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Kozłowski S, Osička J, Ilcikova M, Galeziewska M, Mrlik M, Pietrasik J. From Brush to Dendritic Structure: Tool for Tunable Interfacial Compatibility between the Iron-Based Particles and Silicone Oil in Magnetorheological Fluids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:5297-5305. [PMID: 38430189 PMCID: PMC10938888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Comprehensive magnetic particle stability together with compatibility between them and liquid medium (silicone oil) is still a crucial issue in the case of magnetorheological (MR) suspensions to guarantee their overall stability and MR performance. Therefore, this study is aimed at improving the interfacial stability between the carbonyl iron (CI) particles and silicone oil. In this respect, the particles were modified with polymer brushes and dendritic structures of poly(2-(trimethylsilyloxy)ethyl methacrylate) (PHEMATMS), called CI-brushes or CI-dendrites, respectively, and their stability properties (corrosion, thermo-oxidation, and sedimentation) were compared to neat CI ones. Compatibility of the obtained particles and silicone oil was investigated using contact angle and off-state viscosity investigation. Finally, the magneto-responsive capabilities in terms of yield stress and reproducibility of the MR phenomenon were thoroughly investigated. It was found that MR suspensions based on CI-brushes had significantly improved compatibility properties than those of neat CI ones; however, the CI-dendrites-based suspension possessed the best capabilities, while the MR performance was negligibly suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Kozłowski
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Josef Osička
- Centre
of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University
in Zlin, University Institute, Trida T. Bati 5678, 76001Zlin,Czech
Republic
| | - Marketa Ilcikova
- Centre
of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University
in Zlin, University Institute, Trida T. Bati 5678, 76001Zlin,Czech
Republic
- Slovak
Academy of Sciences, Polymer Institute, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department
of Physics and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University, Vavreckova 5669, 76001Zlin,Czech
Republic
| | - Monika Galeziewska
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Miroslav Mrlik
- Centre
of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University
in Zlin, University Institute, Trida T. Bati 5678, 76001Zlin,Czech
Republic
| | - Joanna Pietrasik
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
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Düsenberg B, Groppe P, Müssig S, Schmidt J, Bück A. Magnetizing Polymer Particles with a Solvent-Free Single Stage Process Using Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPION)s. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194178. [PMID: 36236126 PMCID: PMC9570641 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic polymer composites are used in a variety of applications in many industries. Their production methods are usually time-consuming and solvent-intensive as they are performed in liquid phase processes, such as emulsion polymerization or precipitation. In this work, a quick, easy, and solvent-free method is presented to coat polymer particles with a discrete, non-coherent coating of superparamagnetic nanoparticles. The results of the dry coating process are evaluated optically, by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), via powder X-ray diffraction and thermally by means of differential scanning calorimetry, before finally demonstrating the effectiveness of dry coating by means of a vibrating sample magnetometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Düsenberg
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Collaborative Research Center 814—Additive Manufacturing (DFG, German Research Foundation), Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Groppe
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Müssig
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Schmidt
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Collaborative Research Center 814—Additive Manufacturing (DFG, German Research Foundation), Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Bück
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Collaborative Research Center 814—Additive Manufacturing (DFG, German Research Foundation), Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Stable Magnetorheological Fluids Containing Bidisperse Fillers with Compact/Mesoporous Silica Coatings. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911044. [PMID: 36232347 PMCID: PMC9570470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A drawback of magnetorheological fluids is low kinetic stability, which severely limits their practical utilization. This paper describes the suppression of sedimentation through a combination of bidispersal and coating techniques. A magnetic, sub-micro additive was fabricated and sequentially coated with organosilanes. The first layer was represented by compact silica, while the outer layer consisted of mesoporous silica, obtained with the oil–water biphase stratification method. The success of the modification technique was evidenced with transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The coating exceptionally increased the specific surface area, from 47 m2/g (neat particles) up to 312 m2/g, which when combined with lower density, resulted in remarkable improvement in the sedimentation profile. At this expense, the compact/mesoporous silica slightly diminished the magnetization of the particles, while the magnetorheological performance remained at an acceptable level, as evaluated with a modified version of the Cross model. Sedimentation curves were, for the first time in magnetorheology, modelled via a novel five-parameter equation (S-model) that showed a robust fitting capability. The sub-micro additive prevented the primary carbonyl iron particles from aggregation, which was projected into the improved sedimentation behavior (up to a six-fold reduction in the sedimentation rate). Detailed focus was also given to analyze the implications of the sub-micro additives and their surface texture on the overall behavior of the bidisperse magnetorheological fluids.
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Vítková L, Musilová L, Achbergerová E, Kolařík R, Mrlík M, Korpasová K, Mahelová L, Capáková Z, Mráček A. Formulation of Magneto-Responsive Hydrogels from Dually Cross-Linked Polysaccharides: Synthesis, Tuning and Evaluation of Rheological Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179633. [PMID: 36077030 PMCID: PMC9455683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart hydrogels based on natural polymers present an opportunity to fabricate responsive scaffolds that provide an immediate and reversible reaction to a given stimulus. Modulation of mechanical characteristics is especially interesting in myocyte cultivation, and can be achieved by magnetically controlled stiffening. Here, hyaluronan hydrogels with carbonyl iron particles as a magnetic filler are prepared in a low-toxicity process. Desired mechanical behaviour is achieved using a combination of two cross-linking routes—dynamic Schiff base linkages and ionic cross-linking. We found that gelation time is greatly affected by polymer chain conformation. This factor can surpass the influence of the number of reactive sites, shortening gelation from 5 h to 20 min. Ionic cross-linking efficiency increased with the number of carboxyl groups and led to the storage modulus reaching 103 Pa compared to 101 Pa–102 Pa for gels cross-linked with only Schiff bases. Furthermore, the ability of magnetic particles to induce significant stiffening of the hydrogel through the magnetorheological effect is confirmed, as a 103-times higher storage modulus is achieved in an external magnetic field of 842 kA·m−1. Finally, cytotoxicity testing confirms the ability to produce hydrogels that provide over 75% relative cell viability. Therefore, dual cross-linked hyaluronan-based magneto-responsive hydrogels present a potential material for on-demand mechanically tunable scaffolds usable in myocyte cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Vítková
- Department of Physics and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Musilová
- Department of Physics and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Eva Achbergerová
- CEBIA-Tech, Faculty of Applied Informatics, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nad Stráněmi 4511, 760 05 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Kolařík
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Mrlík
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Korpasová
- Department of Physics and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Leona Mahelová
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Capáková
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Mráček
- Department of Physics and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (A.M.)
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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Pyrrole-Bearing Methacrylate for Production of Carbonyl Iron Particles with Conducting Shell for Enhanced Electromagnetic Shielding. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158540. [PMID: 35955674 PMCID: PMC9369209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The conducting polymer poly(2-(1H-pyrrole-1-yl)ethyl methacrylate (PPEMA) was synthesized by conventional atom transfer radical polymerization for the first time from free as well as surface-bonded alkyl bromide initiator. When grafted from the surface of carbonyl iron (CI) a substantial conducting shell on the magnetic core was obtained. Synthesis of the monomer as well as its polymer was confirmed using proton spectrum nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Polymers with various molar masses and low dispersity showed the variability of this approach, providing a system with a tailorable structure and brush-like morphology. Successful grafting from the CI surface was elucidate by transmission electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Very importantly, thanks to the targeted nanometer-scale shell thickness of the PPEMA coating, the magnetization properties of the particles were negligibly affected, as confirmed using vibration sample magnetometry. Smart elastomers (SE) consisting of bare CI or CI grafted with PPEMA chains (CI-PPEMA) and silicone elastomer were prepared and dynamic mechanical properties as well as interference shielding ones were investigated. It was found that short polymer chains grafted to the CI particles exhibited the plasticizing effect, which might be interesting from the magnetorheological point of view, and more interestingly, in comparison to the neat CI-based sample, it provided enhanced electromagnetic shielding of nearly 30 dB in thickness of 500 μm. Thus, SE containing the newly synthesized CI-PPEMA hybrid particles also exhibited considerably enhanced damping factor and proper mechanical performance, which make the material highly promising from various practical application points of view.
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Effect of Nano-Sized Poly(Butyl Acrylate) Layer Grafted from Graphene Oxide Sheets on the Compatibility and Beta-Phase Development of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) and Their Vibration Sensing Performance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105777. [PMID: 35628584 PMCID: PMC9146892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, graphene oxide (GO) particles were modified with a nano-sized poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) layer to improve the hydrophobicity of the GO and improve compatibility with PVDF. The improved hydrophobicity was elucidated using contact angle investigations, and exhibit nearly 0° for neat GO and 102° for GO-PBA. Then, the neat GO and GO-PBA particles were mixed with PVDF using a twin screw laboratory extruder. It was clearly shown that nano-sized PBA layer acts as plasticizer and shifts glass transition temperature from −38.7 °C for neat PVDF to 45.2 °C for PVDF/GO-PBA. Finally, the sensitivity to the vibrations of various frequencies was performed and the piezoelectric constant in the thickness mode, d33, was calculated and its electrical load independency were confirmed. Received values of the d33 were for neat PVDF 14.7 pC/N, for PVDF/GO 20.6 pC/N and for PVDF/GO-PBA 26.2 pC/N showing significant improvement of the vibration sensing and thus providing very promising systems for structural health monitoring and data harvesting.
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Abstract
In conventional classification, soft robots feature mechanical compliance as the main distinguishing factor from traditional robots made of rigid materials. Recent advances in functional soft materials have facilitated the emergence of a new class of soft robots capable of tether-free actuation in response to external stimuli such as heat, light, solvent, or electric or magnetic field. Among the various types of stimuli-responsive materials, magnetic soft materials have shown remarkable progress in their design and fabrication, leading to the development of magnetic soft robots with unique advantages and potential for many important applications. However, the field of magnetic soft robots is still in its infancy and requires further advancements in terms of design principles, fabrication methods, control mechanisms, and sensing modalities. Successful future development of magnetic soft robots would require a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principle of magnetic actuation, as well as the physical properties and behavior of magnetic soft materials. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the design and fabrication, modeling and simulation, and actuation and control of magnetic soft materials and robots. We then give a set of design guidelines for optimal actuation performance of magnetic soft materials. Lastly, we summarize potential biomedical applications of magnetic soft robots and provide our perspectives on next-generation magnetic soft robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonho Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Jamari SKM, Nordin NA, Ubaidillah U, Aziz SAA, Mazlan SA, Nazmi N. Enhancement of the rheological properties of magnetorheological elastomer via polystyrene‐grafted carbonyl iron particles. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siti Khumaira Mohd Jamari
- Engineering Materials and Structures (EMaSt) iKohza Malaysian‐Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Nur Azmah Nordin
- Engineering Materials and Structures (EMaSt) iKohza Malaysian‐Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - U. Ubaidillah
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Kentingan Jebres Surakarta Indonesia
| | - Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz
- Engineering Materials and Structures (EMaSt) iKohza Malaysian‐Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Saiful Amri Mazlan
- Engineering Materials and Structures (EMaSt) iKohza Malaysian‐Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Nurhazimah Nazmi
- Engineering Materials and Structures (EMaSt) iKohza Malaysian‐Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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9
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Plachy T, Rohrer P, Holcapkova P. Gelatine-Coated Carbonyl Iron Particles and Their Utilization in Magnetorheological Suspensions. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14102503. [PMID: 34066006 PMCID: PMC8151537 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the formation of biocompatible magnetic particles into organized structures upon the application of an external magnetic field. The capability to create the structures was examined in silicone-oil suspensions and in a gelatine solution, which is commonly used as a blood plasma expander. Firstly, the carbonyl iron particles were successfully coated with gelatine, mixed with a liquid medium in order to form a magnetorheological suspension, and subsequently the possibility of controlling their rheological parameters via a magnetic field was observed using a rotational rheometer with an external magnetic cell. Scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the successful coating process. The prepared magnetorheological suspensions exhibited a transition from pseudoplastic to Bingham behavior, which confirms their capability to create chain-like structures upon application of a magnetic field, which thus prevents the liquid medium from flowing. The observed dynamic yield stresses were calculated using Robertson-Stiff model, which fit the flow curves of the prepared magnetorheological suspensions well.
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Dong YZ, Esmaeilnezhad E, Choi HJ. Core-Shell Structured Magnetite-Poly(diphenylamine) Microspheres and Their Tunable Dual Response under Magnetic and Electric Fields. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:2298-2311. [PMID: 33556246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Core-shell type poly(diphenylamine)-coated magnetite (Fe3O4-PDPA) microspheres were designed and adopted as a novel actively tunable smart material which is responsive under both electric and magnetic fields. Their morphology, chemical structure, crystalline structure, and thermal properties were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and a thermal gravimetric analyzer. Their magnetic and dielectric properties were determined using vibrating-sample magnetometer and an LCR meter, respectively. They were dispersed in silicone oil and their electrorheological (ER) and magnetorheological (MR) responses under the electric and magnetic fields, respectively, were examined. The formation of chain structure of Fe3O4-PDPA based E/MR fluid under the application of electric field or magnetic field was observed by an optical microscopy and the sedimentation stability was observed by a Turbiscan optical analyzer system. It was observed that the yield stress, ER efficiency, and leakage current density increased with an increase in the particle concentration, while the slope of the electric field-dependent yield stress decreased. Several models such as the Bingham model, Herschel-Bulkley model, and Cho-Choi-Jhon equations were used to describe the shear stress curves of the ER fluid; the curves fitted well. For the dielectric properties, the two types of ER fluids tested displayed the same relaxation time and distribution; however, the one with the higher concentration had a higher dielectric constant and polarizability. The Fe3O4-PDPA based MR fluid (10 vol %) exhibited typical MR properties. In addition, the Herschel-Bulkley model matched well with the shear stress curves under a magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhen Dong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Ehsan Esmaeilnezhad
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hyoung Jin Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Program of Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
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Lu Q, Choi K, Nam JD, Choi HJ. Magnetic Polymer Composite Particles: Design and Magnetorheology. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:512. [PMID: 33567794 PMCID: PMC7915058 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a family of smart functional hybrid materials, magnetic polymer composite particles have attracted considerable attention owing to their outstanding magnetism, dispersion stability, and fine biocompatibility. This review covers their magnetorheological properties, namely, flow curve, yield stress, and viscoelastic behavior, along with their synthesis. Preparation methods and characteristics of different types of magnetic composite particles are presented. Apart from the research progress in magnetic polymer composite synthesis, we also discuss prospects of this promising research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Program of Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Kisuk Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (K.C.); (J.-D.N.)
| | - Jae-Do Nam
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (K.C.); (J.-D.N.)
| | - Hyoung Jin Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Program of Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
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12
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Jamari SKM, Nordin NA, Ubaidillah, Aziz SAA, Nazmi N, Mazlan SA. Systematic Review on the Effects, Roles and Methods of Magnetic Particle Coatings in Magnetorheological Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E5317. [PMID: 33255343 PMCID: PMC7727681 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnetorheological (MR) material is a type of magneto-sensitive smart materials which consists of magnetizable particles dispersed in a carrier medium. Throughout the years, coating on the surface of the magnetic particles has been developed by researchers to enhance the performance of MR materials, which include the improvement of sedimentation stability, enhancement of the interaction between the particles and matrix mediums, and improving rheological properties as well as providing extra protection against oxidative environments. There are a few coating methods that have been employed to graft the coating layer on the surface of the magnetic particles, such as atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), chemical oxidative polymerization, and dispersion polymerization. This paper investigates the role of particle coating in MR materials with the effects gained from grafting the magnetic particles. This paper also discusses the coating methods employed in some of the works that have been established by researchers in the particle coating of MR materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Khumaira Mohd Jamari
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kampung Datuk Keramat, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (S.K.M.J.); (S.A.A.A.); (N.N.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Nur Azmah Nordin
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kampung Datuk Keramat, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (S.K.M.J.); (S.A.A.A.); (N.N.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Ubaidillah
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jalan Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kampung Datuk Keramat, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (S.K.M.J.); (S.A.A.A.); (N.N.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Nurhazimah Nazmi
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kampung Datuk Keramat, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (S.K.M.J.); (S.A.A.A.); (N.N.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Saiful Amri Mazlan
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kampung Datuk Keramat, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (S.K.M.J.); (S.A.A.A.); (N.N.); (S.A.M.)
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13
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Nanoparticles Functionalized by Conducting Polymers and Their Electrorheological and Magnetorheological Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010204. [PMID: 31941163 PMCID: PMC7023545 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conducting polymer-coated nanoparticles used in electrorheological (ER) and magnetorheological (MR) fluids are reviewed along with their fabrication methods, morphologies, thermal properties, sedimentation stabilities, dielectric properties, and ER and MR characteristics under applied electric or magnetic fields. After functionalization of the conducting polymers, the nanoparticles exhibited properties suitable for use as ER materials, and materials in which magnetic particles are used as a core could also be applied as MR materials. The conducting polymers covered in this study included polyaniline and its derivatives, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(3-octylthiophene), polypyrrole, and poly(diphenylamine). The modified nanoparticles included polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), silica, titanium dioxide, maghemite, magnetite, and nanoclay. This article reviews many core-shell structured conducting polymer-coated nanoparticles used in ER and MR fluids and is expected to contribute to the understanding and development of ER and MR materials.
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Krupa I, Sobolčiak P, Mrlik M. Smart Non-Woven Fiber Mats with Light-Induced Sensing Capability. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 10:E77. [PMID: 31906164 PMCID: PMC7022566 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This article is focused on the facile procedure for 2D graphene oxide (GO) fabrication, utilizing reversible de-activation polymerization approach and therefore enhanced compatibility with surrounding polymer matrix. Such tunable improvement led to a controllable sensing response after irradiation with light. The neat GO as well as surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) grafted particles were investigated by atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. To confirm the successful surface reduction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy was utilized. The composites in form of non-woven fiber mats containing ungrafted GO and controllably grafted GO with compact layer of polymer dispersed in poly(vinylidene-co-hexafluoropropylene) were prepared by electrospinning technique and characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical performance was characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis. Thermal conductivity was employed to confirm that the conducting filler was well-dispersed in the polymer matrix. The presented controllable coating with polymer layer and its impact on the overall performance, especially photo-actuation and subsequent contraction of the material aiming on the sensing applications, was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Krupa
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Patrik Sobolčiak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Miroslav Mrlik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida T. Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic
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15
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Characterization and preparation of carbonyl iron-based high magnetic fluids stabilized by the addition of fumed silica. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Tailoring Performance, Damping, and Surface Properties of Magnetorheological Elastomers via Particle-Grafting Technology. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10121411. [PMID: 30961336 PMCID: PMC6401872 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel concept based on advanced particle-grafting technology to tailor performance, damping, and surface properties of the magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) is introduced. In this work, the carbonyl iron (CI) particles grafted with poly(trimethylsilyloxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMATMS) of two different molecular weights were prepared via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization and the relations between the PHEMATMS chain lengths and the MREs properties were investigated. The results show that the magnetorheological performance and damping capability were remarkably influenced by different interaction between polydimethylsiloxane chains as a matrix and PHEMATMS grafts due to their different length. The MRE containing CI grafted with PHEMATMS of higher molecular weight exhibited a greater plasticizing effect and hence both a higher relative magnetorheological effect and enhanced damping capability were observed. Besides bulk MRE properties, the PHEMATMS modifications influenced also field-induced surface activity of the MRE sheets, which manifested as notable changes in surface roughness.
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17
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Impact of corrosion process of carbonyl iron particles on magnetorheological behavior of their suspensions. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Min TH, Choi HJ, Kim NH, Park K, You CY. Effects of surface treatment on magnetic carbonyl iron/polyaniline microspheres and their magnetorheological study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Cvek M, Mrlík M, Ilčíková M, Mosnáček J, Münster L, Pavlínek V. Synthesis of Silicone Elastomers Containing Silyl-Based Polymer-Grafted Carbonyl Iron Particles: An Efficient Way To Improve Magnetorheological, Damping, and Sensing Performances. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Cvek
- Centre of Polymer
Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida
T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
- Polymer Centre,
Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 275, 762 02 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Mrlík
- Centre of Polymer
Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida
T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Ilčíková
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava 45, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Mosnáček
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava 45, Slovakia
| | - Lukáš Münster
- Centre of Polymer
Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida
T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Pavlínek
- Centre of Polymer
Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida
T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
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20
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Pei L, Pang H, Ruan X, Gong X, Xuan S. Magnetorheology of a magnetic fluid based on Fe3O4immobilized SiO2core–shell nanospheres: experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28436a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The MR effect of an Fe3O4-immobilized-SiO2-nanosphere based magnetic fluid was 25 times larger than that of an Fe3O4based magnetic fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials
- Department of Modern Mechanics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Haoming Pang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials
- Department of Modern Mechanics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Xiaohui Ruan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials
- Department of Modern Mechanics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Xinglong Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials
- Department of Modern Mechanics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Shouhu Xuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials
- Department of Modern Mechanics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
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21
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Pickering emulsion-polymerized conducting polymer nanocomposites and their applications. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-016-0050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Mrlík M, Ilčíková M, Cvek M, Pavlínek V, Zahoranová A, Kroneková Z, Kasak P. Carbonyl iron coated with a sulfobetaine moiety as a biocompatible system and the magnetorheological performance of its silicone oil suspensions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03919g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, surface modification of carbonyl iron (CI) particles with sulfobetaine moieties (SBE) was performed by the silanization of activated CI to form stable CI–SBE particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Mrlík
- Centre of Polymer Systems
- University Institute
- Tomas Bata University in Zlín
- 760 01 Zlín
- Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Ilčíková
- Polymer Institute
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- Bratislava 45
- Slovakia
- Centre for Advanced Materials
| | - Martin Cvek
- Centre of Polymer Systems
- University Institute
- Tomas Bata University in Zlín
- 760 01 Zlín
- Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Pavlínek
- Centre of Polymer Systems
- University Institute
- Tomas Bata University in Zlín
- 760 01 Zlín
- Czech Republic
| | - Anna Zahoranová
- Polymer Institute
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- Bratislava 45
- Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kroneková
- Polymer Institute
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- Bratislava 45
- Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Centre for Advanced Materials
- Qatar University
- Doha
- Qatar
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