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Mandal P, Panda AN. Conformational Effect on the Excitonic States of 2-Phenylpyridine Oligomers: Ab Initio Studies and Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7898-7907. [PMID: 37703054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the effect of different conformations of 2-phenylpyridine oligomers ((PhPy)n=1-5) on the excited state properties from the results obtained at the RI-ADC(2)/def2-TZVP level. Three different conformers, namely, A, B, and C, are considered for each oligomer. All the oligomers of conformer A have linear-type structures, whereas conformers B and C form helical structures at n = 5 and n = 3, respectively. The differences in the geometries of the three conformers are reflected in the UV and CD spectra. The UV spectra of conformer A show high-intensity peaks compared to the conformers B and C, for each oligomer. While the helical oligomers of conformers B and C show high-intensity CD bands, the intensities of CD bands for all of the oligomers of conformer A are weaker. Analysis of the properties of the first five excited states in (PhPy)5 is carried out using three descriptors, and the results reveal that these are partially charge transfer states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Aditya N Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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2
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Yang G, Shillito GE, Zens C, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Kupfer S. The three kingdoms-Photoinduced electron transfer cascades controlled by electronic couplings. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:024109. [PMID: 37428052 DOI: 10.1063/5.0156279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Excited states are the key species in photocatalysis, while the critical parameters that govern their applications are (i) excitation energy, (ii) accessibility, and (iii) lifetime. However, in molecular transition metal-based photosensitizers, there is a design tension between the creation of long-lived excited (triplet), e.g., metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) states and the population of such states. Long-lived triplet states have low spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and hence their population is low. Thus, a long-lived triplet state can be populated but inefficiently. If the SOC is increased, the triplet state population efficiency is improved-coming at the cost of decreasing the lifetime. A promising strategy to isolate the triplet excited state away from the metal after intersystem crossing (ISC) involves the combination of transition metal complex and an organic donor/acceptor group. Here, we elucidate the excited state branching processes in a series of Ru(II)-terpyridyl push-pull triads by quantum chemical simulations. Scalar-relativistic time-dependent density theory simulations reveal that efficient ISC takes place along 1/3MLCT gateway states. Subsequently, competitive electron transfer (ET) pathways involving the organic chromophore, i.e., 10-methylphenothiazinyl and the terpyridyl ligands are available. The kinetics of the underlying ET processes were investigated within the semiclassical Marcus picture and along efficient internal reaction coordinates that connect the respective photoredox intermediates. The key parameter that governs the population transfer away from the metal toward the organic chromophore either by means of ligand-to-ligand (3LLCT; weakly coupled) or intra-ligand charge transfer (3ILCT; strongly coupled) states was determined to be the magnitude of the involved electronic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjun Yang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Georgina E Shillito
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Clara Zens
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) e.V. Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Guo Y, Zhang L, Qu Z. Benchmark Study on Phosphorescence Energies of Anthraquinone Compounds: Comparison between TDDFT and UDFT. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073257. [PMID: 37050019 PMCID: PMC10096341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorescent material is widely used in light-emitting devices and in the monitoring of cell phenomena. Anthraquinone compounds (AQs), as important phosphorescent materials, have potential applications as emitters for highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Therefore, the accurate calculation of the phosphorescence energy of anthraquinone compounds is particularly important. This study mainly analyzes the phosphorescence energy calculation method of anthraquinone compounds. The time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and the unrestricted density functional theory (UDFT) with seven functionals are selected to calculate the phosphorescence of AQs, taking the high-precision coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CC2) method as a reference. The results showed that the mean unsigned error (MUE) of UDFT was 0.14 eV, which was much smaller than that of TDDFT at 0.29 eV. Therefore, UDFT was more suitable for calculating the phosphorescence energy of AQs. The results obtained by different functionals indicate that the minimum MUE obtained by M06-2X was 0.14 eV. More importantly, the diffuse function in the basis set played an important role in calculating the phosphorescence energy in the M06-HF functional. In the BDBT, FBDBT, and BrBDBT, when M06-HF selected the basis set containing a diffuse function, the differences with CC2 was 0.02 eV, which is much smaller than the one obtained without a diffuse function at 0.80 eV. These findings might be of great significance for the future study of the phosphorescence energy of organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Guo
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zexing Qu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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4
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Shafikov MZ, Zaytsev AV, Kozhevnikov VN, Czerwieniec R. Aligning π-Extended π-Deficient Ligands to Afford Submicrosecond Phosphorescence Radiative Decay Time of Mononuclear Ir(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:810-822. [PMID: 36592328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a profound investigation of the photophysical properties of three mononuclear Ir(III) complexes fac-Ir(dppm)3 (Hdppm-4,6-bis(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)pyrimidine), Ir(dppm)2(acac) (acac-acetylacetonate), and Ir(ppy)2(acac) (Hppy-phenylpyridine). The heteroleptic Ir(dppm)2(acac) is found to emit with efficiency above 80% and feature a remarkably high rate of emission. As measured under ambient temperature, Ir(dppm)2(acac) emits with the unusually short (sub-μs) radiative decay time of τr = τem/ΦPL = 1/kr = 0.91 μs in degassed toluene and τr = 0.73 μs in a doped polystyrene film under nitrogen. Investigations at cryogenic temperatures in glassy toluene showed that the emission stems from the T1 state and thus represents T1 → S0 phosphorescence with individual decay times of the T1 substates of T1,I = 66 μs, T1,II = 7.3 μs, T1,III = 0.19 μs, and energy gaps between the substates of ΔE(T1,II-T1,I) = 14 cm-1 and ΔE(T1,III-T1,I) = 210 cm-1. Analysis of the electronic structure of Ir(dppm)2(acac) showed that such a high rate of phosphorescence may stem from the two dppm ligands, with extended π-conjugation system and π-deficient character due to the pyrimidine ring, being serially aligned along one axis. Such alignment, along with the quasi-symmetric character of Jahn-Teller distortions in the T1 state, affords a large chromophore, comprising four (het)aryl rings of the two dppm ligands. This affords an exceptionally large oscillator strength of the MLCT-character singlet state spin-orbit coupled with the T1 state and thus brings about enhancement of the phosphorescence rate. These findings reveal molecular design principles paving the way to new phosphors of enhanced emission rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsel Z Shafikov
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrey V Zaytsev
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon TyneNE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Valery N Kozhevnikov
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon TyneNE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Rafał Czerwieniec
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053Regensburg, Germany
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5
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Theoretical exploration of the electronic structure and photophysical properties of five cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes bearing different substituted acetylacetone moieties. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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6
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McCarthy JS, McCormick MJ, Zimmerman JH, Hambrick HR, Thomas WM, McMillen CD, Wagenknecht PS. Role of the Trifluoropropynyl Ligand in Blue-Shifting Charge-Transfer States in Emissive Pt Diimine Complexes and an Investigation into the PMMA-Imposed Rigidoluminescence and Rigidochromism. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11366-11376. [PMID: 35820113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Square-planar PtII complexes are of interest as dopants for the emissive layer of organic light-emitting diodes. Herein, the photophysics of three Pt bipyridyl complexes with the strongly e- withdrawing, high-field, 3,3,3-trifluoropropynyl ligand has been investigated. One complex, (phbpy)PtC2CF3 (phbpy = 6-phenyl-2,2'-dipyridyl), has also been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All complexes reported are emissive in both RT CH2Cl2 solution (ΦPL = 0.007 to 0.027) and PMMA film (ΦPL = 0.25 to 0.42). The trifluoropropynyl ligand elevates the energy of the MLCT and LL'CT states above that of the IL π-π* state, resulting in IL emission in all cases. The emission energies of the trifluoropropynyl compounds are also blue-shifted relative to the analogous pentafluorophenylethynyl compounds, suggesting that the trifluoropropynyl ligand is one of the most electron-withdrawing alkynyl ligands. Rate constants for radiative and nonradiative deactivation were determined from experimentally determined values of ΦPL and excited-state lifetimes in both solution and PMMA films. The increase in ΦPL upon incorporation into PMMA film (rigidoluminescence) results from a decrease in the rate constant for non-radiative relaxation. Experimental activation energies for excited-state decay in combination with TDDFT are consistent with the rigidoluminescence resulting from an increase in the energy of the non-emissive triplet metal-centered state. Two of the complexes investigated, (Ph2bpy)Pt(C2CF3)2 and (t-Bu2bpy)Pt(C2CF3)2, where t-Bu2bpy = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-dipyridyl and Ph2bpy = 4,4'-diphenyl-2,2'-dipyridyl, exhibit concentration-dependent excimer emission (orange) along with monomer emission (blue), enabling fine-tuning of the emission color. However, excimer emission was absent in cured PMMA films up to the solubility limit for solution processing of (Ph2bpy)Pt(C2CF3)2 in CH2Cl2, demonstrating the diffusional nature of excimer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson S McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - Mary Jo McCormick
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - John H Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - H Rhodes Hambrick
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - Wilson M Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - Colin D McMillen
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Paul S Wagenknecht
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
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London HC, Pritchett DY, Pienkos JA, McMillen CD, Whittemore TJ, Bready CJ, Myers AR, Vieira NC, Harold S, Shields GC, Wagenknecht PS. Photochemistry and Photophysics of Charge-Transfer Excited States in Emissive d10/ d0 Heterobimetallic Titanocene Tweezer Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10986-10998. [PMID: 35786924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal complexes that undergo ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) to d0 metals are of interest as possible photocatalysts due to the lack of deactivating d-d states. Herein, the synthesis and characterization of nine titanocene complexes of the formula Cp2Ti(C2Ar)2·MX (where Ar = phenyl, dimethylaniline, or triphenylamine; and MX = CuCl, CuBr, or AgCl) are presented. Solid-state structural characterization demonstrates that MX coordinates to the alkyne tweezers and CuX coordination has a greater structural impact than AgCl. All complexes, including the parent complexes without coordinated MX, are brightly emissive at 77 K (emission max between 575 and 767 nm), with the coordination of MX redshifting the emission in all cases except for the coordination of AgCl into Cp2Ti(C2Ph)2. TDDFT investigations suggest that emission is dominated by arylalkynyl-to-titanium 3LMCT in all cases except Cp2Ti(C2Ph)2·CuBr, which is dominated by CuBr-to-Ti charge transfer. In room-temperature fluid solution, only Cp2Ti(C2Ph)2 and Cp2Ti(C2Ph)2·AgCl are emissive, albeit with photoluminescent quantum yields ≤2 × 10-4. The parent complexes photodecompose in room-temperature solution with quantum yields, Φrxn, between 0.25 and 0.99. The coordination of MX decreases Φrxn by two to three orders of magnitude. There is a clear trend that Φrxn increases as the emission energy increases. This trend is consistent with a competition between energy-gap-law controlled nonradiative decay and thermally activated intersystem crossing between the 3LMCT state and the singlet transition state for decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry C London
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - David Y Pritchett
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - Jared A Pienkos
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - Colin D McMillen
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Thomas J Whittemore
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - Conor J Bready
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - Alexis R Myers
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - Noah C Vieira
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - Shannon Harold
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - George C Shields
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - Paul S Wagenknecht
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
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Castro Júnior JGM, Rocha WR. Theoretical investigation of [Ru(bpy) 2(HAT)] 2+ (HAT = 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine): Photophysics and reactions in excited state. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 270:120817. [PMID: 35030417 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this article, Density Functional Theory based calculations, including dispersion corrections, PBE0(D3BJ)/Def2-TZVP(-f), were performed to elucidate the photophysics of the [Ru(bpy)2(HAT)]2+ complex in water. In addition, the thermodynamics of the charge and electron transfer excited state reactions of this complex with oxygen, nitric oxide and Guanosine-5'-monophosphate nucleotide (GMP) were investigated. The first singlet excite state, S1, strongly couples with the second and third triplet excited states (T2 and T3) giving rise to a high intersystem crossing rate of 6.26 × 1011 s-1 which is ∼106 greater than the fluorescence rate decay. The thermodynamics of the excited reactions revealed that all electron transfer reactions investigated are highly favorable, due mainly to the high stability of the triply charged radical cation 2PS•3+ species formed after the electron has been transferred. Excited state electron transfer from the GMP nucleotide to the complex is also highly favorable (ΔGsol = -92.6 kcal/mol), showing that this complex can be involved in the photooxidation of DNA, in line with experimental findings. Therefore, the calculations allow to conclude that the [Ru(bpy)2(HAT)]2+ complex can act in Photodynamic therapy through both mechanisms type I and II, through electron transfer from and to the complex and triplet-triplet energy transfer, generating ROS, RNOS and through DNA photooxidation. In addition, the work also opens a perspective of using this complex for the in-situ generation of the singlet nitroxyl (1NO-) species, which can have important applications for the generation of HNO and may have, therefore, important impact for physiological studies involving HNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Geraldo M Castro Júnior
- Laboratório de Estudos Computacionais em Sistemas Moleculares, eCsMo(lab), Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Willian R Rocha
- Laboratório de Estudos Computacionais em Sistemas Moleculares, eCsMo(lab), Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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9
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Mahato B, Panda AN. Effects of Heterocyclic Ring Fusion and Chain Elongation on Chiroptical Properties of Polyaza[9]helicene: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1412-1421. [PMID: 35192355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the effect of lateral and helical extensions on the physical and chiroptical properties of azahelicenes is reported. Starting with the experimentally reported polyaza[9]helicene (9Ha), three derivatives, two with laterally fused electron-withdrawing rings and the third with larger helical length, are designed. For the excited-state properties such as UV-vis and CD spectra, performances of different DFT functionals are evaluated by comparing the energies and characters of the excited states against the ADC(2) results. CPL properties are calculated at DFT level. Among the three designed systems, pyrazine-based 9HaP shows an improved gCPL value compared to that for parent 9Ha. However, quinoxaline-based 9HaQ is found to be the worst CPL emitter with the lowest dissymmetry factor. The helically extended derivative, 11Ha, shows good CPL results, but gCPL remains smaller than that for the parent system. The CPL results are analyzed in terms of electric dipole transition moment (EDTM) and magnetic dipole transition moment (MDTM) vectors, and angles between these two vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwanath Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Aditya N Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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10
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Kesari S, Mishra BK, Panda AN. Excited states in RED/near infrared region TADF molecules: TDDFT vs ADC(2). Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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11
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Kupfer S, Wächtler M, Guthmuller J. Light‐Driven Multi‐Charge Separation in a Push‐Pull Ruthenium‐based Photosensitizer – Assessed by RASSCF and TDDFT Simulations. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Kupfer
- Friedrich Schiller Universitat Jena Chemisch Geowissenschaftliche Fakultat Institute of Physical Chemistry Helmholtzweg 1 07743 Jena GERMANY
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology: Leibniz-Institut fur Photonische Technologien Functional Interfaces GERMANY
| | - Julien Guthmuller
- Gdansk University of Technology: Politechnika Gdanska Institute of Physics and Computer Science POLAND
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12
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Wang B, Zhang J, Wang Y, Shang X, Han D. Theoretical insight on the effect of different positional N-substitution on the electronic structures and photophysical properties of five iridium(III) complexes bearing fluorine substituted 2,3'-bipyridine and bromine substituted pyridinyltetrazolate ligands. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Kumar P, Escudero D. Computational Protocol to Calculate the Phosphorescence Energy of Pt(II) Complexes: Is the Lowest Triplet Excited State Always Involved in Emission? A Comprehensive Benchmark Study. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17230-17240. [PMID: 34702026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The reliable calculation of phosphorescence energies of phosphor materials is at the core of designing efficient phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). Therefore, it is of paramount importance to have a robust computational protocol to perform those calculations in a black-box manner. In this work, we use Domain-Based Local Pair Natural Orbital Coupled Cluster theory with single, double, and perturbative triple excitation (DLPNO-CCSD(T)) calculations to attain the phosphorescence energies of a large pool of Pt(II) complexes. Several approaches to incorporate relativistic effects in our calculations were tested. In addition, we have used the DLPNO-CCSD(T) values (i.e., our best theoretical values) to assess the performance of different flavors of density functional theory including pure, hybrid, meta-hybrid, and range-separated functionals. Among the tested functionals, the M06HF functional provides the best values compared with the DLPNO-CCSD(T) ones, with a mean absolute deviation (MAD) value of 0.14 eV. In its turn, and thanks to the increased accuracy achieved in the calculation of phosphorescence energies, we also demonstrate that not all of the investigated complexes emit from their lowest-lying triplet state (T1). The outlier complexes include different complex photophysical scenarios and both Kasha and anti-Kasha types of complexes. Finally, we provide a general computational protocol to pre-screen whether T1 is actually the emissive state and to accurately calculate the phosphorescence energies of Pt(II) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Escudero
- Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Han D, Ji X, Zhao L, Pang C. Theoretical insight on electronic structure and photophysical properties of a series of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes bearing the substituted phenylpyrazole with different electron-donating or electron-accepting groups. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1487-1495. [PMID: 34709594 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
By using the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), the electronic structure and photophysical properties of a series of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes bearing the substituted phenylpyrazole have been theoretically investigated. All studied iridium(III) complexes have the distorted octahedral geometry with cis-C,C, cis-O,O, and trans-N,N chelate disposition. The lowest lying singlet → singlet absorptions of all studied iridium(III) complexes are respectively located at 405 nm, 387 nm, 382 nm, 370 nm, and 387 nm. The calculated emission wavelengths for all studied iridium(III) complexes are 654 nm, 513 nm, 506 nm, 505 nm and 499 nm, respectively. The calculated emission wavelength for complex 4 at the CAM-B3LYP level is in good agreement with the experimental value. From the theoretical results, it can be seen that the electron-donating substituent groups have the important effect on the electronic structure and photophysical properties of all studied iridium(III) complexes. We hope that this study can provide valuable guidance for the design of new phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China.,Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ji
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihui Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunying Pang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China.
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15
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London HC, Whittemore TJ, Gale AG, McMillen CD, Pritchett DY, Myers AR, Thomas HD, Shields GC, Wagenknecht PS. Ligand-to-Metal Charge-Transfer Photophysics and Photochemistry of Emissive d 0 Titanocenes: A Spectroscopic and Computational Investigation. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14399-14409. [PMID: 34495657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Complexes with ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) excited states involving d0 metals represent a new design for photocatalysts. Herein, the photochemistry and photophysics of d0 titanocenes of the type Cp2Ti(C2R)2, where C2R = ethynylphenyl (C2Ph), 4-ethynyldimethylaniline (C2DMA), or 4-ethynyltriphenylamine (C2TPA), have been investigated. Cp2Ti(C2Ph)2 and Cp2Ti(C2DMA)2 have also been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The two aryl rings in Cp2Ti(C2DMA)2 are nearly face-to-face in the solid state, whereas they are mutually perpendicular for Cp2Ti(C2Ph)2. All three complexes are brightly emissive at 77 K but photodecompose at room temperature when irradiated into their lowest-energy absorption band. The emission wavelengths and photodecomposition quantum yields are as follows: Cp2Ti(C2Ph)2, 575 nm and 0.65; Cp2Ti(C2TPA)2, 642 nm and 0.42; Cp2Ti(C2DMA)2, 672 nm and 0.25. Extensive benchmarking of the density functional theory (DFT) model against the structural data and of the time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) model against the absorption and emission data was performed using combinations of 13 different functionals and 4 basis sets. The model that predicted the absorption and emission data with the greatest fidelity utilized MN15/LANL2DZ for both the DFT optimization and the TDDFT. Computational analysis shows that absorption involves a transition to a 1LMCT state. Whereas the spectroscopic data for Cp2Ti(C2TPA)2 and Cp2Ti(C2DMA)2 are well modeled using the optimized structure of these complexes, Cp2Ti(C2Ph)2 required averaging of the spectra from multiple rotamers involving rotation of the Ph rings. Consistent with this finding, an energy scan of all rotamers showed a very flat energetic surface, with less than 1.3 kcal/mol separating the minimum and maximum. The computational data suggest that emission occurs from a 3LMCT state. Optimization of the 3LMCT state demonstrates compression of the C-Ti-C bond angle, consistent with the known products of photodecomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry C London
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - Thomas J Whittemore
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - Ariel G Gale
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - Colin D McMillen
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - David Y Pritchett
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - Alexis R Myers
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - Hannah D Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - George C Shields
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - Paul S Wagenknecht
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
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16
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Zobel JP, González L. The Quest to Simulate Excited-State Dynamics of Transition Metal Complexes. JACS AU 2021; 1:1116-1140. [PMID: 34467353 PMCID: PMC8397362 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective describes current computational efforts in the field of simulating photodynamics of transition metal complexes. We present the typical workflows and feature the strengths and limitations of the different contemporary approaches. From electronic structure methods suitable to describe transition metal complexes to approaches able to simulate their nuclear dynamics under the effect of light, we give particular attention to build a bridge between theory and experiment by critically discussing the different models commonly adopted in the interpretation of spectroscopic experiments and the simulation of particular observables. Thereby, we review all the studies of excited-state dynamics on transition metal complexes, both in gas phase and in solution from reduced to full dimensionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Patrick Zobel
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 19, 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 19, 1090 Vienna Austria
- Vienna
Research Platform on Accelerating Photoreaction Discovery, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 19, 1090 Vienna Austria
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17
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Grotjahn R, Kaupp M. Reliable TDDFT Protocol Based on a Local Hybrid Functional for the Prediction of Vibronic Phosphorescence Spectra Applied to Tris(2,2'-bipyridine)-Metal Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7099-7110. [PMID: 34370482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient computational protocol for the prediction of vibrationally resolved phosphorescence spectra is developed and validated for five tris(2,2'-bipyridine)-metal complexes ([M(bpy)3]n+, where M = Zn, Ru, Rh, Os, Ir). The outstanding feature of this protocol is the use of full linear-response time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) for the excited-state triplet calculation, i.e., the commonly seen strategies employing the Tamm-Dancoff approximation (TDA) or unrestricted density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the T1 state are not needed. This is achieved by the use of a local hybrid functional (LH12ct-SsirPW92) that features a real-space dependent admixture of exact exchange governed by a local mixing function. The excellent performance of this LH for triplet excitation energies known from previous studies transfers to a remarkable mean absolute error of 0.06 eV for the phosphorescence 0-0 energies investigated herein, while the popular B3PW91 functional gives an error of 0.27 eV in TDDFT and 0.09 eV in unrestricted DFT calculations, respectively. The advantages of the local hybrid are particularly apparent for excited states with a mixed-valence character. The influence of spin-orbit coupling was found to be significant for [Os(bpy)3]2+ red-shifting the 0-0 energy for phosphorescence by 0.17 eV, while the effect is negligible for the other complexes (<0.03 eV). The influence of the basis-set and integration-grid sizes is evaluated, and a computationally lighter protocol is validated that leads to drastic savings in computation time with negligible loss in accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Grotjahn
- Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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18
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P∩N Bridged Cu(I) Dimers Featuring Both TADF and Phosphorescence. From Overview towards Detailed Case Study of the Excited Singlet and Triplet States. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113415. [PMID: 34200044 PMCID: PMC8200198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an overview over eight brightly luminescent Cu(I) dimers of the type Cu2X2(P∩N)3 with X = Cl, Br, I and P∩N = 2-diphenylphosphino-pyridine (Ph2Ppy), 2-diphenylphosphino-pyrimidine (Ph2Ppym), 1-diphenylphosphino-isoquinoline (Ph2Piqn) including three new crystal structures (Cu2Br2(Ph2Ppy)3 1-Br, Cu2I2(Ph2Ppym)3 2-I and Cu2I2(Ph2Piqn)3 3-I). However, we mainly focus on their photo-luminescence properties. All compounds exhibit combined thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and phosphorescence at ambient temperature. Emission color, decay time and quantum yield vary over large ranges. For deeper characterization, we select Cu2I2(Ph2Ppy)3, 1-I, showing a quantum yield of 81%. DFT and SOC-TDDFT calculations provide insight into the electronic structures of the singlet S1 and triplet T1 states. Both stem from metal+iodide-to-ligand charge transfer transitions. Evaluation of the emission decay dynamics, measured from 1.2 ≤ T ≤ 300 K, gives ∆E(S1-T1) = 380 cm−1 (47 meV), a transition rate of k(S1→S0) = 2.25 × 106 s−1 (445 ns), T1 zero-field splittings, transition rates from the triplet substates and spin-lattice relaxation times. We also discuss the interplay of S1-TADF and T1-phosphorescence. The combined emission paths shorten the overall decay time. For OLED applications, utilization of both singlet and triplet harvesting can be highly favorable for improvement of the device performance.
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19
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Tanaka S, Nomura N, Nishioka T, Hirotsu M, Nakajima H. Synthesis of iron(III)-carbonyl complex with variable wavelength range for CO release depending on protonation and deprotonation of axial phosphorous ligands. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Carlton ES, Sutton JJ, Gale AG, Shields GC, Gordon KC, Wagenknecht PS. Insights into the charge-transfer character of electronic transitions in RCp 2Ti(C 2Fc) 2 complexes using solvatochromism, resonance Raman spectroscopy, and TDDFT. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2233-2242. [PMID: 33502417 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04282j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of complexes with low-energy FeII to TiIV metal-to-metal charge-transfer (MMCT) transitions, Cp2Ti(C2Fc)2, Cp*2Ti(C2Fc)2, and MeOOCCp2Ti(C2Fc)2, was investigated using solvatochromism and resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) augmented with time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations in order to interrogate the nature of the CT transitions. Computational models were benchmarked against the experimental UV-Vis spectra and B3LYP/6-31G(d) was found to most faithfully represent the spectra. The energy of the MMCT transition was measured in 15 different solvents and a multivariate fit to the Catalán solvent parameters - solvent polarizability (SP), solvent dipolarity (SdP), solvent basicity (SB), and solvent acidity (SA) - was performed. The effect of SP indicates a greater degree of electron delocalization in the excited state (ES) than the ground state (GS). The small negative solvatochromism with respect to SdP indicates a smaller dipole moment in the ES than the GS. The effect of SB is consistent with charge-transfer to Ti. Upon excitation into the MMCT absorption band, the RRS data show enhancement of the alkyne stretching modes and of the out-of-plane bending modes of the cyclopentadienyl ring connected to Fe and the alkyne bridge. This is consistent with changes in the oxidation states of Ti and Fe, respectively. The higher-energy transitions (350-450 nm) show enhancement of vibrational modes consistent with ethnylcyclopentadienyl to Ti ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). The RRS data is consistent with the TDDFT predicted character of these transitions. TDDFT suggests that the lowest-energy transition in Cp2Ti(C2Fc)2CuI, where CuI is coordinated between the alkynes, retains its FeII to TiIV MMCT character, in agreement with the RRS data, but that the lowest-energy transitions have significant CuI to Ti character. For Cp2Ti(C2Fc)2CuI, excitation into the low-energy MMCT absorption band results in selective enhancement of the symmetric alkynyl stretching mode.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua J Sutton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ariel G Gale
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613, USA.
| | - George C Shields
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613, USA.
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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21
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Mahato B, Panda AN. Assessing the Performance of DFT Functionals for Excited-State Properties of Pyridine-Thiophene Oligomers. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:115-125. [PMID: 33353306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we have examined the accuracy of various density functional theory (DFT) functionals to reproduce the absorption and CD spectra of pyridine-thiophene oligomers. The performance of different levels of approximations in DFT functionals is discussed with reference to the ADC(2) results. Starting from a linear system, like monomer, calculations are carried out at ADC(2) and DFT levels till a helical system, like pentamer, is formed. For vertical excitation energies, results obtained with functionals, like CAM-B3LYP, ωB97XD, and M06-2X, are closer to the ADC(2) results. However, analysis of excited-state properties shows that the state ordering patterns or results regarding natural transition orbitals from these DFT functionals sometimes differ from the ADC(2) results. Global hybrid functionals like B3LYP and PBE0 produce excitation energies which are far away from the ADC(2) benchmark results. Similarly, pure functionals and their long-range corrected versions produce either redshifted or blueshifted energies. For the CD spectra, the above three mentioned functionals, CAM-B3LYP, ωB97XD, and M06-2X, again produce spectra closer to the benchmark spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwanath Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Aditya N Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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22
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Schira R, Latouche C. DFT vs. TDDFT vs. TDA to simulate phosphorescence spectra of Pt- and Ir-based complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:746-753. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03614e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A quantum investigation of the optical (mainly luminescence) properties of twelve transition metal complexes using DFT, TDDFT and TDA computations is presented. Unrestricted DFT and TDA outperform TDDFT for the investigated complexes especially when an Ir centre is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Schira
- Université de Nantes
- CNRS
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel
- IMN
- F-44000 Nantes
| | - Camille Latouche
- Université de Nantes
- CNRS
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel
- IMN
- F-44000 Nantes
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23
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Kapturkiewicz A, Kamecka A. Luminescence properties of [Ir(C^N) 2(N^N)] + complexes: relations between DFT computation results and emission band-shape analysis data. RSC Adv 2021; 11:29308-29322. [PMID: 35492067 PMCID: PMC9040651 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminescence properties of two series of [Ir(C^N)2(N^N)]+ complexes bearing deprotonated 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole or 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole as cyclometalating C^N ligands and different α-diimines (2,2′-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline and their derivatives) as ancillary N^N ligands have been studied in acetonitrile solutions at room temperature and in 77 K methanol/ethanol (1 : 1) matrices. Ligand and temperature induced changes in the nature of the emissive 3*[Ir(C^N)2(N^N)]+ species result in well-pronounced changes in their emission properties like emission wavelength, emission quantum yields and emission lifetimes. Depending on the nature of the coordinated C^N and N^N ligands and/or the measurement temperature, the investigated luminophores exhibit emissions arising from the intraligand transitions localized within the N^N ligand or from the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer transitions involving the Ir(C^N)2+ and N^N moieties as confirmed by means of the DFT computations. The computed DFT energies of the excited 3*[Ir(C^N)2(N^N)]+ states and outer/inner reorganization energies associated with the S0 ← 3*[Ir(C^N)2(N^N)]+ transitions remain in nice agreement with those available from the performed emission band-shape analyses. The observed agreement implies ordinary DFT computations at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ/6-31G(d,p) level of theory, even performed neglecting the spin–orbit phenomena, as enough accurate in the quantitative prediction of the most important parameters characterizing the investigated [Ir(C^N)2(N^N)]+ luminophores. For two series of [Ir(C^N)2(N^N)]+ luminophores, the computed DFT quantities remain in nice agreement with those available from the emission band-shape analyses.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kapturkiewicz
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Anna Kamecka
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
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24
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Chrzanowski M, Collins S, Zeller M, Gray TG. 9‐Borabicyclononane Bipyridyl Complexes: Synthesis, Luminescence, and Electronic Characterization. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Chrzanowski
- Department of Chemistry Case Western Reserve University 10900 Euclid Avenue 44106 Cleveland Ohio United States
| | - Stephanie Collins
- Department of Chemistry Case Western Reserve University 10900 Euclid Avenue 44106 Cleveland Ohio United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 47907 West Lafayette Indiana United States
| | - Thomas G. Gray
- Department of Chemistry Case Western Reserve University 10900 Euclid Avenue 44106 Cleveland Ohio United States
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25
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Begam K, Bhandari S, Maiti B, Dunietz BD. Screened Range-Separated Hybrid Functional with Polarizable Continuum Model Overcomes Challenges in Describing Triplet Excitations in the Condensed Phase Using TDDFT. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:3287-3293. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khadiza Begam
- Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Srijana Bhandari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Buddhadev Maiti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Barry D. Dunietz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
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26
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Han D, Zhao L, Han X. Theoretical insight into the photophysical properties of six heteroleptic Ir(iii) phosphorescent complexes bearing ppy-type ligands. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2766-2772. [PMID: 31612901 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
By using density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory, the geometrical, electronic and photophysical properties of six complexes with two ppy-type ligands and one acetylacetone anion around the Ir center have been explored. The lowest energy absorption wavelengths are located at 414 nm for 1, 434 nm for 2, 434 nm for 3, 421 nm for 4, 436 nm for 5, and 425 nm for 6, respectively. The lowest energy emissions of these complexes are localized at 617, 492, 633, 634, 491 and 491 nm, respectively, for complexes 1-6, simulated in CH2Cl2 medium at the M062X level. The calculated lowest lying absorption wavelength and the lowest energy emission wavelength for complex 3 are very close to the available experimental values. The position and number of the incorporated electron-withdrawing fluorine substituents have some effect on the electronic and photophysical properties of these studied complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, P.R. China.
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27
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Guo H, Dang C, Zhao J, Dick B. Lighting the Flavin Decorated Ruthenium(II) Polyimine Complexes: A Theoretical Investigation. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:8486-8493. [PMID: 31185537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The emission properties of a series of flavin (FL) decorated Ru (II) polyimine complexes were investigated by extensive time-dependent (TD) density functional theory (DFT) and DFT based calculations. We attributed the moderate emission properties of FL decorated Ru(II) polyimine complex (Ru-1), such as triplet lifetime and luminescence quantum yield, to the dominant fast nonradiative decay due to the small adiabatic energy gap between the ground state and the lowest lying triplet state (Δ Ead) and the slow radiative decay owing to the ligand localized triplet (3IL) nature of the emissive state. Electron withdrawing groups such as F and Cl were attached to the FL moiety of Ru-1 to alter Δ Ead. Both the radiative and nonradiative decay rates were found to be sensitive to Δ Ead and may result in a drastic change of the photophysical properties of the Ru(II) complexes. Specifically, substitution with F leads to an increase in the Δ Ead from 1.85 to 1.93 eV, resulting in a nearly doubled phosphorescent quantum yield and triplet lifetime with respect to Ru-1. These findings are vital for the rational design of phosphorescent transition metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Can Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Bernhard Dick
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , Regensburg , 93053 , Germany
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28
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Shang X, Han D, Zhao L, Li L, Lv S. Theoretical insight into the photophysical properties of five phosphorescent heteroleptic iridium(iii) complexes bearing oxadiazol-substituted amide ligands. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1075-1080. [PMID: 30657516 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00511g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A DFT/TDDFT (density functional theory/time-dependent density functional theory) investigation on the geometries in the ground and lowest triplet excited states, the frontier molecular orbitals, the absorption spectra and the phosphorescent emission properties of five heteroleptic iridium(iii) complexes have been performed to obtain a better understanding of structure-property relationships. The key aim was to investigate the effect of π-conjugation on the photophysical properties of these studied complexes. The lowest energy absorption wavelengths are located at 461 nm for 1, 418 nm for 2, 422 nm for 3, 426 nm for 4 and 417 nm for 5. The lowest energy emissions of complexes 1-5 are localized at 572, 463, 583, 707 and 553 nm, respectively, simulated in acetonitrile medium at M052X level. These findings could be useful to provide good guidance for the further design of new potential phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode (OLED) materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Shang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
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29
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Liu R, Gao X, Barbatti M, Jiang J, Zhang G. Promoting Intersystem Crossing of a Fluorescent Molecule via Single Functional Group Modification. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1388-1393. [PMID: 30836747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pure light-atom organic phosphorescent molecules have been under scientific scrutiny because they are inexpensive, flexible, and environment friendly. The development of such materials, however, faces a bottleneck problem of intrinsically small spin-orbit couplings, which can be addressed by seeking a proper balance between intersystem crossing (ISC) and fluorescence rates. Using N-substituted naphthalimides as the prototype molecule, we applied chemical modifications with several electrophilic and nucleophilic functional groups, to approach the goal. The selected electron donating groups actively restrain the fluorescence, enabling an efficient ISC to the triplet manifold. Electron withdrawing groups do not change the luminescent properties of the parent species. The changes in ISC and fluorescence rates are related to the nature of the lowest singlet state, which changes from localized excitation into charge-transfer excitation upon configuration change of excited molecules. This finding opens an alternative strategy for designing pure light-atom organic phosphorescent molecules for emerging luminescent materials applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), School of Chemistry and Materials Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Chemistry , 930 N University Ave, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | | | - Jun Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), School of Chemistry and Materials Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Guozhen Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), School of Chemistry and Materials Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
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31
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Pinter P, Strassner T. Prediction of the Efficiency of Phosphorescent Emitters: A Theoretical Analysis of Triplet States in Platinum Blue Emitters. Chemistry 2019; 25:4202-4205. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piermaria Pinter
- Department Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Professur für Physikalische Organische ChemieTechnische Universität Dresden 01069 Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Department Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Professur für Physikalische Organische ChemieTechnische Universität Dresden 01069 Germany
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32
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Pérez-Zúñiga C, Negrete-Vergara C, Yáñez-S M, Aguirre P, Zúñiga CA, Cantero-López P, Arratia-Pérez R, Moya SA. Catalytic activity of a new Ru( ii) complex for the hydrogen transfer reaction of acetophenone and N-benzylideneaniline: synthesis, characterization and relativistic DFT approaches. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj06250a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a new ruthenium(ii) complex containing a hemilabile P^N-ligand are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Pérez-Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Química Organometálica y Catálisis Homogénea
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Chile
| | - C. Negrete-Vergara
- Laboratorio de Química Organometálica y Catálisis Homogénea
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Chile
| | - Mauricio Yáñez-S
- Laboratorio de Biopolímeros
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Chile
| | - Pedro Aguirre
- Universidad de Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas
- Santiago 1
- Chile
| | - César A. Zúñiga
- Center of Applied Nanoscience (CANS)
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Plinio Cantero-López
- Center of Applied Nanoscience (CANS)
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Ramiro Arratia-Pérez
- Center of Applied Nanoscience (CANS)
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Sergio A. Moya
- Laboratorio de Química Organometálica y Catálisis Homogénea
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Chile
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33
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Nakae T, Hirotsu M, Nakajima H. CO Release from N,C,S-Pincer Iron(III) Carbonyl Complexes Induced by Visible-to-NIR Light Irradiation: Mechanistic Insight into Effects of Axial Phosphorus Ligands. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:8615-8626. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toyotaka Nakae
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558−8585, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hirotsu
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558−8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558−8585, Japan
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34
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Wong ZC, Fan WY, Chwee TS, Sullivan MB. Using non-empirically tuned range-separated functionals with simulated emission bands to model fluorescence lifetimes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:21046-21057. [PMID: 28748247 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03418k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetimes were evaluated using TD-DFT under different approximations for the emitting molecule and various exchange-correlation functionals, such as B3LYP, BMK, CAM-B3LYP, LC-BLYP, M06, M06-2X, M11, PBE0, ωB97, ωB97X, LC-BLYP*, and ωB97X* where the range-separation parameters in the last two functionals were tuned in a non-empirical fashion. Changes in the optimised molecular geometries between the ground and electronically excited states were found to affect the quality of the calculated lifetimes significantly, while the inclusion of vibronic features led to further improvements over the assumption of a vertical electronic transition. The LC-BLYP* functional was found to return the most accurate fluorescence lifetimes with unsigned errors that are mostly within 1.5 ns of experimental values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z C Wong
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, 138632, Singapore. and NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore
| | - W Y Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - T S Chwee
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, 138632, Singapore.
| | - Michael B Sullivan
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, 138632, Singapore. and Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
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35
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Chakraborty A, Yarnell JE, Sommer RD, Roy S, Castellano FN. Excited-State Processes of Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Charge-Transfer Dimers Bridged by Hydroxypyridines. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1298-1310. [PMID: 29336558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of four anti-disposed dinuclear platinum(II) complexes featuring metal-metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MMLCT) excited states, bridged by either 2-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine or 2-hydroxy-6-phenylpyridine and cyclometalated with 7,8-benzoquinoline or 2-phenylpyridine, are presented. The 2-hydroxypyridine bridging ligands control intramolecular d8-d8 metal-metal σ interactions, affecting the frontier orbitals' electronic structure, resulting in marked changes to the ground- and excited-state properties of these complexes. Three of these molecules possess reversible one-electron oxidations in cyclic voltammetry experiments as a result of strong intramolecular metallophilic interactions. In this series of molecules, X-ray crystallography revealed Pt-Pt distances ranging between 2.815 and 2.878 Å; the former represents the shortest reported metal-metal distance for platinum(II) dimers possessing low-energy MMLCT transitions. All four molecules reported here display visible absorption bands beyond 500 nm and feature MMLCT-based red photoluminescence (PL) above 700 nm at room temperature with high PL quantum yields (up to 4%) and long excited-state lifetimes (up to 341 ns). The latter were recorded using both transient PL and transient absorption experiments that self-consistently yielded quantitatively identical excited-state lifetimes. The energy-gap law was successfully applied to this series of chromophores, documenting this behavior for the first time in molecules possessing MMLCT excited states. The combined data illustrate that entirely new classes of MMLCT chromophores can be envisioned using bridging pyridyl hydroxides in cooperation with various C^N cyclometalates to achieve photophysical properties suitable for excited-state electron- and energy-transfer chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - James E Yarnell
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Roger D Sommer
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Subhangi Roy
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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36
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Gertsen AS, Koerstz M, Mikkelsen KV. Benchmarking triplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion schemes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12182-12192. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00588e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
TD-DFT benchmark with and without the Tamm–Dancoff approximation of sensitizer/annihilator pairs relevant for triplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders S. Gertsen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø
- Denmark
| | - Mads Koerstz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø
- Denmark
| | - Kurt V. Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø
- Denmark
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37
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Han D, Gong P, Lv S, Zhao L, Zhao H. DFT/TDDFT investigation on the photophysical properties of a series of phosphorescent cyclometalated complexes based on the benchmark complex FIrpic. Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2017.1416200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deming Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Ping Gong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Shuhui Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Henan Zhao
- College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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38
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Carreño A, Solis-Céspedes E, Páez-Hernández D, Arratia-Pérez R. Exploring the geometrical and optical properties of neutral rhenium (I) tricarbonyl complex of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-diol using relativistic methods. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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39
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Xu S, Smith JET, Gozem S, Krylov AI, Weber JM. Electronic Spectra of Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)-M(II) Complex Ions in Vacuo (M = Fe and Os). Inorg Chem 2017; 56:7029-7037. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samer Gozem
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
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40
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Morello GR. Accurate prediction of emission energies with TD-DFT methods for platinum and iridium OLED materials. J Mol Model 2017; 23:174. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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41
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Abstract
Phosphorescence is a phenomenon of delayed luminescence that corresponds to the radiative decay of the molecular triplet state. As a general property of molecules, phosphorescence represents a cornerstone problem of chemical physics due to the spin prohibition of the underlying triplet-singlet emission and because its analysis embraces a deep knowledge of electronic molecular structure. Phosphorescence is the simplest physical process which provides an example of spin-forbidden transformation with a characteristic spin selectivity and magnetic field dependence, being the model also for more complicated chemical reactions and for spin catalysis applications. The bridging of the spin prohibition in phosphorescence is commonly analyzed by perturbation theory, which considers the intensity borrowing from spin-allowed electronic transitions. In this review, we highlight the basic theoretical principles and computational aspects for the estimation of various phosphorescence parameters, like intensity, radiative rate constant, lifetime, polarization, zero-field splitting, and spin sublevel population. Qualitative aspects of the phosphorescence phenomenon are discussed in terms of concepts like structure-activity relationships, donor-acceptor interactions, vibronic activity, and the role of spin-orbit coupling under charge-transfer perturbations. We illustrate the theory and principles of computational phosphorescence by highlighting studies of classical examples like molecular nitrogen and oxygen, benzene, naphthalene and their azaderivatives, porphyrins, as well as by reviewing current research on systems like electrophosphorescent transition metal complexes, nucleobases, and amino acids. We furthermore discuss modern studies of phosphorescence that cover topics of applied relevance, like the design of novel photofunctional materials for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), photovoltaic cells, chemical sensors, and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, Royal Institute of Technology , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University , 18031 Cherkasy, Ukraine
| | - Boris Minaev
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, Royal Institute of Technology , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University , 18031 Cherkasy, Ukraine
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, Royal Institute of Technology , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry, Siberian Federal University , Svobodny pr. 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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42
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Gogoi P, Mohan U, Borpuzari MP, Boruah A, Baruah SK. UV–Vis spectroscopy and density functional study of solvent effect on the charge transfer band of the n → σ* complexes of 2-Methylpyridine and 2-Chloropyridine with molecular iodine. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Kubiček K, Thekku Veedu S, Storozhuk D, Kia R, Techert S. Geometric and electronic properties in a series of phosphorescent heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes: Crystallographic and computational studies. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Jacquemin D, Duchemin I, Blondel A, Blase X. Benchmark of Bethe-Salpeter for Triplet Excited-States. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:767-783. [PMID: 28107000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated the accuracy of the Bethe-Salpeter singlet-triplet transition energies as well as singlet-triplet and triplet-triplet splittings for 20 organic molecules, using as reference the CC3 values determined by Thiel and co-workers with both the TZVP and aug-cc-pVTZ atomic basis sets. Our excitation energies are obtained on the basis of GW quasiparticle energy levels that are self-consistently converged with respect to the starting DFT eigenvalues. In its current form, BSE/GW is often unable to provide a balanced description of both singlet and triplet excited-states. While the singlet-singlet and triplet-triplet energy separations are obtained accurately, triplets are located too close in energy from the ground-state, by typically -0.55 eV when using standard functionals to generate the starting eigenstates. Applying the Tamm-Dancoff approximation upshifts the BSE triplet energies and allows reducing this error to ca. -0.40 eV, while using M06-HF eigenstates allows a further increase and hence a reduction of the error for triplet states, but at the cost of larger errors for the singlet excited-states. At this stage, the most accurate TD-DFT estimates therefore remain competitive for computing singlet-triplet transition energies. Indeed, with M06-2X, irrespective of the application or not of the Tamm-Dancoff approximation and of the selected atomic basis set, the deviations obtained with TD-DFT are rather small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire CEISAM - UMR CNR 6230, Université de Nantes , 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France.,Institut Universitaire de France , 103 bd St. Michel, 75005 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Ivan Duchemin
- INAC, SP2M/L_Sim, CEA/UJF Cedex 09, 38054 Grenoble, France.,Institut NEEL, Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Aymeric Blondel
- Laboratoire CEISAM - UMR CNR 6230, Université de Nantes , 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Xavier Blase
- Institut NEEL, Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38042 Grenoble, France.,CNRS, Institut NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France
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45
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Benchmarking singlet and triplet excitation energies of molecular semiconductors for singlet fission: Tuning the amount of HF exchange and adjusting local correlation to obtain accurate functionals for singlet–triplet gaps. Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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46
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Abe Y, Shoji M, Nishiya Y, Aiba H, Kishimoto T, Kitaura K. The reaction mechanism of sarcosine oxidase elucidated using FMO and QM/MM methods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:9811-9822. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08172j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monomeric sarcosine oxidase (MSOX) is a flavoprotein that oxidizes sarcosine to the corresponding imine product and is widely used in clinical diagnostics to test renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitsuo Shoji
- Center for Computational Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishiya
- Department of Life Science
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Setsunan University
- Neyagawa
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aiba
- Tsuruga Institute of Biotechnology
- TOYOBO Co., Ltd
- Tsuruga
- Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Kitaura
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry
- Kyoto University
- Sakyou-ku
- Japan
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47
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Czerwieniec R, Leitl MJ, Homeier HH, Yersin H. Cu(I) complexes – Thermally activated delayed fluorescence. Photophysical approach and material design. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Shafikov MZ, Kozhevnikov DN, Bodensteiner M, Brandl F, Czerwieniec R. Modulation of Intersystem Crossing Rate by Minor Ligand Modifications in Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:7457-66. [PMID: 27388146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Photophysical properties of four new platinum(II) complexes comprising extended ppy (Hppy = 2-phenylpyridine) and thpy (Hthpy = 2-(2'-thienyl)pyridine) cyclometalated ligands and acetylacetonate (acac) are reported. Substitution of the benzene ring of Pt-ppy complexes 1 and 2 with a more electron-rich thiophene of Pt-thpy complexes 3 and 4 leads to narrowing of the HOMO-LUMO gap and thus to a red shift of the lowest energy absorption band and phosphorescence band, as expected for low-energy excited states of the intraligand/metal-to-ligand charge transfer character. However, in addition to these conventional spectral shifts, another, at first unexpected, substitution effect occurs. Pt-thpy complexes 3 and 4 are dual emissive showing fluorescence about 6000 cm(-1) (∼0.75 eV) higher in energy relative to the phosphorescence band, while for Pt-ppy complexes 1 and 2 only phosphorescence is observed. For dual-emissive complexes 3 and 4, ISC rates kISC are estimated to be in order of 10(9)-10(10) s(-1), while kISC of Pt-ppy complexes 1 and 2 is much faster amounting to 10(12) s(-1) or more. The relative intensities of the fluorescence and phosphorescence signals of Pt-thpy complexes 3 and 4 depend on the excitation wavelength, showing that hyper-intersystem crossing (HISC) in these complexes is observably significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsel Z Shafikov
- Ural Federal University , Mira 19, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia.,I. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis , Ekaterinburg, 620041, Russia
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49
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Juliá F, González-Herrero P. Aromatic C-H Activation in the Triplet Excited State of Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Complexes Using Visible Light. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5276-82. [PMID: 27058394 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The visible-light driven cyclometalation of arene substrates containing an N-donor heteroaromatic moiety as directing group by monocyclometalated Pt(II) complexes is reported. Precursors of the type [PtMe(C^N)(N^CH)], where N^CH is 2-phenylpyridine (ppyH) or related compunds with diverse electronic properties and C^N is the corresponding cyclometalated ligand, afford homoleptic cis-[Pt(C^N)2] complexes upon irradiation with blue LEDs at room temperature with evolution of methane. Heteroleptic derivatives cis-[Pt(ppy)(C'^N')] are obtained analogously from [PtMe(ppy)(N'^C'H)], where N'^C'H represents an extended set of heteroaromatic compounds. Experimental and computational studies demonstrate an unprecedented C-H oxidative addition, which is initiated by a triplet excited state of metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) character and leads to a detectable Pt(IV) methyl hydride intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Juliá
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia , Apartado 4021, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Herrero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia , Apartado 4021, 30071 Murcia, Spain
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50
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Brown-Xu SE, Kelley MSJ, Fransted KA, Chakraborty A, Schatz GC, Castellano FN, Chen LX. Tunable Excited-State Properties and Dynamics as a Function of Pt–Pt Distance in Pyrazolate-Bridged Pt(II) Dimers. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:543-50. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b11233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E. Brown-Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew S. J. Kelley
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kelly A. Fransted
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Arnab Chakraborty
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - George C. Schatz
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Felix N. Castellano
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Lin X. Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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