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Testa ML, Tummino ML, Venezia AM, Russo M. Interesterification of Glyceryl Trioctanoate Catalyzed by Sulfonic Silica-Based Materials: Insight into the Role of Catalysts on the Reaction Mechanism. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5121. [PMID: 37512395 PMCID: PMC10383590 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the acid-catalyzed interesterification of glyceryl trioctanoate (GTO) with ethyl acetate was investigated as a model reaction for the one-step production of biofuel and its additives. The activity of heterogeneous acid catalysts, such as silica-based propyl-sulfonic ones, was evaluated. Propyl-sulfonic groups were grafted on both amorphous and mesoporous silica oxide (SBA-15, KIT-6) using different functionalization processes and characterized by N2 adsorpion-desorption isotherm (BET), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and potentiometric titration. During the optimization of the reaction conditions with the most active catalyst (Am-Pr-SO3H), it was shown that the addition of ethanol allowed a total conversion of GTO together with 89% and 56% yield of ethyl octanoate and triacetin, respectively. The catalytic performance is strictly correlated to the catalyst features, in terms of both the acid capacity and the porous structure. Moreover, the catalytic performance is also affected by a synergistic mechanism between silanols and Pr-SO3H groups towards the 'silanolysis' of ethyl acetate. The overall results show that the presence of ethanol, the reaction time, and the amount of catalyst shifts the reaction towards the formation of the biofuel mixture composed by ethyl octanoate and triacetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Testa
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN-CNR, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Tummino
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, Italian National Research Council (CNR-STIIMA), Corso G. Pella 16, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Venezia
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN-CNR, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Russo
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN-CNR, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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Tummino ML, Nisticò R, Franzoso F, Bianco Prevot A, Calza P, Laurenti E, Paganini MC, Scalarone D, Magnacca G. The "Lab4treat" Outreach Experience: Preparation of Sustainable Magnetic Nanomaterials for Remediation of Model Wastewater. Molecules 2021; 26:3361. [PMID: 34199539 PMCID: PMC8199662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lab4treat experience has been developed to demonstrate the use of magnetic materials in environmental applications. It was projected in the frame of the European project Mat4Treat, and it was tested several times in front of different audiences ranging from school students to the general public in training and/or divulgation events. The experience lends itself to discuss several aspects of actuality, physics and chemistry, which can be explained by modulating the discussion depth level, in order to meet the interests of younger or more experienced people and expand their knowledge. The topic is relevant, dealing with the recycling of urban waste and water depollution. The paper is placed within the field of water treatment for contaminant removal; therefore, a rich collection of recent (and less recent) papers dealing with magnetic materials and environmental issues is described in the Introduction section. In addition, the paper contains a detailed description of the experiment and a list of the possible topics which can be developed during the activity. The experimental approach makes the comprehension of scientific phenomena effective, and, from this perspective, the paper can be considered to be an example of interactive teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Tummino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.L.T.); (F.F.); (A.B.P.); (P.C.); (E.L.); (M.C.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Roberto Nisticò
- Department of Applied Science and Technology DISAT, Polytechnic of Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Flavia Franzoso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.L.T.); (F.F.); (A.B.P.); (P.C.); (E.L.); (M.C.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Alessandra Bianco Prevot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.L.T.); (F.F.); (A.B.P.); (P.C.); (E.L.); (M.C.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Paola Calza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.L.T.); (F.F.); (A.B.P.); (P.C.); (E.L.); (M.C.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Enzo Laurenti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.L.T.); (F.F.); (A.B.P.); (P.C.); (E.L.); (M.C.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Maria Cristina Paganini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.L.T.); (F.F.); (A.B.P.); (P.C.); (E.L.); (M.C.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Dominique Scalarone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.L.T.); (F.F.); (A.B.P.); (P.C.); (E.L.); (M.C.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Giuliana Magnacca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.L.T.); (F.F.); (A.B.P.); (P.C.); (E.L.); (M.C.P.); (D.S.)
- NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Lignocellulose Biomass as a Multifunctional Tool for Sustainable Catalysis and Chemicals: An Overview. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, the theme of environmental preservation plays an important role within the activities of the scientific community and influences the choices of politics and the common population. In this context, the use of non-fossil substances should be promoted for different reasons: to avoid the depletion and damage of the areas involved in the fossil fuel extraction, decrease the impact of emissions/by-products related to the industrial transformation of fossil-based products and possibly exploit residual biomasses as sources of carbon. This latter aspect also can be viewed as a way to revalorize lignocellulose waste, generally destined to dump as putrescible matter or to be incinerated. In this review, we are aiming to present a concise overview of the multiple functions of lignocellulose biomass in the broad field of catalysis for a sustainable development. The originality of the approach is considering the lignocellulose-derived matter in three different aspects: (i) as a precursor to convert into platform molecules, (ii) as an active material (i.e., humic-like substances as photosensitizers) and (iii) as a green support for catalytic applications. We find that this perspective can widen the awareness level of scientists involved in the catalysis field for the exploitation of residual biomass as a valuable and complementary resource.
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An Easy Synthesis for Preparing Bio-Based Hybrid Adsorbent Useful for Fast Adsorption of Polar Pollutants. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9050731. [PMID: 31083562 PMCID: PMC6566375 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, γ-Al2O3 and Bio-Based Substances (BBS) hybrids (A-BBS) were prepared through a simple electrostatic interaction occurring between alumina, used as a support, and BBS (Bio-Based Substance from composted biowastes) carrying positive and negative charges, respectively. We evaluated the optimal amount of BBS to be immobilized on the support and the stability of the resulting A-BBS in order to use this novel hybrid material as an adsorbent for the removal of polar pollutants. Characterization was carried out by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for evaluating the crystal structure of the support, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to evidence the presence of BBS on the hybrid material, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to measure the thermal stability of the hybrid materials and quantify the BBS amount immobilized on the support, N2 adsorption at 77 K for the evaluation of the surface area and porosity of the systems, Zeta potential measurements to evaluate the effect of BBS immobilization on the surface charge of the particles and choose the substrates possibly interacting with them. Firstly, we tested the adsorption capability of three samples differently coated with BBS toward cationic species considering various adsorbate/adsorbent ratio. Crystal Violet (CV) was chosen as model pollutant to compare the performance of the hybrid materials with those of other materials described in the literature. The adsorption data were modeled by Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Then, we studied the adsorption capability of the developed material towards molecules with different structures; for this purpose, two contaminants of emerging concerns (carbamazepine and atenolol) were tested. The results indicate that A-BBS could be applied in wastewater treatment for the removal of a significant amount of polar species. In addition, a comparison with literature data concerning CV adsorption was carried out in order to evaluate the environmental impact of synthetic routes used to prepare different adsorbents.
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Tummino ML, Testa ML, Malandrino M, Gamberini R, Bianco Prevot A, Magnacca G, Laurenti E. Green Waste-Derived Substances Immobilized on SBA-15 Silica: Surface Properties, Adsorbing and Photosensitizing Activities towards Organic and Inorganic Substrates. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E162. [PMID: 30699919 PMCID: PMC6409592 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Urban wastes are a potential source of environment contamination, especially when they are not properly disposed. Nowadays, researchers are finding innovative solutions for recycling and reusing wastes in order to favour a sustainable development from the viewpoint of circular economy. In this context, the lignin-like fraction of biomass derived from Green Compost is a cost-effective source of soluble Bio-Based Substances (BBS-GC), namely complex macromolecules/supramolecular aggregates characterized by adsorbing and photosensitizing properties. In this work BBS-GC were immobilized on a silica support (SBA-15) and the chemico-physical properties of the resulting hybrid material (BBS-SBA) were analysed by zeta-potential measurements, nitrogen adsorption at 77K and micro-calorimetric techniques. Successively, the BBS-SBA photosensitizing and adsorption abilities were tested. Adsorption in the dark of Rhodamine B and Orange II on BBS-SBA and their degradation upon irradiation under simulated solar light were shown, together with the formation of hydroxyl radicals detected by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy. Furthermore, the adsorption of six inorganic ions (Al, Ni, Mn, As, Hg, Cr) on BBS-SBA was studied in pure water at two different pH values and in a landfill leachate, showing the good potential of this kind of materials in the removal of wastewater contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Tummino
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, I-10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Testa
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via U. La Malfa 153, I-90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Mery Malandrino
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, I-10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Roberta Gamberini
- Acea Pinerolese Industriale S.p.A., Via Vigone 42, I-10064 Pinerolo (TO), Italy.
| | | | - Giuliana Magnacca
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, I-10125 Torino, Italy.
- NIS and INSTM Reference Centre, Via P. Giuria 7, I-10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Enzo Laurenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, I-10125 Torino, Italy.
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Date N, Kondawar SE, Chikate RC, Rode CV. Single-Pot Reductive Rearrangement of Furfural to Cyclopentanone over Silica-Supported Pd Catalysts. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9860-9871. [PMID: 31459114 PMCID: PMC6644560 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Direct one-pot hydrogenation of furfural (FFR) to cyclopentanone (CPO) was investigated over different silica-supported Pd catalysts. Among these, 4% Pd on fumed silica (4%Pd/f-SiO2) showed remarkable results, achieving almost 98% furfural (FFR) conversion with ∼89% selectivity and 87% yield to cyclopentanone at 165 °C and 500 psig H2 pressure. More interestingly, the fumed-silica-supported catalyst tuned the selectivity toward the rearrangement product, i.e., cyclopentanone, whereas all of the other supports were found to give ring hydrogenation as well as side chain hydrogenation products due to their parent Brönsted acidity and specific support properties. X-ray diffraction data revealed the presence of different phases of the face-centered cubic lattice of metallic Pd along with lowest crystallite size of 15.6 nm in the case of the silica-supported Pd catalyst. However, Pd particle size was found to be in the range of 5-13 nm with even dispersion over the silica support, confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis. While studying the effect of reaction parameters, it was observed that lower temperature gave low furfural conversion of 58% with only 51% CPO selectivity. Similarly, higher H2 pressure lowered CPO selectivity with subsequent increase in 2-methyl furan and ring hydrogenation product 2-methyl furan and 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran. Thus, as per the requirement, the product selectivity can be tuned by varying the type of support and/or the reaction parameters suitably. With the help of several control experiments and the characterization data, a plausible reaction pathway was proposed for the selective formation of cyclopentanone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandan
S. Date
- Chemical
Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- M.E.S.
Department of Chemistry, Abasaheb Garware
College of Arts and Science, Karve Road, Pune 411004, India
| | - Sharda E. Kondawar
- Chemical
Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Rajeev C. Chikate
- M.E.S.
Department of Chemistry, Abasaheb Garware
College of Arts and Science, Karve Road, Pune 411004, India
| | - Chandrashekhar V. Rode
- Chemical
Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
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Beejapur HA, La Parola V, Liotta LF, Testa ML. Glycerol Acetylation over Organic-Inorganic Sulfonic or Phosphonic Silica Catalysts. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hazi A. Beejapur
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN)-CNR; via Ugo La Malfa, 153 90146 Palermo Italy
| | - Valeria La Parola
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN)-CNR; via Ugo La Malfa, 153 90146 Palermo Italy
| | - Leonarda F. Liotta
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN)-CNR; via Ugo La Malfa, 153 90146 Palermo Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Testa
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN)-CNR; via Ugo La Malfa, 153 90146 Palermo Italy
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Ucoski GM, Pinto VHA, DeFreitas-Silva G, Rebouças JS, Mazzaro I, Nunes FS, Nakagaki S. Magnetic HMS silica as a Support to Immobilization of Catalysts Based on Cationic Manganese Porphyrins. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geani Maria Ucoski
- Departament of Chemistry; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Curitiba, PR Brazil 81531-980 CP:19081
| | - Victor Hugo Araújo Pinto
- Departament of Chemistry; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Curitiba, PR Brazil 81531-980 CP:19081
- Department of Chemistry; Universidade Federal da Paraíba; João Pessoa, PB Brazil 58051-900 CP:5093
| | - Gilson DeFreitas-Silva
- Department of Chemistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil 31270-901
| | - Júlio Santos Rebouças
- Department of Chemistry; Universidade Federal da Paraíba; João Pessoa, PB Brazil 58051-900 CP:5093
| | - Irineu Mazzaro
- Department of Physics; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Curitiba, PR Brazil 81504-990
| | - Fábio Souza Nunes
- Departament of Chemistry; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Curitiba, PR Brazil 81531-980 CP:19081
| | - Shirley Nakagaki
- Departament of Chemistry; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Curitiba, PR Brazil 81531-980 CP:19081
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Speltini A, Maraschi F, Govoni R, Milanese C, Profumo A, Malavasi L, Sturini M. Facile and fast preparation of low-cost silica-supported graphitic carbon nitride for solid-phase extraction of fluoroquinolone drugs from environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1489:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Oliveira LKD, Molina EF, Moura ALA, de Faria EH, Ciuffi KJ. Synthesis, Characterization, and Environmental Applications of Hybrid Materials Based on Humic Acid Obtained by the Sol-Gel Route. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:1478-1485. [PMID: 26700414 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Humic acids (HAs) are ubiquitous macromolecules in the environment. Due to their high contents of oxygenated functional groups, they can interact with contaminants present in the natural environment and therefore influence the behavior of pollutants. However, a pH of 2 or lower is required to maintain HAs in the solid form. To increase the stability of HAs and their capacity to bind to contaminants, this work proposes the development of new hybrid materials based on alkoxysilanes and HAs for environmental applications such as dye adsorption. Three different materials with new functional groups were prepared by employing the following alkoxysilanes: tetraethyl orthosilicate, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, and N-[3-(trimethoxylsilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine. The final materials were denoted HWA, HOA, and HTA, respectively, and they were characterized by elemental analysis, diffuse reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 gas-volumetric adsorption. The point of zero charge (pzc) and stability of these materials were also determined. Their selectivity was evaluated in adsorption experiments performed with two different charged dyes in aqueous medium, namely anionic rose bengal (RB) and cationic methylene blue (MB). The elemental, DRIFT, SAXS, SEM, and textural analyses confirmed the presence of a combination of the features of HAs and alkoxysilanes. The pzc results showed that the new materials displayed different characteristics and affinities. All the materials were stable in aqueous solution up to pH 10. For MB, the percentage removal values obtained by using HWA, HOA, and HTA were 98, 85, and 67%, respectively. As for RB, the percentage removal values were 19, 18, and 44% for HWA, HOA, and HTA, respectively. These hybrid materials have potential use as adsorbents for the removal of cationic or anionic species and could be viable alternatives to remove various substances present as contaminants in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Ferreira Molina
- Universidade de Franca , Av. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, 14404-600 Franca, São Paulo Brazil
| | - André L A Moura
- Universidade de Franca , Av. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, 14404-600 Franca, São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Katia Jorge Ciuffi
- Universidade de Franca , Av. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, 14404-600 Franca, São Paulo Brazil
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