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Li Z, Chen L, Rong D, Yuan L, Xie Y. Photochemical acridone-mediated direct arylation of (hetero)arenes with aryl diazonium salts. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8739-8743. [PMID: 37872813 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01389h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free photochemical C-H direct arylation using acridone as a photoredox catalyst to facilitate the reaction is described. Diazonium salts as precursors for aryl radicals, demonstrated by a fluorescence quenching experiment and free radical trapping experiment, allow the functionalization of (hetero)arenes under mild conditions. A series of valuable substituted biaryl and aryl-heteroaryl compounds were prepared in moderate to good yields via the coupling. Moreover, this methodology is shown to be applicable to scale-up synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chao Wang Road 18, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Lijun Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chao Wang Road 18, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Dayou Rong
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chao Wang Road 18, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Longfeng Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chao Wang Road 18, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chao Wang Road 18, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
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2
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Li HH, Li S, Cheng JK, Xiang SH, Tan B. Direct arylation of N-heterocycles enabled by photoredox catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4392-4395. [PMID: 35297913 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01212j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterobiaryls are common skeletons found in biological molecules, pharmaceuticals and ligands. Herein, we document an efficient and redox-neutral photocatalytic system to obtain functionalized N-heterobiaryls under mild conditions. Substrates bearing variegated functional groups are compatible with the developed photocatalytic conditions. This method is translatable to gram-scale synthesis, with a photocatalyst loading as low as 0.1 mol% and minimal variation of the yield. The starting materials are commercially available, demonstrating the practicality and accessibility of this methodology. Interestingly, phenols can serve both as coupling partners and proton donors. Arenes without a phenolic hydroxyl group also underwent efficient coupling with HFIP as a solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China. .,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shaoyu Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jun Kee Cheng
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shao-Hua Xiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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3
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Grover J, Prakash G, Goswami N, Maiti D. Traditional and sustainable approaches for the construction of C–C bonds by harnessing C–H arylation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1085. [PMID: 35228555 PMCID: PMC8885660 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biaryl scaffolds are found in natural products and drug molecules and exhibit a wide range of biological activities. In past decade, the transition metal-catalyzed C–H arylation reaction came out as an effective tool for the construction of biaryl motifs. However, traditional transition metal-catalyzed C–H arylation reactions have limitations like harsh reaction conditions, narrow substrate scope, use of additives etc. and therefore encouraged synthetic chemists to look for alternate greener approaches. This review aims to draw a general overview on C–H bond arylation reactions for the formation of C–C bonds with the aid of different methodologies, majorly highlighting on greener and sustainable approaches. Transition-metal-catalyzed C–H arylations are an effective tool for the construction of biaryl motifs in an efficient and selective manner. Here the authors provide an overview of the state-of-the-art of the field and perspectives on emerging directions toward increased sustainability.
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4
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Rana P, Kaushik B, Gaur R, Dutta S, Yadav S, Rana P, Solanki K, Arora B, Biradar AV, Gawande MB, Sharma RK. An Earth-abundant cobalt based photocatalyst: visible light induced direct (het)arene C-H arylation and CO 2 capture. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2452-2463. [PMID: 35048925 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03625d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we have reported a noble metal free heterogeneous photocatalyst to carry out direct (het)arene C-H arylation and solvent-free CO2 capture via single-electron transfer processes at room temperature and under pressure. The catalytic system comprises a cobalt(III) complex grafted over the silica coated magnetic support for the efficient recovery of the photocatalytic moiety without hampering its light-harvesting capability. The novel Earth-abundant cobalt(III) based photocatalyst possesses various fascinating properties such as high surface area to volume ratios, large pore volume, crystalline behaviour, high metal loading, excellent stability and reusability. The general efficacy of the highly abundant and low-cost cobalt based heterogeneous nanocatalyst was checked for the selective conversion of aryldiazonium salts into synthetically and pharmaceutically significant biaryl motifs under ambient conditions upon irradiation with visible light. The highly efficient photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to a value-added chemical was accomplished under mild reaction conditions with high selectivity, showing the added benefit of operational simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Rana
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Bhawna Kaushik
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Rashmi Gaur
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Sriparna Dutta
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Sneha Yadav
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Pooja Rana
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Kanika Solanki
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Bhavya Arora
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Ankush V Biradar
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Manoj B Gawande
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai-Marathwada Campus, Jalna, 431213, Maharashtra, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India.
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5
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Dey D, Kundu A, Roy M, Pal S, Adhikari D. Aromatization as the driving force for single electron transfer towards C–C cross-coupling reactions. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy02229f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong current interest in C–H functionalization reactions under metal-free conditions. We report herein that the deprotonated form of dihydrophenazine (DPh) as a potent initiator under photochemical conditions...
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6
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Xu L, Lu L, Cai J, Feng Y, Cui X. Construction of Diaminobenzoquinone Imines through Radical Coupling of Aminophenols with Amine under UV-Light. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202110022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Kundu A, Dey D, Pal S, Adhikari D. Pyrazole-Mediated C-H Functionalization of Arene and Heteroarenes for Aryl-(Hetero)aryl Cross-Coupling Reactions. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15665-15673. [PMID: 34699216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein we introduce a transition-metal-free protocol that involves a commercially available, inexpensive pyrazole molecule to conduct C-C cross-coupling reactions at room temperature via a radical pathway. Using this method, an aryldiazonium salt has been coupled to a wide range of arenes and heteroarenes including benzene, mesitylene, thiophene, furan, benzoxazole to result the corresponding biaryl products. The full reaction mechanism is elucidated along with the crystallographic probation of an active initiator species. A potassium-stabilized deprotonated pyrazole steers single-electron transfer to the substrate and behaves as an initiator for the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kundu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Dhananjay Dey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Subhankar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Debashis Adhikari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
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8
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Abstract
The fields of C-H functionalization and photoredox catalysis have garnered enormous interest and utility in the past several decades. Many different scientific disciplines have relied on C-H functionalization and photoredox strategies including natural product synthesis, drug discovery, radiolabeling, bioconjugation, materials, and fine chemical synthesis. In this Review, we highlight the use of photoredox catalysis in C-H functionalization reactions. We separate the review into inorganic/organometallic photoredox catalysts and organic-based photoredox catalytic systems. Further subdivision by reaction class-either sp2 or sp3 C-H functionalization-lends perspective and tactical strategies for use of these methods in synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Holmberg-Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - David A Nicewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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9
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Mo F, Qiu D, Zhang L, Wang J. Recent Development of Aryl Diazonium Chemistry for the Derivatization of Aromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5741-5829. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanyang Mo
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Di Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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10
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Xiao Y, Yang Y, Zhang F, Feng Y, Cui X. UV-Light-Initiated Construction of Indenones through Cyclization of Aryl Aldehydes or Aryl Ketones with Alkynes Avoiding Photocatalyst. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202107021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Antenucci A, Barbero M, Dughera S, Ghigo G. Copper catalysed Gomberg-Bachmann-Hey reactions of arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates and heteroarenediazonium o-benzenedisulfonimides. Synthetic and mechanistic aspects. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Raviola
- PhotoGreen Lab University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 10 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 10 27100 Pavia Italy
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13
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Ai W, Yang Q, Gao Y, Liu X, Liu H, Bai Y. In Situ Laser Scattering Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Its Application in the Mechanism Study of Photoinduced Direct C-H Arylation of Heteroarenes. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11967-11972. [PMID: 32786502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An in situ laser scattering electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LS-ESI-MS) was developed, where the laser scattering was simply achieved through the laser radiation of the "media" modified on the capillary. The laser scattering extended the reaction window and powerfully promoted the reaction yield of the photoinduced organic reaction, which enables the trace intermediates to be efficiently tracked in real time. For instance, the key radical cation in the photoinduced direct C-H arylation of heteroarenes was captured inventively, which provided direct experimental evidence for the verification of the reaction mechanism. Together with the characterization of oxidative photocatalytic Ru(III) intermediate, the integral insight into the process of visible-light-mediated direct C-H arylation of heteroarenes was confirmed. This approach is facile, powerful, and promising in the mechanism study of organic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpeng Ai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qirong Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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14
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Petzold D, Giedyk M, Chatterjee A, König B. A Retrosynthetic Approach for Photocatalysis. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Petzold
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Maciej Giedyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01‐224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anamitra Chatterjee
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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15
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Hagui W, Soulé JF. Synthesis of 2-Arylpyridines and 2-Arylbipyridines via Photoredox-Induced Meerwein Arylation with in Situ Diazotization of Anilines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3655-3663. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wided Hagui
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, F-3500 Rennes, France
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16
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Zhang S, Tang Z, Bao W, Li J, Guo B, Huang S, Zhang Y, Rao Y. Perylenequinonoid-catalyzed photoredox activation for the direct arylation of (het)arenes with sunlight. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4364-4369. [PMID: 30984953 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00659a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring perylenequinonoid pigments (PQPs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their excellent properties of photosensitization. They have been widely investigated as an aspect of photophysics and photobiology. However, their applications in photocatalysis are yet to be explored. We report here that sunlight along with 1 mol% cercosporin, which is one of the perylenequinonoid pigments, catalyzes the direct C-H bond arylation of (het)arenes by a photoredox process with good regioselectivity and broad functional group compatibility. Furthermore, a gram-scale reaction with great conversions of substrates was achieved even by a cercosporin-containing supernatant without organic solvent extraction and purification after liquid fermentation. Thus we set up a bridge between microbial fermentation and organic photocatalysis for chemical reactions in a sustainable, environmentally friendly manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China.
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17
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18
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Bartolomeu ADA, Silva RC, Brocksom TJ, Noël T, de Oliveira KT. Photoarylation of Pyridines Using Aryldiazonium Salts and Visible Light: An EDA Approach. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10459-10471. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aloisio de A. Bartolomeu
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Sustainable Process Engineering, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70 (Helix, STO 1.37), 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo C. Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Timothy J. Brocksom
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Sustainable Process Engineering, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70 (Helix, STO 1.37), 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kleber T. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
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19
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Felpin FX, Sengupta S. Biaryl synthesis with arenediazonium salts: cross-coupling, CH-arylation and annulation reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:1150-1193. [PMID: 30608075 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00453f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The rich legacy of arenediazonium salts in the synthesis of unsymmetrical biaryls, built around the seminal works of Pschorr, Gomberg and Bachmann more than a century ago, continues to make important contributions at various evolutionary stages of modern biaryl synthesis. Based on in-depth mechanistic analysis and design of novel pathways and reaction conditions, the scope of biaryl synthesis with arenediazonium salts has enormously expanded in recent years through applications of transition metal/photoredox-catalysed cross-coupling, thermal/photosensitized radical chain CH-arylation of (hetero)arenes and arylative radical annulation reactions with alkynes. These recent developments have provided facile synthetic access to a wide variety of unsymmetrical biaryls of pharmaceutical, agrochemical and optoelectronic importance with green scale-up options and created opportunities for late-stage modification of peptides, nucleosides, carbon nanotubes and electrodes, the details of which are captured in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Felpin
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France. and Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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20
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Wang CS, Dixneuf PH, Soulé JF. Photoredox Catalysis for Building C-C Bonds from C(sp 2)-H Bonds. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7532-7585. [PMID: 30011194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed C-H bond functionalizations have been the focus of intensive research over the last decades for the formation of C-C bonds from unfunctionalized arenes, heteroarenes, alkenes. These direct transformations provide new approaches in synthesis with high atom- and step-economy compared to the traditional catalytic cross-coupling reactions. However, such methods still suffer from several limitations including functional group tolerance and the lack of regioselectivity. In addition, they often require harsh reaction conditions and some of them need the use of strong oxidant, in a stoichiometric amount, avoiding these processes to be truly eco-friendly. The use of photoredox catalysis has contributed to a significant expansion of the scope of C(sp2)-H bond functionalizations which include the direct arylations, (perfluoro)alkylations, acylations, and even cyanations. Most of these transformations involve the photochemical induced generation of a radical followed by its regioselective addition to arenes, heteroarenes, or alkenes, leading to the building of a new C(sp2)-C bond. The use of photoredox catalysis plays crucial roles in these reactions promoting electron transfer, enabling the generation of radical species and single electron either oxidation or reduction. Such reactions operating at room temperature allow the building of C-C bonds with high chemo-, regio-, or stereoselectivity. This review surveys the formation of C(sp2)-C bonds initiated by photoredox catalysis which involves a C(sp2)-H bond functionalization step, describes the advantages compared to traditional C(sp2)-H bond functionalizations, and presents mechanistic insights into the role played by the photoredox catalysts.
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21
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Michelet B, Deldaele C, Kajouj S, Moucheron C, Evano G. A General Copper Catalyst for Photoredox Transformations of Organic Halides. Org Lett 2017; 19:3576-3579. [PMID: 28598630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A broadly applicable copper catalyst for photoredox transformations of organic halides is reported. Upon visible light irradiation in the presence of catalytic amounts of [(DPEphos)(bcp)Cu]PF6 and an amine, a range of unactivated aryl and alkyl halides were shown to be smoothly activated through a rare Cu(I)/Cu(I)*/Cu(0) catalytic cycle. This complex efficiently catalyzes a series of radical processes, including reductions, cyclizations, and direct arylation of arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Michelet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique and ‡Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christopher Deldaele
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique and ‡Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sofia Kajouj
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique and ‡Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cécile Moucheron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique and ‡Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique and ‡Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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22
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Gauchot V, Sutherland DR, Lee AL. Dual gold and photoredox catalysed C-H activation of arenes for aryl-aryl cross couplings. Chem Sci 2017; 8:2885-2889. [PMID: 28553527 PMCID: PMC5427993 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc05469b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A mild and fully catalytic aryl-aryl cross coupling via gold-catalysed C-H activation has been achieved by merging gold and photoredox catalysis. The procedure is free of stoichiometric oxidants and additives, which were previously required in gold-catalysed C-H activation reactions. Exploiting dual gold and photoredox catalysis confers regioselectivity via the crucial gold-catalysed C-H activation step, which is not present in the unselective photocatalysis-only counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gauchot
- Institute of Chemical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS , Scotland , UK .
| | - D R Sutherland
- Institute of Chemical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS , Scotland , UK .
| | - A-L Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS , Scotland , UK .
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Boubertakh O, Goddard JP. Construction and Functionalization of Heteroarenes by Use of Photoredox Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oualid Boubertakh
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique EA 4566; Université de Haute-Alsace; 3 bis rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Jean-Philippe Goddard
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique EA 4566; Université de Haute-Alsace; 3 bis rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse Cedex France
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Santacroce V, Duboc R, Malacria M, Maestri G, Masson G. Visible-Light, Photoredox-Mediated Oxidative Tandem Nitroso-Diels-Alder Reaction of Arylhydroxylamines with Conjugated Dienes. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Santacroce
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1, av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Parma; 17/A Parco Area delle Scienze 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Raphael Duboc
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1, av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Max Malacria
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1, av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
- IPCM (UMR CNRS 7201); UPMC Sorbonne Universités; 4 place Jussieu, C. 229 75005 Paris France
| | - Giovanni Maestri
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Parma; 17/A Parco Area delle Scienze 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Geraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1, av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
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Crespi S, Protti S, Fagnoni M. Wavelength Selective Generation of Aryl Radicals and Aryl Cations for Metal-Free Photoarylations. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9612-9619. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Crespi
- Department of Chemistry, PhotoGreen Lab, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- Department of Chemistry, PhotoGreen Lab, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- Department of Chemistry, PhotoGreen Lab, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Ravelli D, Protti S, Fagnoni M. Carbon–Carbon Bond Forming Reactions via Photogenerated Intermediates. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9850-913. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 724] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ravelli
- Department
of Chemistry, Photogreen Lab, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli
12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- Department
of Chemistry, Photogreen Lab, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli
12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- Department
of Chemistry, Photogreen Lab, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli
12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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27
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Gurry M, Aldabbagh F. A new era for homolytic aromatic substitution: replacing Bu3SnH with efficient light-induced chain reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3849-62. [PMID: 27056571 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00370b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein is a pertinent review of recent photochemical homolytic aromatic substitution (HAS) literature. Issues with using the reductant Bu3SnH in an oxidative process where the net loss of a hydrogen atom occurs is discussed. Nowadays more efficient light-induced chain reactions are used resulting in HAS becoming a synthetic mechanism of choice rivaling organometallic, transition-metal and electrophilic aromatic substitution protocols. The review includes aromatic substitution as part of a tandem or cascade reaction, Pschorr reaction, as well as HAS facilitated by ipso-substitution, and Smiles rearrangement. Recently visible-light photoredox catalysis, which is carried out at room temperature has become one of the most important means of aromatic substitution. The main photoredox catalysts used are polypyridine complexes of Ru(ii) and Ir(iii), although eosin Y is an alternative allowing metal-free HAS. Other radical initiator-free aromatic substitutions have used 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium ion and N,N-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)perylene-3,4,9,10-bis(dicarboximide) as the photoredox catalyst, UV-light, photoinduced electron-transfer, zwitterionic semiquinone radical anions, and Barton ester intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gurry
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, SW4 NUI, Ireland.
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