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Wang L, Gan D, Gong L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Guan R, Zeng L, Qu J, Dong M, Wang L. Analysis of the performance of the efficient di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-degrading bacterium Rhodococcus pyridinovorans DNHP-S2 and associated catabolic pathways. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135610. [PMID: 35810862 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of plastic has led to the global occurrence of phthalate esters (PAEs) pollution. PAEs can be effectively removed from polluted environments by microbe-mediated degradation. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has the highest residual concentration in agricultural soil-contaminated areas compared to other PAEs in most of China. The Rhodococcus pyridinovorans DNHP-S2 microbial isolate identified was found to efficiently degrade DEHP. Within a 72 h period, the bacteria were able to degrade 52.47% and 99.75% of 500 mg L-1 DEHP at 10 °C and 35 °C, respectively. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) was first identified as an intermediate metabolite of DEHP, which is different from the previously reported DEHP catabolic pathway. Genomic sequencing of DNHP-S2 identified benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase and catechol 2,3/1,2-dioxygenase as potential mediators of DEHP degradation, consistent with the existence of two downstream metabolic pathways governing DEHP degradation. Three targets DEHP metabolism-related enzymes were found to be DEHP-inducible at the mRNA level, and DNHP-S2 was able to mediate the complete degradation of DEHP at lower temperatures, as confirmed via RT-qPCR. DNHP-S2 was also found to readily break down other PAEs including DMP, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), and n-butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP). Together, these results thus highlight DNHP-S2 as a bacterial strain with great promise as a tool for the remediation of PAE pollution. In addition to providing new germplasm and genetic resources for use in the context of PAE degradation, these results also offer new insight into the potential mechanisms whereby PAEs undergo catabolic degradation, making them well-suited for use in PAE-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Deping Gan
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gong
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingyi Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guan
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zeng
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Maofeng Dong
- Pesticide Safety Evaluation Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beizhai Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
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Sepahvand S, Bahrami M, Fallah N. Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-DNT in simulated wastewater by magnetic CoFe 2O 4/SiO 2/TiO 2 nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:6479-6490. [PMID: 34455559 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Discharge of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) into the environment leads to a serious soil and water sources pollution problem, due to toxicity and possible carcinogenicity of this toxic substance. In this work, the photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-DNT was investigated using CoFe2O4/SiO2/TiO2 nanoparticles. The catalyst features were characterized by using XRD, TEM, EDX, UV-vis DRS, FTIR, and VSM techniques. The influence of different experimental factors on degradation efficiency including pH value, catalyst dosages, and initiate concentration of 2,4-DNT were investigated. Mineralization of the model pollutant was determined using TOC analysis under optimum conditions. A possible mechanism, process kinetic and reusability of magnetic photocatalyst were also performed. In optimum experimental conditions (pH=3, photocatalyst dosage=0.75 g/L, 2,4-DNT=0.025 g/L), degradation efficiency achieved 88.5% within 180-min reaction time with TOC removal of 55.6%. Dominate oxidizing radicals during the degradation of 2,4-DNT by CoFe2O4/SiO2/TiO2 were hydroxyl radicals. The photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-DNT followed first-order rate kinetics. After three successive use cycles, the degradation efficiency was reduced by 64%. Our results revealed that the synthesized CoFe2O4/SiO2/TiO2 photocatalyst was a good choice for degradation of 2,4-DNT, due to proper potential reusability and catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Sepahvand
- Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Bahrami
- Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Fallah
- Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
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Avellaneda H, Arbeli Z, Teran W, Roldan F. Transformation of TNT, 2,4-DNT, and PETN by Raoultella planticola M30b and Rhizobium radiobacter M109 and exploration of the associated enzymes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:190. [PMID: 33247357 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02962-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The nitrated compounds 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) are toxic xenobiotics widely used in various industries. They often coexist as environmental contaminants. The aims of this study were to evaluate the transformation of 100 mg L-1 of TNT, 2,4-DNT, and PETN by Raoultella planticola M30b and Rhizobium radiobacter M109c and identify enzymes that may participate in the transformation. These strains were selected from 34 TNT transforming bacteria. Cupriavidus metallidurans DNT was used as a reference strain for comparison purposes. Strains DNT, M30b and M109c transformed 2,4-DNT (100%), TNT (100, 94.7 and 63.6%, respectively), and PETN (72.7, 69.3 and 90.7%, respectively). However, the presence of TNT negatively affects 2,4-DNT and PETN transformation (inhibition > 40%) in strains DNT and M109c and fully inhibited (100% inhibition) 2,4-DNT transformation in R. planticola M30b.Genomes of R. planticola M30b and R. radiobacter M109c were sequenced to identify genes related with 2,4-DNT, TNT or PETN transformation. None of the tested strains presented DNT oxygenase, which has been previously reported in the transformation of 2,4-DNT. Thus, unidentified novel enzymes in these strains are involved in 2,4-DNT transformation. Genes encoding enzymes homologous to the previously reported TNT and PETN-transforming enzymes were identified in both genomes. R. planticola M30b have homologous genes of PETN reductase and xenobiotic reductase B, while R. radiobacter M109c have homologous genes to GTN reductase and PnrA nitroreductase. The ability of these strains to transform explosive mixtures has a potentially biotechnological application in the bioremediation of contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Avellaneda
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Ziv Arbeli
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Wilson Teran
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Biología de Plantas y Sistemas Productivos, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Fabio Roldan
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.
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Cappelletti M, Presentato A, Piacenza E, Firrincieli A, Turner RJ, Zannoni D. Biotechnology of Rhodococcus for the production of valuable compounds. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8567-8594. [PMID: 32918579 PMCID: PMC7502451 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10861-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to Rhodococcus genus represent ideal candidates for microbial biotechnology applications because of their metabolic versatility, ability to degrade a wide range of organic compounds, and resistance to various stress conditions, such as metal toxicity, desiccation, and high concentration of organic solvents. Rhodococcus spp. strains have also peculiar biosynthetic activities that contribute to their strong persistence in harsh and contaminated environments and provide them a competitive advantage over other microorganisms. This review is focused on the metabolic features of Rhodococcus genus and their potential use in biotechnology strategies for the production of compounds with environmental, industrial, and medical relevance such as biosurfactants, bioflocculants, carotenoids, triacylglycerols, polyhydroxyalkanoate, siderophores, antimicrobials, and metal-based nanostructures. These biosynthetic capacities can also be exploited to obtain high value-added products from low-cost substrates (industrial wastes and contaminants), offering the possibility to efficiently recover valuable resources and providing possible waste disposal solutions. Rhodococcus spp. strains have also recently been pointed out as a source of novel bioactive molecules highlighting the need to extend the knowledge on biosynthetic capacities of members of this genus and their potential utilization in the framework of bioeconomy. KEY POINTS: • Rhodococcus possesses promising biosynthetic and bioconversion capacities. • Rhodococcus bioconversion capacities can provide waste disposal solutions. • Rhodococcus bioproducts have environmental, industrial, and medical relevance. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cappelletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Presentato
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elena Piacenza
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Firrincieli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Raymond J Turner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Calgary University, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Davide Zannoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Okozide OE, Adebusoye SA, Obayori OS. Aerobic degradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene: Effect of raw organic wastes and nitrogen fortification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2020; 49:835-846. [PMID: 33016493 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
2,4-Dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), a principal derivative generated in the synthesis of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, is widely used as a waterproofer, plasticizer, and gelatinizer in propellants and explosives. This compound has been documented as a priority pollutant because of its toxicity. Therefore, its removal from contaminated systems is a major focus of research and environmental attention. The presence of 2,4-DNT bacterial-degrading strains that could utilize 2,4-DNT as growth substrate in polluted sites in Ibadan, Nigeria, was determined using continual enrichment techniques on nitroaromatic mixtures. Proteus sp. strain OSES2 isolated in this study was characterized by phenotypic typing and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Growth of the strain on 2,4-DNT resulted in an exponential increase in biomass and complete substrate utilization within 72 h, accompanied by NO3 - elimination. Degradation competence was enhanced in the presence of corn steep liquor, molasses, and Tween 80 compared with incubation without amendment. Conversely, amendment with nitrogen sources yielded no significant improvement in degradation. Use of these organic wastes as candidates in a bioremediation strategy should be exploited. This would provide a less-expensive organic source supplement for cleanup purposes, with the ultimate aim of reducing the cost of bioremediation while reducing wastes intended for landfill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osekokhune E Okozide
- Dep. of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Univ. of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, 100213, Nigeria
| | - Sunday A Adebusoye
- Dep. of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Univ. of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, 100213, Nigeria
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Zhao HM, Hu RW, Chen XX, Chen XB, Lü H, Li YW, Li H, Mo CH, Cai QY, Wong MH. Biodegradation pathway of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate by a novel Rhodococcus pyridinivorans XB and its bioaugmentation for remediation of DEHP contaminated soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:1121-1131. [PMID: 30021277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel bacterial strain designated as Rhodococcus pyridinivorans XB, capable of utilizing various endocrine disruptor phthalates or phthalic acid (PA) as sole source of carbon and energy, was isolated from activated sludge. Under the optimal culture conditions (pH 7.08, 30.4 °C, inoculum size (OD600 nm) of 0.6) obtained by response surface methodology, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP, 200 mg/L) could be degraded by strain XB with a removal rate of 98% within 48 h. Under the observation of an atomic force microscope, it was confirmed that DEHP did not inhibit the growth of strain XB which might produce some extracellular polymeric substances as a response to DEHP stress, resulting in rapid degradation of DEHP. At initial concentrations of 50-800 mg/L DEHP, its degradation curves were well fitted with the first-order kinetic model, and the half-life of DEHP degradation varied from 5.44 to 23.5 h. The degradation intermediates of DEHP were identified by both GC-MS and high performance liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF-MS). Significant up-regulation was observed for the relative expression levels of genes (i.e., phthalate hydrolase, PA 3,4-dioxygenase, protocatechuate 3,4-α and 3,4-β dioxygenase) involved in DEHP degradation determined by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). A DEHP biodegradation pathway by strain XB was proposed based on the identified intermediates and the degrading genes. Bioaugmentation of DEHP-contaminated soils with strain XB could efficiently promote DEHP removal, offering great potential in bioremediation of DEHP-contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rui-Wen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xue-Xue Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xue-Bin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huixiong Lü
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Ming-Hung Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Kundu D, Hazra C, Chaudhari A. Statistical modeling and optimization of culture conditions by response surface methodology for 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluene biodegradation using Rhodococcus pyridinivorans NT2. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:155. [PMID: 28330227 PMCID: PMC4951380 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve biodegradability (% biodegradation) and specific growth rate of Rhodococcus pyridinivorans NT2, culture medium and environmental parameters were screened and optimized using the statistical design techniques of Plackett-Burman and response surface methodology. Of the process variables screened, DNTs (2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT), MgSO4·7H2O, temperature and inoculum size (O.D.) were selected as the most important (P value <0.05) factors. In multiresponse analysis of central composite design, medium formulation consisting of 474/470 mg l-1 2,4-DNT/2,6-DNT, 0.11 g l-1 MgSO4·7H2O, 37.5 °C temperature and 1.05 OD inoculum size were found to predict maximum % degradation and specific growth rate of 97.55 % and 0.19 h-1, respectively. The validity of the optimized variables was verified in shake flasks. The optimized media significantly shortened the time required for biodegradation of DNTs while providing a nearly 30 % (for 2,4-DNT) and 70 % (for 2,6-DNT) increased biodegradation along with 5.64-fold increase in specific growth rate for both DNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasree Kundu
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, 425 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chinmay Hazra
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, 425 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ambalal Chaudhari
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, 425 001, Maharashtra, India.
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Kundu D, Hazra C, Chaudhari A. Biodegradation of 2,6-dinitrotoluene and plant growth promoting traits by Rhodococcus pyridinivorans NT2: Identification and toxicological analysis of metabolites and proteomic insights. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Nguyen TM, Kim J. Rhodococcus pedocola sp. nov. and Rhodococcus humicola sp. nov., two antibiotic-producing actinomycetes isolated from soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:2362-2369. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Manh Nguyen
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 443-760, Republic of Korea
- Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Quyet Thang commune, Thai Nguyen City, Vietnam
| | - Jaisoo Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 443-760, Republic of Korea
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