sized class of polymer nanoparticles. The advances in polymer science over the past decades have enabled the development of a variety of intramolecular crosslinking systems, leading to particles in the 5-20 nm size regime. Which is aligned with the size regime of proteins and therefore making SCNPs an interesting class of NPs for biomedical applications. The high modularity of SCNP design and the ease of their functionalization have led to growing research interest. In this review, we describe different crosslinking systems, as well as the preparation of functional SCNPs and the variety of biomedical applications that have been explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi M Hamelmann
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jos M J Paulusse
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
A Direct Method for the Efficient Synthesis of Hydroxyalkyl-Containing Azoxybenzenes. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaction of nitrobenzyl alcohol with glucose (200 mol%) in the presence of NaOH in water-ethanol medium gave 1,2-bis(4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)diazene oxide, 1,2-bis(2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)diazene oxide and 1,2-bis(4-(1-hydroxyethyl)phenyl)diazene oxide in 76%, 76% and 72% yields, respectively.
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu S, Yan J, Zhang Q, Yan Y. Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET) as Powerful Tool for Functional Polymers with Versatile Architectures. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
5
|
Suárez-Cruz A, Molina-Pinilla I, Hakkou K, Rangel-Núñez C, Bueno-Martínez M. Novel poly(azoamide triazole)s containing twin azobenzene units in the backbone. Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro degradation studies. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
6
|
Song W, Qu X, Li Y, Li J, Wang C, Ding L. Azobenzene-containing Alternating and Random Metathesis Copolymers toward Gaining More Insight into Photoisomerization Properties. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Department of Polymer and Composite Material, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Xiaotian Qu
- Department of Polymer and Composite Material, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Yadi Li
- Department of Polymer and Composite Material, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Polymer and Composite Material, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Chengshuang Wang
- Department of Polymer and Composite Material, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Department of Polymer and Composite Material, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Soars S, Kamps J, Fairbanks B, Bowman C. Stimuli‐Responsive Depolymerization of Poly(Phthalaldehyde) Copolymers and Networks. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shafer Soars
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado‐ Boulder Boulder CO 80303 USA
| | - Joshua Kamps
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado‐ Boulder Boulder CO 80303 USA
| | - Benjamin Fairbanks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado‐Boulder Boulder CO 80303 USA
| | - Christopher Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado‐Boulder Boulder CO 80303 USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
The development of degradable polymers has commanded significant attention over the past half century. Approaches have predominantly relied on ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters (e.g., lactones, lactides) and N-carboxyanhydrides, as well as radical ring-opening polymerizations of cyclic ketene acetals. In recent years, there has been a significant effort applied to expand the family of degradable polymers accessible via olefin metathesis polymerization. Given the excellent functional group tolerance of olefin metathesis polymerization reactions generally, a broad range of conceivable degradable moieties can be incorporated into appropriate monomers and thus into polymer backbones. This approach has proven particularly versatile in synthesizing a broad spectrum of degradable polymers including poly(ester), poly(amino acid), poly(acetal), poly(carbonate), poly(phosphoester), poly(phosphoramidate), poly(enol ether), poly(azobenzene), poly(disulfide), poly(sulfonate ester), poly(silyl ether), and poly(oxazinone) among others. In this review, we will highlight the main olefin metathesis polymerization strategies that have been used to access degradable polymers, including (i) acyclic diene metathesis polymerization, (ii) entropy-driven and (iii) enthalpy-driven ring-opening metathesis polymerization, as well as (iv) cascade enyne metathesis polymerization. In addition, the livingness or control of polymerization reactions via different strategies are highlighted and compared. Potential applications, challenges and future perspectives of this new library of degradable polyolefins are discussed. It is clear from recent and accelerating developments in this field that olefin metathesis polymerization represents a powerful synthetic tool towards degradable polymers with novel structures and properties inaccessible by other polymerization approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for
Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yifei Liang
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for
Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Matthew P. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for
Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for
Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Chemistry of Life
Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Geiselhart
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe 76128, Germany
| | - Wenwen Xue
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe 76128, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe 76128, Germany
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Hatice Mutlu
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe 76128, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rizzo A, Peterson GI, Bhaumik A, Kang C, Choi T. Sugar‐Based Polymers from
d
‐Xylose: Living Cascade Polymerization, Tunable Degradation, and Small Molecule Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rizzo
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Gregory I. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Atanu Bhaumik
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Kang
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae‐Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rizzo A, Peterson GI, Bhaumik A, Kang C, Choi TL. Sugar-Based Polymers from d-Xylose: Living Cascade Polymerization, Tunable Degradation, and Small Molecule Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:849-855. [PMID: 33067845 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Enyne monomers derived from D-xylose underwent living cascade polymerizations to prepare new polymers with a ring-opened sugar and degradable linkage incorporated into every repeat unit of the backbone. Polymerizations were well-controlled and had living character, which enabled the preparation of high molecular weight polymers with narrow molecular weight dispersity values and a block copolymer. By tuning the type of acid-sensitive linkage (hemi-aminal ether, acetal, or ether functional groups), we could change the degradation profile of the polymer and the identity of the resulting degradation products. For instance, the large difference in degradation rates between hemi-aminal ether and ether-based polymers enabled the sequential degradation of a block copolymer. Furthermore, we exploited the generation of furan-based degradation products, from an acetal-based polymer, to achieve the release of covalently bound reporter molecules upon degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rizzo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gregory I Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Atanu Bhaumik
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Synthesis of azobenzenes with high reactivity towards reductive cleavage: Enhancing the repertoire of hypersensitive azobenzenes and examining their dissociation behavior. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
13
|
Roberts DA, Pilgrim BS, Dell TN, Stevens MM. Dynamic pH responsivity of triazole-based self-immolative linkers. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3713-3718. [PMID: 34094059 PMCID: PMC8152797 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00532k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gating the release of chemical payloads in response to transient signals is an important feature of ‘smart’ delivery systems. Herein, we report a triazole-based self-immolative linker that can be reversibly paused or slowed and restarted throughout its elimination cascade in response to pH changes in both organic and organic-aqueous solvents. The linker is conveniently prepared using the alkyne–azide cycloaddition reaction, which introduces a 1,4-triazole ring that expresses a pH-sensitive intermediate during its elimination sequence. Using a series of model compounds, we demonstrate that this intermediate can be switched between active and dormant states depending on the presence of acid or base, cleanly gating the release of payload in response to a fluctuating external stimulus. Triazole-based self-immolative linkers can be reversibly paused and restarted throughout their elimination cascades in response to environmental pH changes.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derrick A Roberts
- Key Center for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia .,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ben S Pilgrim
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Tristan N Dell
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet 171 77 Stockholm Sweden.,Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Eom T, Khan A. Hypersensitive azobenzenes: facile synthesis of clickable and cleavable azo linkers with tunable and high reducibility. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:420-424. [PMID: 31904038 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02515d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to show that by increasing the number of donor substituents in a donor/acceptor system, the sensitivity of the azobenzene linkage towards a reductive cleavage reaction can be enhanced to unprecedented high levels. For instance, in a triple-donor system, less than a second constitutes the half-life of the azo (N[double bond, length as m-dash]N) bond. Synthetic access to such redox active scaffolds is highly practical and requires only 1-2 synthetic steps. The fundamental molecular design is also adaptable. This is demonstrated through scaffold functionalization by azide, tetraethylene glycol, and biotin groups. The availability of the azide group is shown in a copper-free 'click' reaction suitable in context with protein conjugation and proteomics application. Finally, the clean nature of the scission process is demonstrated with the help of liquid chromatography coupled with mass analysis. This work, therefore, describes development of cleavable azobenzene linkers that can be accessed with synthetic ease, can be multiply functionalized, and show a clean and rapid response to mild reducing conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taejun Eom
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang R, Wang Y, Luo W, Jin Y, Zhang Z, Wu C, Hadjichristidis N. Carboxylic Acid Initiated Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization of N-Sulfonyl Aziridines: An Easy Access to Well-Controlled Polyaziridine-Based Architectural and Functionalized Polymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruhan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wenyi Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yaocheng Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chuande Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fu L, Sui X, Crolais AE, Gutekunst WR. Modular Approach to Degradable Acetal Polymers Using Cascade Enyne Metathesis Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15726-15730. [PMID: 31487416 PMCID: PMC7265103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A modular synthetic approach to degradable metathesis polymers is presented using acetal-containing enyne monomers. The monomers are prepared in a short and divergent synthetic sequence that features two points of modification to tune polymerization behavior and introduce molecular cargo. Steric and stereochemical elements are critical in the monomer design in order to provide rapid and living polymerizations capable of generating block polymers. The developed polyacetal materials readily undergo pH-dependent degradation in aqueous mixtures, and the rate of hydrolysis can be tuned through post-polymerization modification with triazolinedione click chemistry. This presents a new scaffold for responsive metathesis polymers that may find use in applications that requires controllable breakdown and release of small molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangbing Fu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Xuelin Sui
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Alex E. Crolais
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Will R. Gutekunst
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fu L, Sui X, Crolais AE, Gutekunst WR. Modular Approach to Degradable Acetal Polymers Using Cascade Enyne Metathesis Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangbing Fu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology 901 Atlantic Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Xuelin Sui
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology 901 Atlantic Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Alex E. Crolais
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology 901 Atlantic Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Will R. Gutekunst
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology 901 Atlantic Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang L, Guo L, Shan X, Lin X, Gu T, Zhang J, Ge J, Li W, Ge H, Jiang Q, Ning X. An elegant nitroreductase responsive fluorescent probe for selective detection of pathogenic Listeria in vitro and in vivo. Talanta 2019; 198:472-479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
19
|
Miller KA, Morado EG, Samanta SR, Walker BA, Nelson AZ, Sen S, Tran DT, Whitaker DJ, Ewoldt RH, Braun PV, Zimmerman SC. Acid-Triggered, Acid-Generating, and Self-Amplifying Degradable Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2838-2842. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
20
|
Eom T, Yoo W, Kim S, Khan A. Biologically activatable azobenzene polymers targeted at drug delivery and imaging applications. Biomaterials 2018; 185:333-347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
21
|
Sarkar S, Sarkar P, Ghosh P. Selective Single-Step Oxidation of Amine to Cross-Azo Compounds with an Unhampered Primary Benzyl Alcohol Functionality. Org Lett 2018; 20:6725-6729. [PMID: 30350675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This is the first report of a single-step synthesis of primary benzyl alcohol containing different cross-azo compounds (14 examples) by Cu(II) in the presence of a newly synthesized amino-ether heteroditopic macrobicycle cage. Interestingly, even with extreme conditions, the benzyl alcohol remains unoxidized by the Cu(II) catalyst due to the protective etherial pocket of the cage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road , Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Piyali Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road , Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road , Kolkata 700032 , India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Iturmendi A, Theis S, Maderegger D, Monkowius U, Teasdale I. Coumarin-Caged Polyphosphazenes with a Visible-Light Driven On-Demand Degradation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800377. [PMID: 30048024 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polymers that, upon photochemical activation with visible light, undergo rapid degradation to small molecules are described. Through functionalization of a polyphosphazene backbone with pendant coumarin groups sensitive to light, polymers which are stable in the dark could be prepared. Upon irradiation, cleavage of the coumarin moieties exposes carboxylic acid moieties along the polymer backbone. The subsequent macromolecular photoacid is found to catalyze the rapid hydrolytic degradation of the polyphosphazene backbone. Water-soluble and non-water-soluble polymers are reported, which due to their sensitivity toward light in the visible region could be significant as photocleavable materials in biological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aitziber Iturmendi
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69,, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Sabrina Theis
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69,, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Dominik Maderegger
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69,, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Uwe Monkowius
- Linz School of Education, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69,, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69,, 4040, Linz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rabiee Kenaree A, Gillies ER. Controlled Polymerization of Ethyl Glyoxylate Using Alkyllithium and Alkoxide Initiators. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Rabiee Kenaree
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hurrle S, Goldmann AS, Gliemann H, Mutlu H, Barner-Kowollik C. Light-Induced Step-Growth Polymerization of AB-Type Photo-Monomers at Ambient Temperature. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:201-207. [PMID: 35610893 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We introduce two AB-type monomers able to undergo a facile catalyst-free photoinduced polycycloaddition of photocaged dienes, enabling rapid Diels-Alder ligations under UV-irradiation (λmax = 350 nm) at ambient temperature, closely adhering to Carother's equation established by a careful kinetic study (17800 g mol-1 < Mw < 24700 g mol-1). The resulting macromolecules were in-depth analyzed via size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Additionally, SEC hyphenated to high resolution-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) enabled the careful mapping of the end group structure of the generated polymers. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both monomer systems can be readily copolymerized. The study thus demonstrates that Diels-Alder ligation resting upon photocaged dienes is a powerful tool for accessing step-growth polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Hurrle
- Macromolecular
Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anja S. Goldmann
- School
of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
- Macromolecular
Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institut
für Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hatice Mutlu
- School
of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
- Soft
Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School
of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
- Macromolecular
Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Soft
Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2016. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
26
|
Steinkoenig J, Zieger MM, Mutlu H, Barner-Kowollik C. Dual-Gated Chain Shattering Based on Light Responsive Benzophenones and Thermally Responsive Diels–Alder Linkages. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Steinkoenig
- School
of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St., Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Macromolecular
Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für
Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Markus M. Zieger
- Macromolecular
Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für
Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hatice Mutlu
- Macromolecular
Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für
Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School
of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St., Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Macromolecular
Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für
Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang J, Wu B, Li S, He Y. NIR light and enzyme dual stimuli-responsive amphiphilic diblock copolymer assemblies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jilei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE); Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE); Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
| | - Shang Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE); Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
| | - Yaning He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE); Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Iturmendi A, Monkowius U, Teasdale I. Oxidation Responsive Polymers with a Triggered Degradation via Arylboronate Self-Immolative Motifs on a Polyphosphazene Backbone. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:150-154. [PMID: 28251035 PMCID: PMC5322476 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation responsive polymers with triggered degradation pathways have been prepared via attachment of self-immolative moieties onto a hydrolytically unstable polyphosphazene backbone. After controlled main-chain growth, postpolymerization functionalization allows the preparation of hydrolytically stable poly(organo)phosphazenes decorated with a phenylboronic ester caging group. In oxidative environments, triggered cleavage of the caging group is followed by self-immolation, exposing the unstable glycine-substituted polyphosphazene which subsequently undergoes to backbone degradation to low-molecular weight molecules. As well as giving mechanistic insights, detailed GPC and 1H and 31P NMR analysis reveal the polymers to be stable in aqueous solutions, but show a selective, fast degradation upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide containing solutions. Since the post-polymerization functionalization route allows simple access to polymer backbones with a broad range of molecular weights, the approach of using the inorganic backbone as a platform significantly expands the toolbox of polymers capable of stimuli-responsive degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aitziber Iturmendi
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Uwe Monkowius
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Offenloch JT, Willenbacher J, Tzvetkova P, Heiler C, Mutlu H, Barner-Kowollik C. Degradable fluorescent single-chain nanoparticles based on metathesis polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:775-778. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08554g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We introduce the facile synthesis of fluorescent single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) based on chain-shattering acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymers featuring self-immolative azobenzene motifs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janin T. Offenloch
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Johannes Willenbacher
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Pavleta Tzvetkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Institute for Biological Interfaces 4 – Magnetic Resonance
- Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Carolin Heiler
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Hatice Mutlu
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Enzyme responsive self-assembled amphiphilic diblock copolymer synthesized by the combination of NMP and macromolecular azo coupling reaction. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
31
|
Lu J, Zhou F, Li L, Zhang Z, Meng F, Zhou N, Zhu X. Novel cyclic azobenzene-containing vesicles: photo/reductant responsiveness and potential applications in colon disease treatment. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12751g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The vesicles formed by an amphiphilic copolymer with cyclic azobenzene pendants revealed higher drug loading content and better photo/reductant responsiveness than an analogue of the amphiphilic copolymer with linear azobenzene units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Lu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Feng Zhou
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Lishan Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Fenghua Meng
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Nianchen Zhou
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| |
Collapse
|