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Wang J, Fan X, Han X, Lv K, Zhao Y, Zhao Z, Zhao D. Ultrasmall Inorganic Mesoporous Nanoparticles: Preparation, Functionalization, and Application. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312374. [PMID: 38686777 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasmall mesoporous nanoparticles (<50 nm), a unique porous nanomaterial, have been widely studied in many fields in the last decade owing to the abundant advantages, involving rich mesopores, low density, high surface area, numerous reaction sites, large cavity space, ultrasmall size, etc. This paper presents a review of recent advances in the preparation, functionalization, and applications of ultrasmall inorganic mesoporous nanoparticles for the first time. The soft monomicelles-directed method, in contrast to the hard-template and template-free methods, is more flexible in the synthesis of mesoporous nanoparticles. This is because the amphiphilic micelle has tunable functional blocks, controlled molecule masses, configurations and mesostructures. Focus on the soft micelle directing method, monomicelles could be classified into four types, i.e., the Pluronic-type block copolymer monomicelles, laboratory-synthesized amphiphilic block copolymers monomicelles, the single-molecule star-shaped block copolymer monomicelles, and the small-molecule anionic/cationic surfactant monomicelles. This paper also reviews the functionalization of the inner mesopores and the outer surfaces, which includes constructing the yolkshell structures (encapsulated nanoparticles), anchoring the active components packed on the shell and building an asymmetric Janus architecture. Then, several representative applications, involving catalysis, energy storage, and biomedicines are presented. Finally, the prospects and challenges of controlled synthesis and large-scale applications of ultrasmall mesoporous nanoparticles in the future are foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Xiankai Fan
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Kangle Lv
- College of Resources and Environment, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yujuan Zhao
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Zaiwang Zhao
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Weisany W, Yousefi S, Soufiani SP, Pashang D, McClements DJ, Ghasemlou M. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: A versatile platform for encapsulation and delivery of essential oils for food applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 325:103116. [PMID: 38430728 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are biologically active and volatile substances that have found widespread applications in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. However, there are some challenges to their commercial utilization due to their high volatility, susceptibility to degradation, and hydrophobicity. In their free form, EOs can quickly evaporate, as well as undergo degradation reactions like oxidation, isomerization, dehydrogenation, or polymerization when exposed to light, heat, or air. Encapsulating EOs within mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) could overcome these limitations and thereby broaden their usage. MSNPs may endow protection and slow-release properties to EOs, thereby extending their stability, enhancing their efficacy, and improving their dispersion in aqueous environments. This review explores and compares the design and development of different MSNP-based nanoplatforms to encapsulate, protect, and release EOs. Initially, a brief overview of the various types of available MSNPs, their properties, and their synthesis methods is given to better understand their roles as carriers for EOs. Several encapsulation technologies are then examined, including solvent-based and solvent-free methods. The suitability of each technology for EO encapsulation, as well as its impact on their stability and release, is discussed in detail. Opportunities and challenges for using EO-loaded MSNPs as preservatives, flavor enhancers, and antimicrobial agents in the food industry are then highlighted. Overall, this review aims to bridge a knowledge gap by providing a thorough understanding of EO encapsulation within MSNPs, which should facilitate the application of this technology in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weria Weisany
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shima Yousefi
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Pourbarghi Soufiani
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Danial Pashang
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - David Julian McClements
- Biopolymers & Colloids Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia.
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Djayanti K, Maharjan P, Cho KH, Jeong S, Kim MS, Shin MC, Min KA. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a Potential Nanoplatform: Therapeutic Applications and Considerations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076349. [PMID: 37047329 PMCID: PMC10094416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With advances in nanotechnology, nanoparticles have come to be regarded as carriers of therapeutic agents and have been widely studied to overcome various diseases in the biomedical field. Among these particles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been investigated as potential nanocarriers to deliver drug molecules to various target sites in the body. This review introduces the physicochemical properties of MSNs and synthesis procedures of MSN-based nanoplatforms. Moreover, we focus on updating biomedical applications of MSNs as a carrier of therapeutic or diagnostic cargo and review clinical trials using silica-nanoparticle-based systems. Herein, on the one hand, we pay attention to the pharmaceutical advantages of MSNs, including nanometer particle size, high surface area, and porous structures, thus enabling efficient delivery of high drug-loading content. On the other hand, we look through biosafety and toxicity issues associated with MSN-based platforms. Based on many reports so far, MSNs have been widely applied to construct tissue engineering platforms as well as treat various diseases, including cancer, by surface functionalization or incorporation of stimuli-responsive components. However, even with the advantageous aspects that MSNs possess, there are still considerations, such as optimizing physicochemical properties or dosage regimens, regarding use of MSNs in clinics. Progress in synthesis procedures and scale-up production as well as a thorough investigation into the biosafety of MSNs would enable design of innovative and safe MSN-based platforms in biomedical fields.
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Alvarez-Fernandez A, Fornerod MJ, Reid B, Guldin S. Solvent Vapor Annealing for Controlled Pore Expansion of Block Copolymer-Assembled Inorganic Mesoporous Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3297-3304. [PMID: 35235337 PMCID: PMC9097528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous inorganic thin films are promising materials architectures for a variety of high-value applications, ranging from optical coatings and purification membranes to sensing and energy storage devices. Having precise control over the structural parameters of the porous network is crucial for broadening their applicability. To this end, the use of block copolymers (BCP) as sacrificial structure-directing agents via micelle coassembly is a particularly attractive route, since the resultant pore size is directly related to scaling laws for the radius of gyration of the pore-forming macromolecule. However, tailoring the molecular weight of the BCP via bespoke synthesis is an elaborate process that requires precise control over highly sensitive reactions conditions. Alternative methods have emerged, based on supramolecular assembly or the addition of different swelling agents. Nevertheleses, to date, these present a negative impact on the structural order and pore size dispersity of the final inorganic mesoporous films. In this work, we propose a novel and effective method for control over pore size, porosity, and structural order, which relies on a synergistic combination of BCP selective swelling via solvent vapor annealing (SVA) and locking of the structure by condensation of the inorganic sol-gel precursors. The results obtained in this work for TiO2 establish SVA as a new, straightforward, simple, and powerful route for the fabrication of mesoporous thin-film materials with controllable structural characteristics.
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Saenz F, Ronchi A, Mauri M, Kiebala D, Monguzzi A, Weder C. Block Copolymer Stabilized Liquid Nanodroplets Facilitate Efficient Triplet Fusion-Based Photon Upconversion in Solid Polymer Matrices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:43314-43322. [PMID: 34459603 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation-based photon upconversion is a photophysical process that affords anti-Stokes-shifted emission after annihilation of two metastable triplet excitons of an emitter dye and the formation of a fluorescent singlet state. While this process readily occurs in solutions under conditions where the mobility of the dye molecules is high, particular architectures are required to facilitate efficient energy transfers in solid polymers. One possibility is to incorporate liquid upconverting domains into solid polymer matrices. Another possibility is to reduce the intermolecular distance between the dyes below the Dexter radius, allowing exciton migration via triplet hopping. We introduce herein nanostructured materials that combine both of these features. These glassy nanostructured polymer systems contain liquid upconverting nanodroplets that are stabilized with a block copolymer surfactant and are fabricated under ambient conditions in a facile one-step protocol. The dyes concentrate in the nanostructured liquid domains, and this enables hopping-mediated ET and TTA between the dyes and leads to an upconversion efficiency of ∼20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Saenz
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Ronchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Mauri
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Derek Kiebala
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Angelo Monguzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Muraguchi R, Futagami W, Hakoshima Y, Awaya K, Ida S. Preparation and Properties of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Antireflection Films Made by a Low-Temperature Process Using Hollow Silica Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:8570-8577. [PMID: 33817517 PMCID: PMC8015096 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Layers made of hollow silica nanoparticles have potential applications as antireflection films with lower refractive index values compared with existing materials such as silica glass (1.50) and magnesium fluoride (1.38). The advantages of such nanoparticles result from interactions between the solid shell, the cavity phase core, and the voids between particles. To obtain practical antireflection films, it is necessary to control the number of layers of these hollow silica nanoparticles and to fill the gaps between particles with a solid. In the present study, antireflection films were prepared by applying a coating of hollow silica nanoparticles dispersed in a UV-curable monomer solution onto plastic substrates. After film formation and exposure to UV light, the voids between the nanoparticles were completely filled with a polymer matrix. Tuning the particle concentration in the coating solution allowed the formation of antireflection films comprising one to three layers of the hollow silica nanoparticles. The reflectance of the films was dependent on the number of layers, and a 100 nm thick film in which two layers of hollow silica nanoparticles were precisely arranged showed the lowest reflectance of 0.92% at 550 nm wavelength, equivalent to a refractive index of 1.23. Because the voids between particles were filled with the polymer, these films resisted contamination during manual handling and so would be expected to maintain low reflectance during practical applications. This work demonstrates that nanosized inorganic-organic hybrid films composed of hollow silica nanoparticles and a UV-curable resin can exhibit optical properties and structural integrity that cannot be achieved by either substance alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Muraguchi
- Institute
of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- Fine
Chemicals Research Center, JGC Catalysts
and Chemicals Ltd., 13-2, Kitaminato-machi, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0027, Japan
| | - Wataru Futagami
- Fine
Chemicals Research Center, JGC Catalysts
and Chemicals Ltd., 13-2, Kitaminato-machi, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0027, Japan
| | - Yuko Hakoshima
- Fine
Chemicals Research Center, JGC Catalysts
and Chemicals Ltd., 13-2, Kitaminato-machi, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0027, Japan
| | - Keisuke Awaya
- Institute
of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ida
- Institute
of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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Pal N, Lee JH, Cho EB. Recent Trends in Morphology-Controlled Synthesis and Application of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2122. [PMID: 33113856 PMCID: PMC7692592 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The outstanding journey towards the investigation of mesoporous materials commences with the discovery of high surface area porous silica materials, named MCM-41 (Mobil Composition of Matter-41) according to the inventors' name Mobile scientists in the United States. Based on a self-assembled supramolecular templating mechanism, the synthesis of mesoporous silica has extended to wide varieties of silica categories along with versatile applications of all these types in many fields. These silica families have some extraordinary structural features, like highly tunable nanoscale sized pore diameter, good Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas, good flexibility to accommodate different organic and inorganic functional groups, metals etc., onto their surface. As a consequence, thousands of scientists and researchers throughout the world have reported numerous silica materials in the form of published articles, communication, reviews, etc. Beside this, attention is also given to the morphology-oriented synthesis of silica nanoparticles and their significant effects on the emerging fields of study like catalysis, energy applications, sensing, environmental, and biomedical research. This review highlights a consolidated overview of those morphology-based mesoporous silica particles, emphasizing their syntheses and potential role in many promising fields of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Pal
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad 500075, India;
| | - Jun-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea;
| | - Eun-Bum Cho
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea;
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Alvarez-Fernandez A, Reid B, Suthar J, Choy SY, Jara Fornerod M, Mac Fhionnlaoich N, Yang L, Schmidt-Hansberg B, Guldin S. Fractionation of block copolymers for pore size control and reduced dispersity in mesoporous inorganic thin films. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:18455-18462. [PMID: 32941587 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05132b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous inorganic thin films are promising materials architectures for a variety of applications, including sensing, catalysis, protective coatings, energy generation and storage. In many cases, precise control over a bicontinuous porous network on the 10 nm length scale is crucial for their operation. A particularly promising route for structure formation utilizes block copolymer (BCP) micelles in solution as sacrificial structure-directing agents for the co-assembly of inorganic precursors. This method offers pore size control via the molecular weight of the pore forming block and is compatible with a broad materials library. On the other hand, the molecular weight dependence impedes continuous pore tuning and the intrinsic polymer dispersity presents challenges to the pore size homogeneity. To this end, we demonstrate how chromatographic fractionation of BCPs provides a powerful method to control the pore size and dispersity of the resulting mesoporous thin films. We apply a semi-preparative size exclusion chromatographic fractionation to a polydisperse poly(isobutylene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PIB-b-PEO) BCP obtained from scaled-up synthesis. The isolation of BCP fractions with distinct molecular weight and narrowed dispersity allowed us to not only tune the characteristic pore size from 9.1 ± 1.5 to 14.1 ± 2.1 nm with the identical BCP source material, but also significantly reduce the pore size dispersity compared to the non-fractionated BCP. Our findings offer a route to obtain a library of monodisperse BCPs from a polydisperse feedstock and provide important insights on the direct relationship between macromolecular characteristics and the resulting structure-directed mesopores, in particular related to dispersity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Alvarez-Fernandez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
| | - Barry Reid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
| | - Jugal Suthar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK. and UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Swan Yia Choy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
| | - Maximiliano Jara Fornerod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
| | - Niamh Mac Fhionnlaoich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
| | - Lixu Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
| | - Benjamin Schmidt-Hansberg
- BASF SE, Process Research & Chemical Engineering, Coating & Film Processing, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Stefan Guldin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
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Reid B, Alvarez-Fernandez A, Schmidt-Hansberg B, Guldin S. Tuning Pore Dimensions of Mesoporous Inorganic Films by Homopolymer Swelling. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:14074-14082. [PMID: 31577151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The functionality and applications of mesoporous inorganic films are closely linked to their mesopore dimensions. For material architectures derived from a block copolymer (BCP) micelle coassembly, the pore size is typically manipulated by changing the molecular weight corresponding to the pore-forming block. However, bespoke BCP synthesis is often a costly and time-consuming process. An alternative method for pore size tuning involves the use of swelling agents, such as homopolymers (HPs), which selectively interact with the core-forming block to increase the micelle size in solution. In this work, poly(isobutylene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) micelles were swollen with poly(isobutylene) HP in solution and coassembled with aluminosilicate sol with the aim of increasing the resulting pore dimensions. An analytical approach implementing spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and ellipsometric porosimetry (EP) alongside atomic force microscopy (AFM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in transmission and grazing-incidence (GISAXS) modes enabled us to study the material evolution from solution processing through the manifestation of the mesoporous inorganic film after BCP removal. The in-depth SE/EP analysis evidenced an increase of more than 45% in mesopore diameter with HP swelling and a consistent scaling of the overall void volume and number of pores. Importantly, our analytical toolbox enabled us to study the effect of swelling on the connecting necks between adjacent pores, with observed increases as high as ≈35%, offering novel pathways to sensing, electrochemical, and other mass-transfer-dependent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Reid
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University College London , Torrington Place , London WC1E 7JE , U.K
| | - Alberto Alvarez-Fernandez
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University College London , Torrington Place , London WC1E 7JE , U.K
| | - Benjamin Schmidt-Hansberg
- BASF SE, Process Research & Chemical Engineering, Coating & Film Processing , Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38 , 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein , Germany
| | - Stefan Guldin
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University College London , Torrington Place , London WC1E 7JE , U.K
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Ke F, Yi J, Zhang S, Zhou S, Ravikovitch PI, Kruk M. Structures and dimensions of micelle-templated nanoporous silicas derived from swollen spherical micelles of temperature-dependent size. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 544:312-320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Niu D, Li Y, Shi J. Silica/organosilica cross-linked block copolymer micelles: a versatile theranostic platform. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:569-585. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00495d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Silica/organosilica cross-linked block copolymer micelles are a novel class of hybrid materials that combine the advantages of amphiphilic block copolymers and silica/organosilica cross-linking agents into one unit. This Tutorial Review summarizes the recent progress in the design, synthesis and biomedical applications of various silica/organosilica cross-linked block copolymer micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Niu
- Lab of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Lab of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Jianlin Shi
- Lab of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
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Manchanda AS, Kruk M. Synthesis of Xylylene-Bridged Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas and Related Hollow Spherical Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:900-908. [PMID: 26714054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A variety of organosilicas with p-xylylene bridging groups in the framework were synthesized using Pluronic F127 triblock copolymer as a micellar template under moderately acidic conditions in the presence of xylene as a micelle swelling agent. The resulting materials were characterized by using nitrogen adsorption, small-angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and (29)Si and (13)C cross-polarization magic angle spinning NMR. As the ratio of the organosilica precursor to Pluronic F127 was decreased, the structure evolved from highly ordered periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) to weakly ordered PMO, loosely aggregated hollow organosilica nanospheres, and finally to a significantly aggregated disordered structure. The highly ordered PMO with primarily face-centered cubic structure was effectively a closed-pore material. However, the weakly ordered variant exhibited large-diameter (∼15 nm) spherical mesopores, which were accessible after calcination under appropriate conditions or after extraction. The hollow nanospheres had readily accessible, uniform inner cavities whose size was readily tunable by adjusting the amount of the swelling agent used. It was also possible to convert the organosilica nanospheres into hollow silica nanospheres with inaccessible (closed) mesopores. The formation of distinct well-defined morphologies with spherical mesopores for an organosilica with large bridging groups in the framework shows that block-copolymer-surfactant templating is a powerful and versatile method for controlling the nanoscale structures of these remarkable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanpreet S Manchanda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, City University of New York , 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island New York 10314, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of City University of New York , 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Michal Kruk
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, City University of New York , 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island New York 10314, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of City University of New York , 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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Novel Mesoporous Silica Materials with Hierarchically Ordered Nanochannel: Synthesis with the Assistance of Straight-Chain Alkanes and Application. J CHEM-NY 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/5146573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The straight-chain alkane-assisted synthesis of hierarchical mesoporous silica materials (MSM) results in variable mesostructures and morphologies due to remarkably different self-assembly routes of template agent from those without the assistance of straight-chain alkanes. The textural properties, particularly pore size, channel structure, morphology, and hierarchical structure of those MSM make them demonstrate peculiar effects in the immobilization of homogeneous catalysts.
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