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Zhou Y, Liu W, Zhang S, Liu H, Wu Z, Wang X. Eco-Friendly Flame-Retardant Phase-Change Composite Films Based on Polyphosphazene/Phosphorene Hybrid Foam and Paraffin Wax for Light/Heat-Dual-Actuated Shape Memory. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7754-7767. [PMID: 38306229 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Multiactuated shape memory materials are a class of promising intelligent materials that have received great interest in the fields of self-healing, anticounterfeiting, biomedical, soft robotic, and smart thermal management applications. To obtain a light/heat-dual-actuated shape memory material for thermal management applications in fire safety, we have designed a type of halogen-free flame-retardant phase-change composite film based on polyaryloxyphosphazene (PDAP)/phosphorene (PR) hybrid foam as a support material and paraffin wax (PW) as a phase-change material (PCM). PDAP was synthesized as a flexible foam matrix through the ring-opening polymerization of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, followed by a substitution reaction of aryloxy groups. The porosity of the PDAP foam is improved by introducing PR nanosheets, facilitating a high latent heat capacity of the PDAP-PR/PW composite films for thermal management applications. The PDAP-PR/PW composite films can implement rapid shape recovery within 65 s in the heating process, which is much shorter than that of the corresponding film without PR nanosheets (185 s). Furthermore, the PDAP-PR/PW composite films also exhibit light-actuated shape memory behavior thanks to their good solar-to-thermal energy absorption and conversion contributed by PR nanosheets as a highly effective photothermal material. More importantly, the presence of PR nanosheets imparts an excellent flame-retardant property to the PDAP-PR/PW composite films. The PDAP-PR/PW composite film can be self-extinguished within 2 s after the flame. Through an innovative integration of flexible polyphosphazene foam, PR nanosheets, and solid-liquid PCM to obtain a sensitive actuating response to light and heat, this study offers a new approach for developing multiactuated and eco-friendly flame-retardant shape memory materials to meet the requirement of applications with a requirement of fire safety in soft actuators, thermal therapy, control devices, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuangkun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhanpeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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2
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Rostami-Tapeh-Esmaeil E, Rodrigue D. Morphological, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Rubber Foams: A Review Based on Recent Investigations. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1934. [PMID: 36903049 PMCID: PMC10004622 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
During recent decades, rubber foams have found their way into several areas of the modern world because these materials have interesting properties such as high flexibility, elasticity, deformability (especially at low temperature), resistance to abrasion and energy absorption (damping properties). Therefore, they are widely used in automobiles, aeronautics, packaging, medicine, construction, etc. In general, the mechanical, physical and thermal properties are related to the foam's structural features, including porosity, cell size, cell shape and cell density. To control these morphological properties, several parameters related to the formulation and processing conditions are important, including foaming agents, matrix, nanofillers, temperature and pressure. In this review, the morphological, physical and mechanical properties of rubber foams are discussed and compared based on recent studies to present a basic overview of these materials depending on their final application. Openings for future developments are also presented.
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3
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Tang W, Liao X, Shi S, Wang B, Lv C, Zou F, Li G. Significantly Enhanced Porosity of Silicone Rubber Nanocomposite Foams via Cross-Linking Structure Regulation and Heterogeneous Nucleation by CNTs for Promising Ultralow- k Dielectrics. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Tang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xia Liao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shaozhe Shi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Cuifang Lv
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Fangfang Zou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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4
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Fabrication of lightweight flexible thermoplastic polyurethane/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composite foams for adjustable frequency-selective electromagnetic interference shielding by supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Wang M, Chen W, Luo S, Zhou Y, Lei Y, Liu T. Effects of
scCO
2
foaming process and post‐vulcanization method on cellular structure, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of
PMVQ
foams. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang China
- Material Science and Engineering College Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang China
| | - Wenyan Chen
- Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang China
| | - Shikai Luo
- Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang China
- Material Science and Engineering College Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang China
| | - Yuanlin Zhou
- Material Science and Engineering College Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang China
| | - Yajie Lei
- Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang China
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Natural Rubber Blend Optimization via Data-Driven Modeling: The Implementation for Reverse Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112262. [PMID: 35683934 PMCID: PMC9183135 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber formulation methodologies implemented within industry primarily implicate a high dependence on the formulator’s experience as it involves an educated guess-and-check process. The formulator must leverage their experience to ensure that the number of iterations to the final blend composition is minimized. The study presented in this paper includes the implementation of blend formulation methodology that targets material properties relevant to the application in which the product will be used by incorporating predictive models, including linear regression, response surface method (RSM), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and Gaussian process regression (GPR). Training of such models requires data, which is equal to financial resources in industry. To ensure minimum experimental effort, the dataset is kept small, and the model complexity is kept simple, and as a proof of concept, the predictive models are used to reverse engineer a current material used in the footwear industry based on target viscoelastic properties (relaxation behavior, tanδ, and hardness), which all depend on the amount of crosslinker, plasticizer, and the quantity of voids used to create the lightweight high-performance material. RSM, ANN, and GPR result in prediction accuracy of 90%, 97%, and 100%, respectively. It is evident that the testing accuracy increases with algorithm complexity; therefore, these methodologies provide a wide range of tools capable of predicting compound formulation based on specified target properties, and with a wide range of complexity.
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Li S, Liao X, Xiao W, Jiang Q, Li G. The improved foaming behavior of PLA caused by the enhanced rheology properties and crystallization behavior via synergistic effect of carbon nanotubes and graphene. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xia Liao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Qiuyue Jiang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
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8
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Cellular structure design by controlling the dissolution and diffusion behavior of gases in silicon rubber. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Zhu J, Li X, Weng Y, Tan B, Zhang S. Fabrication of microcellular epoxidized natural rubber foam with superior ductility by designable chemical and physical crosslinking networks. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Effect of Vulcanization and CO 2 Plasticization on Cell Morphology of Silicone Rubber in Temperature Rise Foaming Process. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193384. [PMID: 34641199 PMCID: PMC8512402 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Both vulcanization reaction and CO2 plasticization play key roles in the temperature rise foaming process of silicone rubber. The chosen methyl-vinyl silicone rubber system with a pre-vulcanization degree of 36% had proper crosslinked networks, which not only could ensure enough polymer matrix strength to avoid bubble rupture but also had enough dissolved CO2 content in silicone rubber for induced bubble nucleation. The CO2 diffusion and further vulcanization reaction occur simultaneously in the CO2 plasticized polymer during bubble nucleation and growth. The dissolved CO2 in the pre-vulcanized silicone rubber caused a temperature delay to start while accelerating further vulcanization reactions, but the lower viscoelasticity caused by either CO2 plasticization or fewer crosslinking networks was still the dominating factor for larger cell formation. There was a sudden increase in elastic modulus and complex viscosity for pre-vulcanized silicone rubbers at higher temperature because of the occurrence of further vulcanization, but CO2 plasticization reduced the scope of change of rheological properties, and the loss factor was close to 1 around 170 °C, which is corresponding to the optimum foaming temperature. The foamed silicone rubber had a higher cell density and smaller cell size at a higher temperature rising rate, which is due to higher CO2 supersaturation and faster vulcanization reaction. These results provide some insight into the coupling mode and effect of CO2 plasticization and vulcanization for regulating cell structure in foaming silicone rubber process.
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11
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Rostami-Tapeh-Esmaeil E, Vahidifar A, Esmizadeh E, Rodrigue D. Chemistry, Processing, Properties, and Applications of Rubber Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1565. [PMID: 34068238 PMCID: PMC8153173 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
With the ever-increasing development in science and technology, as well as social awareness, more requirements are imposed on the production and property of all materials, especially polymeric foams. In particular, rubber foams, compared to thermoplastic foams in general, have higher flexibility, resistance to abrasion, energy absorption capabilities, strength-to-weight ratio and tensile strength leading to their widespread use in several applications such as thermal insulation, energy absorption, pressure sensors, absorbents, etc. To control the rubber foams microstructure leading to excellent physical and mechanical properties, two types of parameters play important roles. The first category is related to formulation including the rubber (type and grade), as well as the type and content of accelerators, fillers, and foaming agents. The second category is associated to processing parameters such as the processing method (injection, extrusion, compression, etc.), as well as different conditions related to foaming (temperature, pressure and number of stage) and curing (temperature, time and precuring time). This review presents the different parameters involved and discusses their effect on the morphological, physical, and mechanical properties of rubber foams. Although several studies have been published on rubber foams, very few papers reviewed the subject and compared the results available. In this review, the most recent works on rubber foams have been collected to provide a general overview on different types of rubber foams from their preparation to their final application. Detailed information on formulation, curing and foaming chemistry, production methods, morphology, properties, and applications is presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Vahidifar
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab 5551761167, Iran;
| | - Elnaz Esmizadeh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab 5551761167, Iran;
| | - Denis Rodrigue
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
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12
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Wen H, Jia Y, Xiang B, Zhang W, Luo S, Liu T. A facile preparation of the superhydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane materials and its performances based on the supercritical fluid foaming. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huayin Wen
- Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang China
- Material Science and Engineering College Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang China
| | - Yalan Jia
- Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang China
- Material Science and Engineering College Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang China
| | - Bin Xiang
- Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang China
| | - Wenhuan Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang China
| | - Shikai Luo
- Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang China
- Material Science and Engineering College Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang China
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junjie Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chul B. Park
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Shi S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Liao X, Tian C, Tang W, Yang J, Chen J, Li G. Reinforcement of Mechanical Properties of Silicone Rubber Foam by Functionalized Graphene Using Supercritical CO 2 Foaming Technology. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhe Shi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Liao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenxu Tian
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanyu Tang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
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15
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Tang W, Liao X, Zhang Y, Li S, Wang G, Yang J, Li G. Cellular structure design by controlling rheological property of silicone rubber in supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Tan Y, Yao J, Zhu H. Preparation of room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber foam/SiO2 nanocomposite and its fatigue buffering performance. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2020.1799713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tan
- School of Packaging Design & Art, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Yao
- School of Packaging Design & Art, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Heping Zhu
- School of Packaging Design & Art, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
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17
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Jia Y, Xiang B, Zhang W, Liu T, Luo S. Microstructure and properties of microcellular silicone rubber foams with improved surface quality. Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-019-0249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Chen J, Ye J, Liao X, Li S, Xiao W, Yang Q, Li G. Organic solvent free preparation of porous scaffolds based on the phase morphology control using supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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20
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Mazurek P, Ekbrant B, Madsen F, Yu L, Skov A. Glycerol-silicone foams – Tunable 3-phase elastomeric porous materials. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Mechanical properties of microcellular and nanocellular silicone rubber foams obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide. Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-019-0175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Tang W, Bai J, Liao X, Xiao W, Luo Y, Yang Q, Li G. Carbon nanotube-reinforced silicone rubber nanocomposites and the foaming behavior in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of manufacturing processes used in the development of cellular silicone for a wide variety of applications. The combination of intrinsic properties of silicone and foam is considered as an attractive solution in many applications. With regard to the long-standing interest of the industry in silicone chemistry, foaming is very common from hydrosilylation/condensation reactions. This well-known technology leads to homogeneous, elastic, low density and biocompatible foams. However, the size of the cells remains large, the reactions are sensitive to humidity and the dangerousness of the hydrogen could be an industrial concern. Many researches are moving towards alternatives to the manufacture of silicone cellular materials such as gas foaming, phase separation, emulsion and sacrificial models, and syntactic charges. In addition, the theories of sorption, diffusion, nucleation and cell growth are detailed to explain the formation of gaseous foam. CO2 is commonly used to physically foam silicone because of its good solubility. However, the diffusive behavior of CO2 is high in silicone as explained by the free volume theory. Silicone–CO2 foaming is essentially triggered by rapid depressurization leading to a cell density around 1 × 109 cells/cm3 in the best case. In addition, templated foams are divided into emulsion polymerization (polyHIPE), sacrificial foams and syntactic foams. These methods are simple because they do not need specific foaming equipments. Pore sizes are also tunable as function of template sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Métivier
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Cassagnau
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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25
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Yang C, Wang M, Xing Z, Zhao Q, Wang M, Wu G. A new promising nucleating agent for polymer foaming: effects of hollow molecular-sieve particles on polypropylene supercritical CO 2 microcellular foaming. RSC Adv 2018; 8:20061-20067. [PMID: 35541683 PMCID: PMC9080821 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03071e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Because polypropylene (PP) foam normally exhibits nonuniform cell size and cracked cellular structure, a narrow cell-size distribution and a well-defined morphology are always the focus of PP foaming technology. In this work, hollow molecular-sieve (MS) particles were applied as a potential nucleating agent in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) foaming of PP. It was observed that the addition of MS particles largely narrowed the cell-size distribution. The resultant PP/MS foams exhibited significant concurrent enhancement in their cell density and mechanical properties: the cell density increased remarkably, by approximately 10 times, and the tensile strength increased from 6.1 MPa to 12.6 MPa. The hollow-structure MS particles resulted in a higher heterogeneous nucleation efficiency in the PP foaming process. We believe that the trapping of CO2 in the hollow holes of MS particles largely increased the solubility CO2 in PP and a number of gas cavities were formed. The existence of gas cavities reduced the energy barrier of heterogeneous nucleation, favoring the formation of a well-defined cellular structure. Additionally, the regular-hexagon shape of the cells might endow the PP foam with better mechanical properties compared with a circular cell shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading Shanghai 201800 China
- University of China Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Mouhua Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Zhe Xing
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Quan Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Minglei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading Shanghai 201800 China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 200031 China
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26
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Wei CS, Lu A, Sun SM, Wei XW, Zho XY, Sun J. Establishment of Constitutive Model of Silicone Rubber Foams Based on Statistical Theory of Rubber Elasticity. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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27
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Xiang B, Deng Z, Zhang F, Wen N, Lei Y, Liu T, Luo S. Microcellular silicone rubber foams: The influence of reinforcing agent on cellular morphology and nucleation. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xiang
- Department of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; School of Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu 610059 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physica; Mianyang 621900 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoping Deng
- Department of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; School of Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu 610059 People's Republic of China
| | - Fengshun Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physica; Mianyang 621900 People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wen
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physica; Mianyang 621900 People's Republic of China
| | - Yajie Lei
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physica; Mianyang 621900 People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physica; Mianyang 621900 People's Republic of China
| | - Shikai Luo
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physica; Mianyang 621900 People's Republic of China
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28
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Microcellular nanocomposites based on millable polyurethane and nano-silica by two-step curing and solid-state supercritical CO 2 foaming: Preparation, high-pressure viscoelasticity and mechanical properties. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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A novel route to the generation of porous scaffold based on the phase morphology control of co-continuous poly(ε-caprolactone)/polylactide blend in supercritical CO 2. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Li S, He G, Liao X, Park CB, Yang Q, Li G. Introduction of a long-chain branching structure by ultraviolet-induced reactive extrusion to improve cell morphology and processing properties of polylactide foam. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26457c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain branching structure introduced by UV-induced reactive extrusion could widen its foaming processing window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Guangjian He
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Xia Liao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Chul B. Park
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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