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Freitas Paiva M, Sadula S, Vlachos DG, Wojcieszak R, Vanhove G, Bellot Noronha F. Advancing Lignocellulosic Biomass Fractionation through Molten Salt Hydrates: Catalyst-Enhanced Pretreatment for Sustainable Biorefineries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400396. [PMID: 38872421 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Developing a process that performs the lignocellulosic biomass fractionation under milder conditions simultaneously with the depolymerization and/or the upgrading of all fractions is fundamental for the economic viability of future lignin-first biorefineries. The molten salt hydrates (MSH) with homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts are a potential alternative to biomass pretreatment that promotes cellulose's dissolution and its conversion to different platform molecules while keeping the lignin reactivity. This review investigates the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass using MSH to produce chemicals and fuels. First, the MSH properties and applications are discussed. In particular, the use of MSH in cellulose dissolution and hydrolysis for producing high-value chemicals and fuels is presented. Then, the biomass treatment with MSH is discussed. Different strategies for preventing sugar degradation, such as biphasic media, adsorbents, and precipitation, are contrasted. The potential for valorizing isolated lignin from the pretreatment with MSH is debated. Finally, challenges and limitations in utilizing MSH for biomass valorization are discussed, and future developments are presented. Cellulose Avicel®PH-101 ZnCl2 ⋅ 4H2O, ZnBr2 ⋅ 4H2O, LiCl ⋅ 8H2O, LiBr ⋅ 4H2O H2SO4, (0.2 M); H3PW12O40 (0.067 M); H4SiW12O40 (0.05 M) T (145-175 °C); Time (30-120 min) Organic solvent (MIBK) LA (94 %) and HMF (3.4 %) Dissolution time: ZnBr2 ⋅ 4H2O<>2O<>2 ⋅ 4H2O<>2O; The highest conversion of pretreated cellulose and yield of glucose were obtained with ZnBr2 ⋅ 4H2O (88 % and 80 %, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Freitas Paiva
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR, 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France
- UMR 8522 - PC2 A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, Univ. Lille, CNRS, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sunitha Sadula
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150/221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Dionisios G Vlachos
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150/221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Robert Wojcieszak
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR, 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France
- L2CM UMR 7053, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, F-5400, Nancy, France
| | - Guillaume Vanhove
- UMR 8522 - PC2 A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, Univ. Lille, CNRS, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Fábio Bellot Noronha
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR, 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France
- National Institute of Technology, Catalysis, Biocatalysis and Chemical Processes Division, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20081-312, Brazil
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Zhang T, Wei H, Xiao H, Li W, Jin Y, Wei W, Wu S. Advance in constructing acid catalyst-solvent combinations for efficient transformation of glucose into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bodachivskyi I, Kuzhiumparambil U, Williams DBG. Acid-Catalysed Conversion of Carbohydrates into Furan-Type Molecules in Zinc Chloride Hydrate. Chempluschem 2020; 84:352-357. [PMID: 31939212 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Acid-catalysed conversion of biomass, specifically cellulose, holds promise to create value-added, renewable replacements for many petrochemical products. We investigated an unusual acid-catalysed transformation of cellulose and cellobiose in the biphasic solvent system zinc chloride hydrate (ionic liquid)/anisole. Here, furyl hydroxymethyl ketone and furfural are obtained as major products, which are valuable but less commonly formed in high yields in transformations of cellulosic substrates. We explored this chemistry in small-scale model reactions and applied the optimised methods to the conversion of cellulose in bench-scale processes. The optimum reaction system and preferred reaction conditions are defined to select for highly desirable furanoid products in the highest known yields (up to 46 %) directly from cellulose or cellobiose. The method avoids the use of added catalysts: the ionic solvent zinc chloride hydrate possesses the intrinsic acidity required for the hydrolysis and chemical transformation steps. The process involves inexpensive media for the catalytic conversion of cellulose into high-value products under mild processing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iurii Bodachivskyi
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Broadway NSW 2007, PO Box 123 Broadway NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster (C3), Broadway NSW 2007, PO Box 123 Broadway NSW 2007, Australia
| | - D Bradley G Williams
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Broadway NSW 2007, PO Box 123 Broadway NSW 2007, Australia
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Faba L, Garcés D, Díaz E, Ordóñez S. Carbon Materials as Phase-Transfer Promoters for Obtaining 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Cellulose in a Biphasic System. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3769-3777. [PMID: 31240829 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Different carbonaceous materials were tested as mass-transfer promoters for increasing the yield of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) in biphasic cellulose hydrolysis. The benefits of working with a biphasic system (water/methyl isobutyl ketone) under soft acid conditions were taken as starting point (no humins or levulinic acid production), with slow extraction kinetics as the weakest point of this approach. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and activated carbon (AC) were proposed to improve 5-HMF liquid-liquid mass transfer. A kinetic analysis of the extraction process indicated the competition between 5-HMF and glucose adsorption as the main cause of the poor results obtained with AC. In contrast, very promising results were obtained with CNTs, mainly at 1.5 wt % loading, with complete transfer of HMF and a high global mass-transfer coefficient. The use of CNTs improved the amount of 5-HMF in the organic phase by more than 270 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Faba
- CRC Research Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Diego Garcés
- CRC Research Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Díaz
- CRC Research Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Salvador Ordóñez
- CRC Research Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
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Bodachivskyi I, Kuzhiumparambil U, Williams DBG. The role of the molecular formula of ZnCl2·nH2O on its catalyst activity: a systematic study of zinc chloride hydrates in the catalytic valorisation of cellulosic biomass. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00846b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We show the efficient and direct transformation of a range of low value cellulosic substrates such as lignocellulose and algal biomass, into higher value chemicals, including low molecular weight reducing saccharides and furanoid products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iurii Bodachivskyi
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- University of Technology Sydney
- Sydney
- Australia
| | | | - D. Bradley G. Williams
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- University of Technology Sydney
- Sydney
- Australia
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Parameswaram G, Roy S. A novel microwave-assisted hydrothermal route for the synthesis of Zn x TPA/γ-Al 2O 3 for conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. RSC Adv 2018; 8:28461-28471. [PMID: 35542478 PMCID: PMC9084178 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05077e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy-efficient and sustainable processes for the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from carbohydrates are in high demand. Bivalent ion-exchanged microwave-synthesized Zn x TPA/γ-Al2O3 was employed for the direct conversion of carbohydrates into HMF. The as-synthesized samples were structurally characterized by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis diffused reflectance spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Thermal characterization was performed by TG-DTA. The surface morphology was analysed by FE-SEM, and surface area analysis was performed. The surface acidities of the as-synthesized catalysts were elucidated by pyridine FTIR spectra and NH3-TPD. The catalytic performance was thoroughly studied as a function of Zn2+ doping, reaction temperature, catalysts loading, and effect of solvents. Microwave-synthesized Zn0.5TPA/γ-Al2O3 exhibited excellent catalytic fructose dehydration, with 88% HMF yield at 120 °C for 2 h. The surface Brønsted acidity was found to be crucial for optimum catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Parameswaram
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal Hyderabad 500078 Telangana India
| | - Sounak Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal Hyderabad 500078 Telangana India
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Bodachivskyi I, Kuzhiumparambil U, Williams DBG. Acid-Catalyzed Conversion of Carbohydrates into Value-Added Small Molecules in Aqueous Media and Ionic Liquids. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:642-660. [PMID: 29250912 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201702016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomass is the only realistic major alternative source (to crude oil) of hydrocarbon substrates for the commercial synthesis of bulk and fine chemicals. Within biomass, terrestrial sources are the most accessible, and therein lignocellulosic materials are most abundant. Although lignin shows promise for the delivery of certain types of organic molecules, cellulose is a biopolymer with significant potential for conversion into high-volume and high-value chemicals. This review covers the acid-catalyzed conversion of lower value (poly)carbohydrates into valorized organic building-block chemicals (platform molecules). It focuses on those conversions performed in aqueous media or ionic liquids to provide the reader with a perspective on what can be considered a best case scenario, that is, that the overall process is as sustainable as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iurii Bodachivskyi
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123 Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | | | - D Bradley G Williams
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123 Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Duan Y, Zhang J, Li D, Deng D, Ma LF, Yang Y. Direct conversion of carbohydrates to diol by the combination of niobic acid and a hydrophobic ruthenium catalyst. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03939e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of carbohydrates were converted to tetrahydro-2,5-furandimethanol in one step by the combination of Ru/SiO2-TM and Nb2O5-FP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Duan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Material
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Luoyang Normal University
- Luoyang 471934
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Material
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Luoyang Normal University
- Luoyang 471934
- P. R. China
| | - Dongmi Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Material
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Luoyang Normal University
- Luoyang 471934
- P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Deng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Material
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Luoyang Normal University
- Luoyang 471934
- P. R. China
| | - Lu-Fang Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Material
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Luoyang Normal University
- Luoyang 471934
- P. R. China
| | - Yanliang Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Material
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Luoyang Normal University
- Luoyang 471934
- P. R. China
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