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Abdel-Kawy MA, Aboulhoda BE, Michel CG, Sedeek MS, Kirollos FN, Masoud MA. Ameliorating effect of Citrus trifoliata L. fruits extract on motor incoordination, neurodegeneration and oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease model. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:770-782. [PMID: 37658797 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2253026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus trifoliate fruit (also known as Trifoliate orange) is one of the commercially-cultivated Citrus genus of plants belonging to the Rutaceae family. It has been traditionally-utilized in treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. However, the scientific evidence verifying this utilization needs further elucidation. AIM OF THE STUDY Characterization of the bioactive constituents of C. trifoliata L. fruits extract and evaluating its effect on Parkinson's disease (PD) model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were classified into 5 groups; control, PD, PD-treated by L-dopa/Carpidopa and PD-treated by oral Citrus trifoliata L. fruits extract (50 and 100 mg/kg). Deterioration in brain functions was evaluated through an in vivo open field, grid and catalepsy tests. The study also assessed the striatal neurotransmitters, oxidative stress markers and histopathological changes. RESULTS Citrus trifoliata L. fruit extract has revealed motor improvement comparable to L-dopa and carbidopa. It has also effectively-improved oxidative stress via reduction of striatal malondialdehyde & nitric oxide along with replenishment of the striatal glutathione and superoxide dismutase. The extract caused significant reduction of the striatal myeloperoxidase activity and restoration of dopamine, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), and acetylcholinesterase. This effect was further confirmed by amelioration of neuronal apoptosis, microgliosis and peri-neuronal vacuolation. Metabolite profiling revealed 40 constituents, with flavonoids representing the main identified class. CONCLUSION The neuro-protective effect of Citrus trifoliata extract was achieved through the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of its flavonoids, particularly hesperidin and naringin. This neuro-protective effect was evident at the behavioral, histological and neurotransmitter levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Basma Emad Aboulhoda
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Camilia G Michel
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Sedeek
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Farid N Kirollos
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Masoud
- Pharmacology Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
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Xie SS, Liu J, Tang C, Pang C, Li Q, Qin Y, Nong X, Zhang Z, Guo J, Cheng M, Tang W, Liang N, Jiang N. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of rasagiline-clorgyline hybrids as novel dual inhibitors of monoamine oxidase-B and amyloid-β aggregation against Alzheimer’s disease. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 202:112475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abou Baker DH, Ibrahim BMM, Hassan NS, Yousuf AF, Gengaihi SE. Exploiting Citrus aurantium seeds and their secondary metabolites in the management of Alzheimer disease. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:723-729. [PMID: 32551234 PMCID: PMC7289753 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit by-products are considered nature’s golden gift for human health and a good starting point to discover new drugs depending on the fact that they contain millions of bio-active compounds that are responsible for therapeutic activities. In this context, the main goal of this study is to recycle Citrus aurantium (C. aurantium) seeds to produce pharmaceutical molecules to be used in the prevention of the progressive neurological damage associated with Alzheimer disease (AD). Donepezil (0.75 mg/kg), hesperidin (125 and 250 mg/kg) and limonoids (50 and 100 mg/kg) were used for treatment of rats for 2 weeks prior to concomitant administration of AlCl3 for three successive weeks. Protection against cognitive deterioration was observed among study group with insignificant difference from normal control group and significant difference from positive control group in the Y-Maze test. On the other hand, treatment with both doses of hesperidin (125 and 250 mg/kg) and high dose of limonoids only (100 mg/kg) produced improvement in psychological state, observed by significant increase in ambulation frequency in comparison to positive control group, however it was not as frequent as normal group, as it was significantly less than normal group in the open field test. Regarding acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and beta-amyloid (β amyloid) levels, the effect of limonoids low dose was the best as it didn’t have a significant effect when compared to normal control, also hesperidin in both doses showed insignificant effects on β amyloid levels when compared to normal control group. Our results encourage the use of C. aurantium seeds which are wasted in huge amounts, as Alzheimer prophylactic food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha H Abou Baker
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department. National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza. PO 12622, Egypt
| | - Bassant M M Ibrahim
- Pharmacology Department. Medical Research Division. National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, PO 12622, Egypt
| | - Nabila S Hassan
- Pathology Department. Medical Research Division. National Research Centre, Cairo, PO 12622, Egypt
| | - A F Yousuf
- Physiology Department. Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Souad El Gengaihi
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department. National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza. PO 12622, Egypt
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Li ZQ, Jiang LL, Zhao DS, Zhou J, Wang LL, Wu ZT, Zheng X, Shi ZQ, Li P, Li HJ. The Modulatory Role of CYP3A4 in Dictamnine-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1033. [PMID: 30283337 PMCID: PMC6156363 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dictamni Cortex (DC) has been reported to be associated with acute hepatitis in clinic and may lead to a selective sub-chronic hepatotoxicity in rats. Nevertheless, the potent toxic ingredient and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. Dictamnine (DTN), the main alkaloid from DC, possesses a furan ring which was suspected of being responsible for hepatotoxicity via metabolic activation primarily by CYP3A4. Herein, the present study aimed to evaluate the role of CYP3A4 in DTN-induced liver injury. The in vitro results showed that the EC50 values in primary human hepatocytes (PHH), L02, HepG2 and NIH3T3 cells were correlated with the CYP3A4 expression levels in corresponding cells. Furthermore, the toxicity was increased in CYP3A4-induced PHH by rifampicin, and CYP3A4 over-expressed (OE) HepG2 and L02 cells. Contrarily, the cytotoxicity was decreased in CYP3A4-inhibited PHH and CYP3A4 OE HepG2 and L02 cells inhibited by ketoconazole (KTZ). In addition, the hepatotoxicity of DTN in enzyme induction/inhibition mice was further investigated in the aspects of biochemistry, histopathology, and pharmacokinetics. Administration of DTN in combination with KTZ resulted in attenuated liver injury, including lower alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase activities and greater AUC and Cmax of serum DTN, whereas, pretreatment with dexamethasone aggravated the injury. Collectively, our findings illustrated that DTN-induced hepatotoxicity correlated well with the expression of CYP3A4, namely inhibition of CYP3A4 alleviated the toxicity both in vitro and in vivo, and induction aggravated the toxicity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Tian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Qi Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Deng Y, Fu Y, Xu S, Wang P, Yang N, Li C, Yu Q. Detection and Structural Characterization of Nucleophiles Trapped Reactive Metabolites of Limonin Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:3797389. [PMID: 29850372 PMCID: PMC5932435 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3797389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Limonin (LIM), a furan-containing limonoid, is one of the most abundant components of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. Recent studies demonstrated that LIM has great potential for inhibiting the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes. However, the mechanisms of LIM-induced enzyme inactivation processes remain unexplored. The main objective of this study was to identify the reactive metabolites of LIM using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Three nucleophiles, glutathione (GSH), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), and N-acetyl lysine (NAL), were used to trap the reactive metabolites of LIM in in vitro and in vivo models. Two different types of mass spectrometry, a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometry and a LTQ velos Pro ion trap mass spectrometry, were employed to acquire structural information of nucleophile adducts of LIM. In total, six nucleophile adducts of LIM (M1-M6) with their isomers were identified; among them, M1 was a GSH and NAL conjugate of LIM, M2-M4 were glutathione adducts of LIM, M5 was a NAC and NAL conjugate of LIM, and M6 was a NAC adduct of LIM. Additionally, CYP3A4 was found to be the key enzyme responsible for the bioactivation of limonin. This metabolism study largely facilitates the understanding of mechanisms of limonin-induced enzyme inactivation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yudong Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shumin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Nailong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chengqian Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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Williams DE, Fischer CM, Kassai M, Gude L, Fernández MJ, Lorente A, Grant KB. An unlikely DNA cleaving agent: A photo-active trinuclear Cu(II) complex based on hexaazatriphenylene. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 168:55-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Significant limonoids: new isolated limonoids, and recent developments in the total chemical synthesis, and structural modifications of limonoids regarding the bioactivities have been summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- P. R. China
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Liu SB, Chen HQ, Guo ZK, Dong WH, Wang J, Mei WL, Dai HF. Phragmalin-type limonoids from the roots of Trichilia sinensis. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01785e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Twelve new limonoids were isolated from Trichilia sinensis. Some compounds exhibited cytotoxicity and acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Bai Liu
- Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Haikou 571101
| | - Hui-Qin Chen
- Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Haikou 571101
| | - Zhi-Kai Guo
- Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Haikou 571101
| | - Wen-Hua Dong
- Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Haikou 571101
| | - Jun Wang
- Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Haikou 571101
| | - Wen-Li Mei
- Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Haikou 571101
| | - Hao-Fu Dai
- Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Haikou 571101
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Sun JB, Tang BQ, Li Q, Wang B, Liang JY, Chen L. Cytotoxic limonoids from the root bark of Dictamnus angustifolius. Fitoterapia 2016; 115:92-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Feng P, Hu X, Wu X, Dong J, Cai X. Characterization of an epoxide-derived metabolite of dictamnine using high-performance liquid chromatography with hybrid linear trap quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:4858-4865. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinning Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xinrong Hu
- Department of oncology; Nanxi Mountain hospital; Guilin P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Jun Dong
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiuyu Cai
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangzhou P. R. China
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Gualdani R, Cavalluzzi MM, Lentini G, Habtemariam S. The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus Limonoids. Molecules 2016; 21:E1530. [PMID: 27845763 PMCID: PMC6273274 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus limonoids (CLs) are a group of highly oxygenated terpenoid secondary metabolites found mostly in the seeds, fruits and peel tissues of citrus fruits such as lemons, limes, oranges, pumellos, grapefruits, bergamots, and mandarins. Represented by limonin, the aglycones and glycosides of CLs have shown to display numerous pharmacological activities including anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic and insecticidal among others. In this review, the chemistry and pharmacology of CLs are systematically scrutinised through the use of medicinal chemistry tools and structure-activity relationship approach. Synthetic derivatives and other structurally-related limonoids from other sources are include in the analysis. With the focus on literature in the past decade, the chemical classification of CLs, their physico-chemical properties as drugs, their biosynthesis and enzymatic modifications, possible ways of enhancing their biological activities through structural modifications, their ligand efficiency metrics and systematic graphical radar plot analysis to assess their developability as drugs are among those discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Gualdani
- Department of Chemistry "U. Shiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Florence 50019, Italy.
| | - Maria Maddalena Cavalluzzi
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Studies of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona n. 4, Bari 70126, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Lentini
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Studies of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona n. 4, Bari 70126, Italy.
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Charham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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Sun JB, Wang P, Liang JY, Chen L. Phytochemical and chemotaxonomic study on Dictamnus angustifolius G. Don ex Sweet (Rutaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Liu ZW, Huang XJ, Xiao HL, Liu G, Zhang J, Shi L, Jiang RW, Zhang XQ, Ye WC. New iboga-type alkaloids from Ervatamia hainanensis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00185h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The structures and absolute configurations of seven new iboga-type alkaloids 1–7 were determined by spectroscopic data, Mosher's method, single crystal X-ray diffraction and ECD analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Han-Lin Xiao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Guo Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Ren-Wang Jiang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
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Lv M, Xu P, Tian Y, Liang J, Gao Y, Xu F, Zhang Z, Sun J. Medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Dictamnus (Rutaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 171:247-63. [PMID: 26068434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Seven species from the genus Dictamnus are distributed throughout Europe and North Asia and only two species grow in China. One is Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., which could be found in many areas of China and has been recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The other is Dictamnus angustifolius G. Don ex Sweet, which is only present in Xinjiang province and has been used as an alternative for Dictamnus dasycarpus in the local for the treatment of rheumatism, bleeding, itching, jaundice, chronic hepatitis and skin diseases. The present paper reviewed the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of the genus Dictamnus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on the Dictamnus species was collected from classic books about Chinese herbal medicine and globally accepted scientific databases including PubMed, Elsevier, ASC, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, CNKI and others. RESULTS About 170 chemical compounds, which include quinoline alkaloids, limonoids, sesquiterpenes, coumarins, flavonoids and steroids, have been isolated from the genus Dictamnus. The characteristic and active constituents of Dictamnus species are considered to be quinoline alkaloids and limonoids, which exhibited a broad spectrum of biological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-microbe, anti-platelet-aggregation, vascular-relaxation, anti-insect, anti-HIV, anti-allergy and neuroprotection. Moreover, quinoline alkaloids and limonoids could be used as quality control markers to distinguish different species from the genus Dictamnus. However, there were also some reports on the toxic hepatitis and phototoxic effect of Dictamnus species, and the related research needs to be further studied. CONCLUSION In this review, we summarized the chemical constituents, pharmacology, quality control and toxicology of the species from genus Dictamnus. Phytochemical investigations indicated that quinoline alkaloids and limonoids were the major bioactive components with potential cytotoxic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-platelet-aggregation and vascular relaxing activities. These two kinds of compounds have attracted great interests in the past few years and may have great potential to be new drug lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Lv
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jingyu Liang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yiqiao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jianbo Sun
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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