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Jayan JS, Deeraj B, Joseph K, Saritha A. Designed and tailor-made double hydrophilic block copolymer-graphene nanoplatelet hybrids for reinforcing epoxy thermosets. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8812. [PMID: 38627569 PMCID: PMC11021408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Because of their propensity to build micellar nanostructures, amphiphilic block copolymers (ABCs) are an appropriate and unique toughening agent for epoxy systems individually on their own and in grafted form. The presence of epoxiphilic and phobic ends in ABCs is responsible for the self-assembly and the micellar structure. Nanofiller-grafted ABCs can effectively enhance the toughness of epoxy via the synergistic interaction of nanofillers and the ABCs. Even though there is sound literature supporting the effect of ABCs in epoxy, the action of double hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBC) in the epoxy matrix is less handled. Hence, the grafting of nanofillers in DHBCs and their subsequent role in tuning the properties of epoxy is a new concept. Hence this paper tries to bridge the gap via studying the effect of grafted fillers based on DHBCs in epoxy matrix. As a result, the current study focuses on the synthesis of double hydrophilic graphene nanoplatelets (rGO-g-DHBC) via nitrogen oxide-mediated polymerization for epoxy toughening application. The prepared rGO-g-DHBC was effectively utilized for epoxy toughening applications, resulting in a 457% improvement in toughness without compromising its inherent tensile strength. The mechanism behind the improved toughness was elucidated with the help of a scanning electron microscope, and the thermal, and rheological characteristics were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitha S Jayan
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala, India.
| | - Bds Deeraj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Valiyamala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Kuruvilla Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Valiyamala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Appukuttan Saritha
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala, India.
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2
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Poornima Vijayan P, George JS, Thomas S. The Effect of Polymeric Inclusions and Nanofillers on Cure Kinetics of Epoxy Resin: A Review. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x21350145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Kelnar I, Kaprálková L, Krejčíková S, Zhigunov A, Dybal J, Pavlovec L, Janata M. Formation of graphene oxide-based ordered structures in epoxy: effect of grafted polymer chains. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.1876882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kelnar
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kaprálková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Sabina Krejčíková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Zhigunov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dybal
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Pavlovec
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Janata
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, Czech Republic
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4
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Chen CH, Jian JY, Yen FS. Morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties of κ-aluminum oxide/CTBN/epoxy nanocomposites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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5
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Jayan JS, Pal K, Saritha A, Deeraj B, Joseph K. Graphene oxide as multi-functional initiator and effective molecular reinforcement in PVP/epoxy composites. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.129873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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6
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7
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Jayan JS, Saritha A, Deeraj BDS, Joseph K. Graphene Oxide as a Prospective Graft in Polyethylene Glycol for Enhancing the Toughness of Epoxy Nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jitha S Jayan
- Department of ChemistryAmrita School of Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri Kollam Kerala India
| | - Appukuttan Saritha
- Department of ChemistryAmrita School of Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri Kollam Kerala India
| | - Battula Durga Siva Deeraj
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Space Science and Technology Valiamala Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
| | - Kuruvilla Joseph
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Space Science and Technology Valiamala Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
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8
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Kelnar I, Zhigunov A, Kaprálková L, Krejčíková S, Dybal J, Janata M. Nano-modified epoxy: the effect of GO-based complex structures on mechanical performance. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11357-11364. [PMID: 35495337 PMCID: PMC9050425 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00202j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of nanofillers (NFs) in multicomponent polymer systems is accompanied by important structure-directing effects that are more marked in partially miscible systems, such as polymer-modified epoxy. This study deals with rubber-modified epoxy using different combinations of GO and amine-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer (ATBN), including in situ and pre-made grafting. Moreover, GO grafted via planar epoxy groups or solely edge-localized carboxyls was used. It is shown that the grafted ATBN chains promote the assembly of GO-g-ATBN into nacre-mimicking lamellar structures instead of usual exfoliation in thermoplastics. This complex structure of elastically embedded GO leads to the best mechanical performance. It is obvious that a small concentration of the grafted polymer exceeds the contribution of a higher concentration of separately added ATBN. The results highlight the important effect of the degree of grafted chains and geometry of the internal structure of the self-assembled arrays and their effect on the mechanical performance. ATBN-grafted GO forms nacre-mimicking lamellar structures in epoxy; the effect of grafting geometry on the structure/property relationship is highlighted.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kelnar
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Zhigunov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kaprálková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Sabina Krejčíková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dybal
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Janata
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Praha Czech Republic
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9
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Template free one pot synthesis of heteroatom doped porous Carbon Electrodes for High performance symmetric supercapacitor. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Xia Y, He Y, Chen C, Wu Y, Zhong F, Chen J. Co-modification of polydopamine and KH560 on g-C3N4 nanosheets for enhancing the corrosion protection property of waterborne epoxy coating. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Irzhak VI, Dzhardimalieva GI, Uflyand IE. Structure and properties of epoxy polymer nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nanotubes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Bach Q, Vu CM, Vu HT, Vu HB, Van Nguyen T, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Thi TAD, Doan VN. Significant enhancement of fracture toughness and mechanical properties of epoxy resin using CTBN‐grafted epoxidized linseed oil. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quang‐Vu Bach
- Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Environment Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour SafetyTon Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Cuong Manh Vu
- Center for Advanced ChemistryInstitute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University Da Nang Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical‐Physical EngineeringLe Qui Don Technical University, 236 Hoang Quoc Viet Ha Noi Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Vu
- AQP Research and Control Pharmaceuticals Joint Stock Company (AQP Pharma J.S.C) Dong Da Ha Noi Vietnam
| | - Hoa Binh Vu
- Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4) Ghent Belgium
| | - Tuyen Van Nguyen
- Institute of ChemistryVietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18‐Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Soon Wong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and EngineeringKyonggi University Suwon 442‐760 Korea
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy and EngineeringKyonggi University Suwon 442‐760 Korea
| | - Tuyet Anh Dang Thi
- Institute of ChemistryVietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18‐Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Vu Ngoc Doan
- Faculty of Chemical‐Physical EngineeringLe Qui Don Technical University, 236 Hoang Quoc Viet Ha Noi Vietnam
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13
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Yu S, Lee W, Seo B, Lim CS. Synthesis of Benzene Tetracarboxamide Polyamine and Its Effect on Epoxy Resin Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E782. [PMID: 30960707 PMCID: PMC6403838 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resins have found various industrial applications in high-performance thermosetting resins, high-performance composites, electronic-packaging materials, adhesives, protective coatings, etc., due to their outstanding performance, including high toughness, high-temperature performance, chemical and environmental resistance, versatile processability and adhesive properties. However, cured epoxy resins are very brittle, which limits their applications. In this work, we attempted to enhance the toughness of cured epoxy resins by introducing benzene tetracarboxamide polyamine (BTCP), synthesized from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and diamines in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent. During this reaction, increased viscosity and formation of amic acid could be confirmed. The chemical reactions were monitored and evidenced using ¹H-NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, water gel-phase chromatography (GPC) analysis, amine value determination and acid value determination. We also studied the effect of additives on thermomechanical properties using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA), thermomechanical analysis (TMA) and by measuring mechanical properties. The BTCP-containing epoxy resin exhibited high mechanical strength and adhesion strength proportional to the amount of BTCP. Furthermore, field-emission scanning electron microscopy images were obtained for examining the cross-sectional morphology changes of the epoxy resin specimens with varying amounts of BTCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoon Yu
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 45, Jongga-ro, Yugok dong, Jung-gu, Ulsan 44412, Korea.
| | - Wonjoo Lee
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 45, Jongga-ro, Yugok dong, Jung-gu, Ulsan 44412, Korea.
| | - Bongkuk Seo
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 45, Jongga-ro, Yugok dong, Jung-gu, Ulsan 44412, Korea.
| | - Chung-Sun Lim
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 45, Jongga-ro, Yugok dong, Jung-gu, Ulsan 44412, Korea.
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14
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Main structural features of graphene materials controlling the transport properties of epoxy resin-based composites. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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15
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16
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Gao L, Wang J. Thermal, mechanical, and dielectric studies on the DGEBA epoxy blends by using liquid oxidized poly(1,2-butadiene) as a reactive component. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Limei Gao
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jinwei Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 China
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17
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Ren F, Zhou R, Sun F, Ma H, Zhou Z, Xu W. Blocked isocyanate silane modified Al2O3/polyamide 6 thermally conductive and electrical insulation composites with outstanding mechanical properties. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04454b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
When the content of Al2O3 was higher than 50 wt%, the tensile strength of KH-331 modified Al2O3/PA6 composites decreased, but the tensile strength of MEKO blocked isocyanate-propyltriethoxy silane modified Al2O3/PA6 composites increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Haihong Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfa Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Weibing Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
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18
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Parameswaranpillai J, Sidhardhan SK, Jose S, Hameed N, Salim NV, Siengchin S, Pionteck J, Magueresse A, Grohens Y. Miscibility, Phase Morphology, Thermomechanical, Viscoelastic and Surface Properties of Poly(ε-caprolactone) Modified Epoxy Systems: Effect of Curing Agents. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b01713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai
- Department
of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, 682022 Kerala, India
| | - Sisanth Krishnan Sidhardhan
- Department
of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, 682022 Kerala, India
| | - Seno Jose
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College Kottayam, Kottayam, 686013 Kerala, India
| | - Nishar Hameed
- Factory
of the Future, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Nisa V. Salim
- Carbon
Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn
Ponds Campus, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Department
of Materials and Production Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok 1518 Pracharaj 1, Wongsawang Road, Bangsue, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Jürgen Pionteck
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Yves Grohens
- FRE
CNRS 3744, IRDL, Univ. Bretagne Sud, F-56100 Lorient, France
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19
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Konnola R, Joseph K. Effect of side-wall functionalisation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the thermo-mechanical properties of epoxy composites. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00080k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sidewall functionalisation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes using liquid rubber results in enhancement in thermo-mechanical properties of epoxy composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raneesh Konnola
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram-695547
- India
| | - Kuruvilla Joseph
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram-695547
- India
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20
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He R, Zhan X, Zhang Q, Chen F. Toughening of an epoxy thermoset with poly[styrene-alt-(maleic acid)]-block-polystyrene-block-poly(n-butyl acrylate) reactive core–shell particles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05048d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive core–shell particles for epoxy toughening were synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer emulsion polymerization mediated by an amphiphilic macro-RAFT agent followed by core-crosslinking to increase stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren He
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xiaoli Zhan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Fengqiu Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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21
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Yuan J, Zhang LW, Liew KM. Effect of grafted amine groups on in-plane tensile properties and high temperature structural stability of borophene nanoribbons. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14939h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of grafted amine groups on in-plane tensile properties and structural stability of armchair and zigzag borophene nanoribbons (ABNRs and ZBNRs) are investigated by using molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Yuan
- School of Physics and Electronic Science
- Changsha University of Science and Technology
- Changsha 410114
- China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Building
| | - L. W. Zhang
- College of Information Science and Technology
- Shanghai Ocean University
- Shanghai 201306
- China
| | - K. M. Liew
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Building
- Shenzhen
- China
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering
- City University of Hong Kong
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