1
|
Kishi H, Arimura K, Idesaki A, Kakibe T, Matsuda S. Effect of γ‐ray irradiation on epoxy network polymers with different curing agents. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Kishi
- Graduate School of Engineering University of Hyogo Himeji Japan
| | - Ken Arimura
- Graduate School of Engineering University of Hyogo Himeji Japan
| | - Akira Idesaki
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST) Takasaki Japan
| | - Takeshi Kakibe
- Graduate School of Engineering University of Hyogo Himeji Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsuda
- Graduate School of Engineering University of Hyogo Himeji Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rather AH, Khan RS, Wani TU, Beigh MA, Sheikh FA. Overview on immobilization of enzymes on synthetic polymeric nanofibers fabricated by electrospinning. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:9-33. [PMID: 34672360 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The arrangement and type of support has a significant impact on the efficiency of immobilized enzymes. 1-dimensional fibrous materials can be one of the most desirable supports for enzyme immobilization. This is due to their high surface area to volume ratio, internal porosity, ease of handling, and high mechanical stability, all of which allow a higher enzyme loading, release and finally lead to better catalytic efficiency. Fortunately, the enzymes can reside inside individual nanofibers to remain encapsulated and retain their three-dimensional structure. These properties can protect the enzyme's tolerance against harsh conditions such as pH variations and high temperature, and this can probably enhance the enzyme's stability. This review article will discuss the immobilization of enzymes on synthetic polymers, which are fabricated into nanofibers by electrospinning. This technique is rapidly gaining popularity as one of the most practical ways to fibricate polymer, metal oxide, and composite micro or nanofibers. As a result, there is interest in using nanofibers to immobilize enzymes. Furthermore, present research on electrospun nanofibers for enzyme immobilization is primarily limited to the lab scale and industrial scale is still challanging. The primary future research objectives of this paper is to investigate the use of electrospun nanofibers for enzyme immobilization, which includes increasing yield to transfer biological products into commercial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjum Hamid Rather
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rumysa Saleem Khan
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Taha Umair Wani
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mushtaq A Beigh
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Faheem A Sheikh
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Towards Selection Charts for Epoxy Resin, Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Their Fibre-Fabric Composites with Flame Retardants. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14051181. [PMID: 33802309 PMCID: PMC7959149 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins are the most used thermosetting polymers. They are commonly used in electronics, construction, marine, automotive and aircraft industries. Moreover, reinforcing both epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins with carbon or glass fibre in a fabric form has enabled them to be used in high-performance applications. However, their organic nature as any other polymeric materials made them highly flammable materials. Enhancing the flame retardancy performance of thermosetting polymers and their composites can be improved by the addition of flame-retardant materials, but this comes at the expense of their mechanical properties. In this regard, a comprehensive review on the recent research articles that studied the flame retardancy of epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin and their composites were covered. Flame retardancy performance of different flame retardant/polymer systems was evaluated in terms of Flame Retardancy index (FRI) that was calculated based on the data extracted from the cone calorimeter test. Furthermore, flame retardant selection charts that relate between the flame retardancy level with mechanical properties in the aspects of tensile and flexural strength were presented. This review paper is also dedicated to providing the reader with a brief overview on the combustion mechanism of polymeric materials, their flammability behaviour and the commonly used flammability testing techniques and the mechanism of action of flame retardants.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang D, Dong L, Hou X, Zheng W, Xiao J, Xu J, Ma H. Synthesis of bio‐based poly (cyclotriphosphazene‐resveratrol) microspheres acting as both flame retardant and reinforcing agent to epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danqi Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceHebei University Baoding China
| | - Luming Dong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceHebei University Baoding China
| | - Xudong Hou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceHebei University Baoding China
| | - Weikang Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceHebei University Baoding China
| | - Jian Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceHebei University Baoding China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceHebei University Baoding China
| | - Haiyun Ma
- College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceHebei University Baoding China
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province Baoding China
- The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province Baoding China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao W, Li Y, Li Q, Wang Y, Wang G. Investigation of the Structure-Property Effect of Phosphorus-Containing Polysulfone on Decomposition and Flame Retardant Epoxy Resin Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E380. [PMID: 30960364 PMCID: PMC6419410 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The flame retardant modification of epoxy (EP) is of great signification for aerospace, automotive, marine, and energy industries. In this study, a series of EP composites containing different variations of phosphorus-containing polysulfone (with a phosphorus content of approximately 1.25 wt %) were obtained. The obtained EP/polysulfone composites had a high glass transition temperature (Tg) and high flame retardancy. The influence of phosphorus-containing compounds (ArPN₂, ArPO₂, ArOPN₂ and ArOPO₂) on the thermal properties and flame retardancy of EP/polysulfone composites was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), a UL-94 vertical burning test, and cone calorimeter tests. The phosphorus-containing polysulfone enhanced the thermal stability of EP. The more stable porous char layer, less flammable gases, and a lower apparent activation energy at a high degree of conversion demonstrated the high gas inhibition effect of phosphorus-containing compounds. Moreover, the gas inhibition effect of polysulfone with a P⁻C bond was more efficient than the polysulfone with a P⁻O⁻C bond. The potential for optimizing flame retardancy while maintaining a high Tg is highlighted in this study. The flame-retardant EP/polysulfone composites with high thermal stability broaden the application field of epoxy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Yongxiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qiushi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yiliang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Gong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu C, Huang J, Zhu J, Yuan C, Zeng B, Chen G, Xu Y, Dai L. Synthesis of a novel azaphosphorine flame retardant and its application in epoxy resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire-Retardant Materials, College of Materials; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamei Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire-Retardant Materials, College of Materials; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 People's Republic of China
| | - Jihong Zhu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire-Retardant Materials, College of Materials; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 People's Republic of China
| | - Conghui Yuan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire-Retardant Materials, College of Materials; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 People's Republic of China
| | - Birong Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire-Retardant Materials, College of Materials; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 People's Republic of China
| | - Guorong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire-Retardant Materials, College of Materials; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire-Retardant Materials, College of Materials; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 People's Republic of China
| | - Lizong Dai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire-Retardant Materials, College of Materials; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao W, Wang G, Liu J, Ban D, Cheng T, Liu X, Li Y, Huang Y. Synthesis, structure–property and flame retardancy relationships of polyphosphonamide and its application on epoxy resins. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08318a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of polyphosphonamides (PPDA) with heteroatoms and phosphonamide structures are proposed as highly effective flame retardants in epoxy resins (EP).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Gong Wang
- Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jiping Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Daming Ban
- School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Guizhou Normal University
- Guiyang
- China
| | - Tianjin Cheng
- Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yongqing Huang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shandong University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guo Y, Li J, Zhao F, Lan G, Li L, Liu Y, Si Y, Jiang Y, Yang B, Yang R. Palladium-modified functionalized cyclodextrin as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for reduction of nitroarenes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23271f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A kind of palladium-modified functionalized cyclodextrin catalytic system was synthesized and characterized. It showed high activity in the reduction of nitroarenes with the absence of sodium borohydride in water at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Guo
- Faculty of Science
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- P. R. China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
| | - Jiuling Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Fen Zhao
- Faculty of Science
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Guineng Lan
- Faculty of Science
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Faculty of Science
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Faculty of Science
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Yunsen Si
- Faculty of Science
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Yubo Jiang
- Faculty of Science
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Rui Yang
- Faculty of Science
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|