1
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A Brønsted Acidic Deep Eutectic Solvent for N-Boc Deprotection. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12111480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) group is one of the most widely used amine-protecting groups in multistep reactions in synthetic organic chemistry as well as in peptide synthesis. Traditional methods to remove the Boc group have disadvantages in terms of high acidity, the use of expensive reagents, excessive amounts of catalysts and harmful solvents as well as high temperatures, making them environmentally unsustainable. Therefore, more efforts must be stepwise tightened to make Boc removal practical, clean, and minimize any potential impact. We describe an efficient and sustainable method for N-Boc deprotection by means of a choline chloride/p-toluenesulfonic acid deep eutectic solvent (DES), which is used as a reaction medium plus catalyst. The adopted conditions allow the deprotection of a wide variety of N-Boc derivatives in excellent yields. The strategy has found advantages in greening, simplicity, and short reaction times, resulting in a useful alternative to standard methods.
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2
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Procopio D, Siciliano C, Trombino S, Dumitrescu DE, Suciu F, Di Gioia ML. Green solvents for the formation of amide linkages. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:1137-1149. [PMID: 34821895 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01814k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The formation of the amide bond is among the most commonly performed transformations in the pharmaceutical industry and the wider chemical industry. The current methods for its installation in organic compounds frequently rely on the use of large amounts of organic solvents, mainly N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and dichloromethane (DCM), which have been associated with adverse environmental and health concerns over the last decades. This fact led academia and industry to make significant efforts toward the development of synthetic routes with the aim to avoid, reduce or replace the use of hazardous solvents. The present review fits into this framework and discusses the literature existing over the past ten years on strategies for reducing and replacing hazardous solvents, focusing on the use of biobased and neoteric solvents, such as ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents (ILs and DESs, respectively), and on the reaction media that proved to be greener alternatives for amide bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Procopio
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, Department of Excellence L. 232/2016, Edificio Polifunzionale, Università della Calabria, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Carlo Siciliano
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, Department of Excellence L. 232/2016, Edificio Polifunzionale, Università della Calabria, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Sonia Trombino
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, Department of Excellence L. 232/2016, Edificio Polifunzionale, Università della Calabria, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Denisa Elena Dumitrescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ovidius, University Constanta, Str. Cpt. Av. Al. Serbanescu, Campus Corp C, Constanta, Romania
| | - Felicia Suciu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ovidius, University Constanta, Str. Cpt. Av. Al. Serbanescu, Campus Corp C, Constanta, Romania
| | - Maria Luisa Di Gioia
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, Department of Excellence L. 232/2016, Edificio Polifunzionale, Università della Calabria, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.
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3
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Omprakash Rathi J, Subray Shankarling G. Recent Advances in the Protection of Amine Functionality: A Review. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Omprakash Rathi
- Department of Dyestuff TechnologyInstitute of Chemical Technology N. P. Marg, Matunga (E) Mumbai 400 019 India
| | - Ganapati Subray Shankarling
- Department of Dyestuff TechnologyInstitute of Chemical Technology N. P. Marg, Matunga (E) Mumbai 400 019 India
- Department of Dyestuff TechnologyInstitute of Chemical Technology N. P. Marg, Matunga (E) Mumbai 400 019 India
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4
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Dai Z, Tian Q, Li Y, Shang S, Luo W, Wang X, Li D, Zhang Y, Li Z, Yuan J. Michael Addition Reaction Catalyzed by Imidazolium Chloride to Protect Amino Groups and Construct Medium Ring Heterocycles. Molecules 2019; 24:E4224. [PMID: 31757097 PMCID: PMC6930643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective approach for amino protection and construction of a seven-membered ring has been developed. The method uses imidazolium chloride to carry out the Michael addition reaction at low temperatures and perform amino deprotection or construction of a seven-membered ring at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianyong Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (Z.D.); (Q.T.); (Y.L.); (S.S.); (W.L.); (X.W.); (D.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.)
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5
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Di Gioia ML, Cassano R, Costanzo P, Herrera Cano N, Maiuolo L, Nardi M, Nicoletta FP, Oliverio M, Procopio A. Green Synthesis of Privileged Benzimidazole Scaffolds Using Active Deep Eutectic Solvent. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162885. [PMID: 31398916 PMCID: PMC6719900 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploitation and use of alternative synthetic methods, in the face of classical procedures that do not conform to the ethics of green chemistry, represent an ever-present problem in the pharmaceutical industry. The procedures for the synthesis of benzimidazoles have become a focus in synthetic organic chemistry, as they are building blocks of strong interest for the development of compounds with pharmacological activity. Various benzimidazole derivatives exhibit important activities such as antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities, and some of the already synthesized compounds have found very strong applications in medicine praxis. Here we report a selective and sustainable method for the synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted or 2-substituted benzimidazoles, starting from o-phenylenediamine in the presence of different aldehydes. The use of deep eutectic solvent (DES), both as reaction medium and reagent without any external solvent, provides advantages in terms of yields as well as in the work up procedure of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Di Gioia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Dipartimento di Eccellenza L. 232/2016, Edificio Polifunzionale, Università della Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Roberta Cassano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Dipartimento di Eccellenza L. 232/2016, Edificio Polifunzionale, Università della Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Paola Costanzo
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto CZ, Italy.
| | - Natividad Herrera Cano
- ICYTAC, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento. Química Orgánica. Ciudad Universitaria, Bv. Juan Filloy s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Loredana Maiuolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Via P. Bucci, cubo 12C, Università della Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Monica Nardi
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto CZ, Italy
| | - Fiore Pasquale Nicoletta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Dipartimento di Eccellenza L. 232/2016, Edificio Polifunzionale, Università della Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Manuela Oliverio
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto CZ, Italy
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto CZ, Italy
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6
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Wu W, Yi J, Xu H, Li S, Yuan R. An Efficient, One-Pot Transamidation of 8-Aminoquinoline Amides Activated by Tertiary-Butyloxycarbonyl. Molecules 2019; 24:E1234. [PMID: 30934862 PMCID: PMC6480081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient, one-pot access to the transamidation of 8-aminoquinoline (8-AQ), notorious for its harsh removal conditions, has been widely employed as an auxiliary in C⁻H functionalization reactions due to its strong directing ability. In this study, the facile and mild Boc protection of the corresponding 8-AQ amide was critical to activate the amide C(acyl)⁻N bond by twisting its geometry to lower the amidic resonance energy. Both aryl and alkyl amines proceeded transamidation in one-pot, user-friendly conditions with excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Jun Yi
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Material, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China.
| | - Huipeng Xu
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Material, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China.
| | - Shuangjun Li
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Material, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China.
| | - Rongxin Yuan
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Material, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China.
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7
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Abstract
A simple and eco-friendly montmorillonite K10 (MK10)-catalyzed method for the synthesis of cyclopentenone derivatives from biomass-produced furfural has been developed. The versatility of this protocol is that the reactions were performed under solvent-free conditions and in a short reaction time under heterogeneous catalysis. Montmorillonite K10 is mostly explored as a heterogeneous catalyst since it is inexpensive and environmentally friendly.
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8
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Olivito F, Costanzo P, Di Gioia ML, Nardi M, M O, Procopio A. Efficient synthesis of organic thioacetates in water. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:7753-7759. [PMID: 30299446 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01896k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Thioacetates as precursors of thiols are interesting starting points for synthesizing other organosulfur compounds. Herein, we propose a simple, efficient and fast method to obtain organic thioacetates using water as a solvent. Taking into account the great attention that has been paid toward environmentally friendly synthetic procedures in the past decades, we prove the role and the strength of the thioacetate anion as a nucleophile for nucleophilic displacement reactions in an aqueous medium. The reactions were carried out under pH control, to prevent the decomposition of the mesylate starting materials, using potassium carbonate as a safe and mild base. A simple work up allows products to be obtained with excellent yield and acceptable purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Olivito
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Græcia, Viale Europa, Germaneto, CZ, Italy. and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, Cubo 12C, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - P Costanzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Græcia, Viale Europa, Germaneto, CZ, Italy.
| | - M L Di Gioia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Edificio Polifunzionale, Università della Calabria, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - M Nardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, Cubo 12C, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy and Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Telematica San Raffaele, Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Italy
| | - Oliverio M
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Græcia, Viale Europa, Germaneto, CZ, Italy.
| | - A Procopio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Græcia, Viale Europa, Germaneto, CZ, Italy.
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9
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Biorenewable Deep Eutectic Solvent for Selective and Scalable Conversion of Furfural into Cyclopentenone Derivatives. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081891. [PMID: 30060584 PMCID: PMC6222497 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel synthetic routes to produce bioactive compounds starting from renewable sources has become an important research area in organic and medicinal chemistry. Here, we present a low-cost procedure for the tunable and selective conversion of biomass-produced furfural to cyclopentenone derivatives using a mixture of choline chloride and urea as a biorenewable deep eutectic solvent (DES). The proposed medium is a nontoxic, biodegradable, and could be reused up to four times without any unfavorable effect on the reaction yield. The process is tunable, clean, cheap, simple and scalable and meets most of the criteria; therefore, it can be considered as an environmental sustainable process in a natural reaction medium.
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10
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Erbium Salts as Non-Toxic Catalysts Compatible with Alternative Reaction Media. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10030721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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11
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Selective Acetylation of Small Biomolecules and Their Derivatives Catalyzed by Er(OTf)3. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7090269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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12
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Nardi M, Cano NH, De Nino A, Di Gioia ML, Maiuolo L, Oliverio M, Santiago A, Sorrentino D, Procopio A. An eco-friendly tandem tosylation/Ferrier N -glycosylation of amines catalyzed by Er(OTf) 3 in 2-MeTHF. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Di Gioia M, Costanzo P, De Nino A, Maiuolo L, Nardi M, Olivito F, Procopio A. Simple and efficient Fmoc removal in ionic liquid. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04425a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of triethylamine and [Bmim][BF4] represents a mild method for efficient removal of the Fmoc group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Di Gioia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione
- Edificio Polifunzionale
- Università della Calabria
- 87030 Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - P. Costanzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute
- Università Magna Graecia
- Germaneto
- Italy
| | - A. De Nino
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università della Calabria
- Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - L. Maiuolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università della Calabria
- Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - M. Nardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università della Calabria
- Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Agraria
| | - F. Olivito
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute
- Università Magna Graecia
- Germaneto
- Italy
| | - A. Procopio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute
- Università Magna Graecia
- Germaneto
- Italy
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Chakraborty A, Purkait R, De UC, Maiti DK, Majumdar S. Anion Dependent Imidazolium Protic Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Solvent-Free General Strategy for Chemoselective Fmoc and Cbz Protection of Amines and Their Chiral Analogues. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry; Tripura University; Suryamaninagar 799 022 Tripura (W) INDIA
| | - Rakesh Purkait
- Department of Chemistry; Tripura University; Suryamaninagar 799 022 Tripura (W) INDIA
| | - Utpal C. De
- Department of Chemistry; Tripura University; Suryamaninagar 799 022 Tripura (W) INDIA
| | - Dilip K. Maiti
- Department of Chemistry; University College of Science; University of Calcutta; 92, A P C Road Kolkata 700 009 INDIA
| | - Swapan Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry; Tripura University; Suryamaninagar 799 022 Tripura (W) INDIA
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