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Banuprasad TN, DasGupta S, Chakraborty S. Thermally Programmable Dynamic Capillarity in Nanofluidic Channels Grafted with Smart Elastomeric Layers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201691. [PMID: 36287095 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates thermally programmable dynamic capillarity in exclusively engineered nanochannels functionalized by grafted smart elastomeric layers onto their inner surfaces. Tunable control of the capillarity is observed over the temperature window of 25-31 °C, deciphering the possibility of a sevenfold alteration in the rate of capillary flow. A simple theory explains the confluence of viscous and capillary interactions as mediated by the non-trivial interplay of the substrate wettability, confinement-induced surface layering of molecules, and thermally activated modulation of surface tension, to bring out this intriguing effect. The technology is demonstrated to be completely reconfigurable over the intended spatial and temporal regimes, via selective grafting of the channel surface and preferential choice of the activation temperature. Such favorable features as opposed to more complex yet non-reconfigurable flow manipulation strategies previously reported are likely to open up new possibilities of highly precise controlled nanofluidic manipulation of temperature-sensitive biological samples and chemical species on-demand, for applications ranging from biomedical technologies to energy harvesting and water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunando DasGupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
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Morikawa K, Kazumi H, Tsuyama Y, Ohta R, Kitamori T. Surface Patterning of Closed Nanochannel Using VUV Light and Surface Evaluation by Streaming Current. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12111367. [PMID: 34832779 PMCID: PMC8623798 DOI: 10.3390/mi12111367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In nanofluidics, surface control is a critical technology because nanospaces are surface-governed spaces as a consequence of their extremely high surface-to-volume ratio. Various surface patterning methods have been developed, including patterning on an open substrate and patterning using a liquid modifier in microchannels. However, the surface patterning of a closed nanochannel is difficult. In addition, the surface evaluation of closed nanochannels is difficult because of a lack of appropriate experimental tools. In this study, we verified the surface patterning of a closed nanochannel by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light and evaluated the surface using streaming-current measurements. First, the C18 modification of closed nanochannels was confirmed by Laplace pressure measurements. In addition, no streaming-current signal was detected for the C18-modified surface, confirming the successful modification of the nanochannel surface with C18 groups. The C18 groups were subsequently decomposed by VUV light, and the nanochannel surface became hydrophilic because of the presence of silanol groups. In streaming-current measurements, the current signals increased in amplitude with increasing VUV light irradiation time, indicating the decomposition of the C18 groups on the closed nanochannel surfaces. Finally, hydrophilic/hydrophobic patterning by VUV light was performed in a nanochannel. Capillary filling experiments confirmed the presence of a hydrophilic/hydrophobic interface. Therefore, VUV patterning in a closed nanochannel was demonstrated, and the surface of a closed nanochannel was successfully evaluated using streaming-current measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyojiro Morikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (H.K.); (R.O.)
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Haruki Kazumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (H.K.); (R.O.)
| | - Yoshiyuki Tsuyama
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan;
| | - Ryoichi Ohta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (H.K.); (R.O.)
| | - Takehiko Kitamori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (H.K.); (R.O.)
- Collaborative Research Organization for Micro and Nano Multifunctional Devices (NMfD), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems (iNEMS), Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (T.K.)
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Zou A, Poudel S, Gupta M, Maroo SC. Disjoining Pressure of Water in Nanochannels. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7769-7774. [PMID: 34460251 PMCID: PMC8461650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The disjoining pressure of water was estimated from wicking experiments in 1D silicon dioxide nanochannels of heights of 59, 87, 124, and 1015 nm. The disjoining pressure was found to be as high as ∼1.5 MPa while exponentially decreasing with increasing channel height. Such a relation resulting from the curve fitting of experimentally derived data was implemented and validated in computational fluid dynamics. The implementation was then used to simulate bubble nucleation in a water-filled 59 nm nanochannel to determine the nucleation temperature. Simultaneously, experiments were conducted by nucleating a bubble in a similar 58 nm nanochannel by laser heating. The measured nucleation temperature was found to be in excellent agreement with the simulation, thus independently validating the disjoining pressure relation developed in this work. The methodology implemented here integrates experimental nanoscale physics into continuum simulations thus enabling numerical study of various phenomena where disjoining pressure plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Zou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Sajag Poudel
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Manish Gupta
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Shalabh C. Maroo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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Soum V, Park S, Brilian AI, Choi JY, Lee Y, Kim W, Kwon OS, Shin K. Quantitatively controllable fluid flows with ballpoint-pen-printed patterns for programmable photo-paper-based microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1601-1611. [PMID: 32249884 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00115e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Regulating the fluid flow in microfluidic devices enables a wide range of assay protocols for analytical applications. A programmable, photo-paper-based microfluidic device fabricated by using a method of cutting and laminating, followed by printing, is reported. The flow distance of fluid in the photo-paper-based channel was linearly proportional to time. By printing silver nanoparticle (AgNP) and poly[4,5-difluoro-2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxole-co-tetrafluoroethylene] (PTFE) patterns on the surface of a photo-paper-based channel, we were able to either increase or decrease the fluid flow in the fabricated microfluidic devices, while maintaining the linearity in the flow distance-time relation. In comparison to the speed of fluid flow in a pristine channel, by using hydrophilic AgNP patterns, we were able to increase the speed in the channel by up to 15 times while we were able to slow the speed by a factor of 3 when using hydrophobic PTFE dots. We then further demonstrated a single-step protocol for detecting glucose and a multi-step protocol for detecting methyl paraoxon (MPO) with our methods in photo-paper-based microfluidic devices. This approach can lead to improved fluid handling techniques to achieve a wide range of complex, but programmable, assays without the need for any additional auxiliary devices for automated operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veasna Soum
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea.
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Sarah K, Ulrich H. Short timescale wetting and penetration on porous sheets measured with ultrasound, direct absorption and contact angle. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12861-12869. [PMID: 35541263 PMCID: PMC9079626 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01434e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study the short timescale penetration and spreading of liquids on porous sheets is investigated. Three measurement techniques are evaluated: ultrasonic liquid penetration measurement (ULP), contact angle measurement (CA) and scanning absorptiometry (SA). With each of these techniques liquid penetration as well as surface wetting can be measured. A quantitative comparison between the methods is carried out. For our studies we are using model liquids with tuneable surface tension, viscosity and surface energy which are the governing parameters for pore flow according to the Lucas–Washburn equation. Scanning absorptiometry turns out to be an adequate tool for direct measurement for liquid penetration. Ultrasonic liquid penetration showed a stable correlation (R2 = 0.70) to SA and thus also gives a suitable indication on the liquid penetration behaviour. Absorption of individual microliter drops measured in the CA instrument showed different results than the other two measurements. For characterisation of the wetting behaviour the measurement techniques gave substantially different results. We thus conclude that ULP and SA do not capture the wetting behaviour of liquids on paper in the same way as conventional contact angle measurement, it is unclear if their results are meaningful. Finally we are proposing two parameters indicating a combination of liquid penetration and wetting, the slope of the contact angle over time dθ/dt and a contact angle calculated from SA. These two parameters are moderately correlated, supporting the idea that they are indeed capturing a combination of liquid penetration and wetting. While our investigations are restricted to paper, we believe that the methods investigated here are generally applicable to study liquid absorption in thin porous media like microfluidic paper based analytical devices, thin porous storage media, membranes and the like. Our findings are highlighting the importance to have a match in timescale (time for penetration and wetting) and size scale (liquid amount supplied) between the testing method and the actual use case of the material, when analyzing wetting and penetration on porous materials. Liquid penetration and wetting on thin, porous media is studied using three different measurement methods, and using testing liquids with tailored viscosity, polarity and surface tension.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Krainer Sarah
- Institute of Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology
- TU Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- CD Laboratory for Fiber Swelling and Paper Performance
| | - Hirn Ulrich
- Institute of Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology
- TU Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- CD Laboratory for Fiber Swelling and Paper Performance
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